Steps in Conducting survey research - PPT
- 1. StepsinConducting SURVEY RESEARCH RTS-2: ADVANCED RESEARCH METHODS Monali Madhuchhanda Pradhan 21BEDMED20 5th Semester
- 2. Surveys - A type of research to collect the data and facts about some certain situation or issue from the target population existing in surroundings having relevance to the nature of study. - Surveys are based on the desire to collect information (through personal or impersonal means) about a well defined issue or situation (hypothesis) from the well defined population. - Personal means, The interviews - Impersonal means, Questionnaires, Mails, Telephone, etc. The findings are finally generalized. - Surveys are method of data collection in which information is gathered through oral or written questioning. - Data collection through survey involves persuasion of respondents and then on some level social interaction between respondents and the research interviewer.
- 3. SURVEY RESEARCH - Survey research is a method used to collect data from a sample of individuals in order to gain insights into their opinions, attitudes, behaviours, or characteristics. - It involves designing a set of questions, either open-ended or close- ended, and administering them to a targeted group. - Survey research can be conducted using various methods such as online surveys, phone interviews, face-to-face interviews or mailed questionnaires. - The collected data is then analysed to draw conclusions and make inferences about the larger population from which the sample was drawn.
- 4. Survey Research Methods Survey research methods can be derived based on two critical factors: Survey research tool and time involved in conducting research. There are three main survey research methods, divided based on the medium of conducting survey research: - Online/ Email: Online survey research is one of the most popular survey research methods today. The cost involved in online survey research is extremely minimal, and the responses gathered are highly accurate. - Phone: Survey research conducted over the telephone can be useful in collecting data from a more extensive section of the target population. There are chances that the money invested in phone surveys will be higher than other mediums, and the time required will be higher. - Face-to-face: Researchers conduct face-to-face in-depth interviews in situations where there is a complicated problem to solve. The response rate for this method is the highest, but it can be costly.
- 5. Further, based on the time taken, survey research can be classified into two methods: 1. Cross- Sectional Surveys: These surveys are conducted at a single point in time and provide a snapshot of the respondents’ opinions, attitudes, or behaviours at that moment. Researchers conduct a cross-sectional survey to collect insights from a target audience at a particular time interval. 2. Longitudinal Surveys: Longitudinal surveys involve collecting data from the same group of individuals over multiple time points. Respondent behavior, preferences, and attitudes are continuously observed over time to analyze reasons for a change in behavior or preferences. Cross-sectional Survey Longitudinal Survey
- 6. Based on the Purposes, survey research can be classified into following: 1. Descriptive Survey: Descriptive surveys are a type of survey research that aims to provide a detailed and accurate portrayal of a particular population, group, or phenomenon. - Focus on describing the characteristics, behaviours, attitudes, opinions, or preferences of the respondents without necessarily attempting to establish cause-and-effect relationships or explanations - Often used to gather baseline information, explore patterns, and generate insights for further investigation. 2. Exploratory Surveys: An exploratory survey is a type of research method used to gather preliminary insights and information about a particular topic, issue, or phenomenon. - Conducted when researchers have limited knowledge or understanding of a subject and want to explore it in an open-ended and flexible manner. 3. Explanatory Surveys: Explanatory surveys aims to identify relationships between variables and provide insights into why certain phenomena occur. - It delve deeper to understand the underlying reasons, causes, or factors that lead to certain outcomes.
- 7. Steps in Conducting Survey Research Conducting survey research involves several key steps to ensure the collection of reliable and valid data. Here’s a general overview of the process: 1. Define Research Objectives: Clearly articulate the goals and the objectives of your survey. Determine what information you want to gather, the population you want to study and the research questions you aim to answer. 2. Select Survey Type: Choose the appropriate type of survey that aligns with your research objectives. Decide whether you are conducting a descriptive, exploratory, explanatory, cross-sectional, longitudinal, or other type of survey. 3. Develop Research Questions: Based on your objectives, formulate specific research questions that the survey will address. These questions will guide the design of your survey instrument.
- 8. 4. Design the Survey Instrument: - Choose Question Types: Decide between closed-ended questions(multiple choice, Likert scales) and open-ended questions(text- based responses). - Create Questions: Develop clear, concise, and unbiased questions. Avoid leading or loaded questions that might influence respondent’s answers. -Order and Logic: Organize the questions in a logical sequence. Start with introductory questions and gradually move to more complex or sensitive ones. - Pilot testing: test the survey on a small sample to identify any ambiguities, confusing questions, or technical issues. Make necessary adjustments based on feedback. 5. Sampling: Define your target population and select a representative sample. Choose
- 9. 6. Data collection: - Administer the survey: Use appropriate methods such as online platforms, phone interviews, face-to-face interviews, or mailed questionnaires to collect data from respondents. - Consistency: Ensure consistency in administering the survey to minimize biases and errors. -Ethical Considerations: Respect participant‘s privacy and obtain informed consent. Protect their confidentiality and provide contact information for any questions or concerns. 7. Data Analysis: - Quantitative Analysis: If using closed-ended questions, perform quantitative analysis using statistical techniques to summarize and interpret the data. - Qualitative Analysis: If using open-ended questions, employ qualitative
- 10. 8. Interpretation and Conclusion: Interpret the survey results in the context of your research objectives and questions. Draw conclusions based on the data analysis and discuss their implications. 9. Report writing: Analyzed data should be translated into units of information that directly correspond to the aims and goals identified before creating the survey. Depending on the formality of the report, include different kinds of information. (e.g. Introduction, Methodology, Results, Discussion, Conclusion) 10. Dissemination: Share your survey results through presentations, reports, academic papers, or other appropriate channels.
- 11. Advantages - Accommodates large sample sizes - Generalizable to target population - Easy to administer and record answers - Facilitates advanced statistical analysis Disadvantages - Questions that accurately measure variables can be difficult to develop - In-depth data difficult to obtain - Low response rates