Strategic Importance of Communicating (in) Science
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The document discusses how communication revolutions have impacted scientific communication and creativity. It argues that the invention of paper and printing enabled the flourishing of science in Europe by democratizing information. Similarly, the internet revolution offers opportunities for open scientific communication but also challenges like spreading pseudoscience. The document also examines the Lisbon Strategy, the EU's plan to promote innovation, creativity, and open access to knowledge through policies like facilitating knowledge transfer from public research.
Strategic Importance of Communicating (in) Science
- 1. Strategic Importance of Communicating (in) Science prof. dr. Žiga Turk, Univ. of Ljubljana, Slovenia @ SciCom 2008, Vienna, November 2008
- 2. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Abstract Innovation and creativity, science and technology are believed to be the key competitive advantages of nations in a globlized world and a key strategic asset of nations, states and individuals. The author believes that it was the innovation in communication that was instrumental for the flourishing of Europe in the past 500 years. The start of the dominance of Europe in science, technology and later in economy and politics coincides with a breakthrough in communication - with the invention of paper and print. Today were are witnessing another communication revolution - related to the internet and the Web. It offers immense opportunities for scientific communication, for communicating about science, as well as dangers and challenges. To some extent this is reflected in in the key European strategic document - the Lisbon strategy but more is required in order to capitalize on the potential of human resources in Europe.
- 3. A.D. 500, Istanbul:A.D. 500, Istanbul: Hagia Sophia, 31mHagia Sophia, 31m 31m
- 4. A.D., Istanbul:A.D., Istanbul: Süleymaniye, 26mSüleymaniye, 26m 26m
- 5. A.D. 1600, Rome:A.D. 1600, Rome: St. Peters, 42 mSt. Peters, 42 m 42m
- 6. parchment available toparchment available to few, then …few, then …
- 7. cheap paper (guns,cheap paper (guns, gunpowder, spagettii,gunpowder, spagettii, ice cream, ipods) fromice cream, ipods) from ChinaChina
- 8. paper available forpaper available for anything …anything …
- 9. …… even for engineeringeven for engineering drawings …drawings …
- 10. …… and scientificand scientific communicationcommunication
- 11. Paper enables thePaper enables the renaissance …renaissance …
- 12. …… and provides aand provides a basis forbasis for scientific,scientific, technological,technological, military, political,military, political, economic …economic … dominance of thedominance of the WestWest
- 13. But the storyBut the story continues …continues … electronicelectronic communication!communication!
- 14. …… at first available forat first available for some special needs.some special needs.
- 15. well … not perhaps notwell … not perhaps not quite so specialquite so special
- 16. until the seconduntil the second communicationcommunication revolutionrevolution
- 17. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Internet je najprej enosmeren …
- 18. …… becomesbecomes two waytwo way
- 19. anyone cananyone can communicate …communicate …
- 20. about anything ;-)about anything ;-)
- 21. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Media for communication through history Harold Innis time binding media space binding media Ž.T. oral communication paper based communication exclusive democratic electronic communication exclusive democratic
- 22. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Democratisation of creativity … year500 1000 1500 2000 numberofcreativepeople communication revolution 1.0 communication revolution 1.0 communication revolution 2.0 communication revolution 2.0 0
- 23. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia … leads to a longer tailAristotle,Plato,TheBible… Shakespeare,Goethe, Dickens…Science, Nature YouTube,Flickr, MyScpace,Blogger no-one is published everyone is published
- 25. oral …oral …
- 30. closed circles ofclosed circles of scientistsscientists
- 31. paper based collaboration; books, journalspaper based collaboration; books, journals
- 32. discovery channel,discovery channel, national geographic,national geographic, CSI,CSI, dr. Housedr. House ……
- 33. open access journalsopen access journals wikipediawikipedia but also blogs:but also blogs: real climate,real climate, greenie watchgreenie watch Planet GorePlanet Gore
- 34. Impact on scientific communication
- 35. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Paper based model scientists do the research, write the paper review the paper, edit the journal publisher gets the copyright, prints a journal scientists subscribe to it because paper is precious because reader's time is precious closed model of publishing
- 36. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Questions: Costs related to scientific publishing by buying scientific publications one does not pay for the innovation described in the work cover the cost of innovation this is a crucial difference to all other forms of publishing 0 200000 400000 600000 800000 1000000 1200000 1400000 1600000 Life-cycle phase Research Drafting Review Publication Retrieval (Bjork, 2002) IPR questionsanaliza
- 37. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Alternative - open access Process reengineering of scientific publishing It must be remembered that there is nothing more difficult to plan, more doubtful of success, nor more dangerous to manage than the creation of a new system. For the initiator has the enmity of all who would profit by the preservation of the old institutions and merely lukewarm defenders in those who would gain by the new one. - Nicolo Machiavelli
- 38. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Maciavellian analysis of open publishing enmity lukewarm support “impact factor” publishers defend monopoly new small innovative publishers like biomed high libraries handling paper reason for their existence some very supportive low scientists and researchers seniors with CVs full of paper based references the internet generation low, unless organized r&d institutions save money? promote institution medium learned societies some endorsing/editing paper based journals they have nothing to loose potentially very high funding agencies they love “objective” SCI and related journals don’t care much about efficiency very high general public, taxpayer has no access anyway is not aware very low because not aware Turk, 2004
- 39. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Open Access … is a bridge between publishing in science and about science is a transition towards other types of scientific communication blog wiki …
- 40. But it is not all that rosy
- 41. I can use a laptop,I can use a laptop, and Internet …and Internet … I can publish too …I can publish too …
- 42. …… about science!about science!
- 43. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Henri Broch, physics professor director of the Center for the Study of Paranormal Phenomena at the University of Nice-Sophia Antipolis, France. "In France, paranormal beliefs are thriving and the situation is becoming alarming," One source of Broch's alarm was the discovery that seven out of 10 students accepted mind- induced spoon bending as scientific fact …
- 44. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Simon Blackburn: Truth, A Guide for the Perplexed Relativism chips away the right to dissaprove of what anybody says. Its central message is that there are no asymmetries of reason and knowledge, objectivity and truth ... We must not believe that anything goes ... that there is not truth to prevail. Without defenses against postmodern irony and cynicism, multiculturalism and relativism, we will all go to hell in a handbasket.
- 45. "You have to take the"You have to take the road"road"
- 47. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Lisbon strategy: The top level strategy the European strategy for tackling globalization, for growth and jobs timeline 1.0 Original Lisbon Strategy y2000 2.0 Renewed Lisbon Strategy 2005 2.1 Updated Lisbon Strategy 2008 making Europe more dynamic, creative, entrepreneurial, market economy that cares for people and nature. spring European Council March 2008.
- 48. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Lisbon Strategy on Creativity "A key factor for future growth is the full development of the potential for innovation and creativity of European citizens built on European culture and excellence in science. "At the same time further efforts must be made, including in the private sector, with a view to investing more, and more effectively, in research, creativity, innovation and higher education "Providing high-quality education and investing more and more effectively in human capital and creativity throughout people's lives are crucial conditions for Europe's success in a globalised world.
- 49. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Lisbon Strategy on Open innovation In order to become a truly modern and competitive economy, and building on the work carried out on the future of science and technology and on the modernisation of universities, Member States and the EU must remove barriers to the free movement of knowledge by creating a "fifth freedom" based on: … facilitating and promoting the optimal use of intellectual property created in public research organisations so as to increase knowledge transfer to industry … encouraging open access to knowledge and open innovation …
- 50. dr. Žiga Turk, University of Ljubljana, Slovenia Conclusions communication revolutions are broadening the creative and intellectual base destroying old monopolies they must be harnessed by all, not just by the new entrants to the market think YouTube vs. BBC think blogs on pseudo science vs. Science & Nature open access publishing is a bridge to other types of scientific communication and communicating about science
Editor's Notes
- #9: Democratic use of paper. It can be used for anything. So many more people can learn, create
- #12: In ethics, arts, science, technology. World domination follows. Culminates in the early 20th century.
- #19: http://www.flickr.com/photos/z6p6tist6/
- #28: Murdoch, Boško Šrot …
- #33: Murdoch, Boško Šrot …