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• [Alistair_R._Brown]_Interpretation_of_Three-
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Stratigraphic interpretation
- 1. Stratigraphic Interpretation Prof. ADEL ELMORSY Presented By: EMAN MOHAMED OMAR ATEF MOHAMMED ELSAYED
- 2. 1. Recognition of Characteristic Shape. Vertical Seismic Section Horizontal Seismic Section
- 3. Vertical Seismic Section Fig. 4-1. Five adjacent vertical sections from 3-D survey in the Williston basin of North Dakota. (Courtesy Geophysical Service Inc.)
- 4. Horizontal Seismic Section Fig. 4-2. Horizontal sections from 1812 and 1828 MS. from North Dakota, each showing positive amplitudes only. The approximately circular outline between the black and the gray indicates the shape of a carbonate buildup. (Courtesy Geophysical Service Inc.)
- 5. Fig. 4-(3,4). Horizontal section at 820 MS. from 3-D survey over Mackerel field in offshore Gippsland basin, southeastern Australia. Circular objects are interpreted as sinkholes in karst topography. (Courtesy Esso Australia Ltd.)
- 6. Fig. 4-(5,6,7). Sum of horizontal sections at 812 and 816 MS from same survey as Figure 4-5 showing a branching channel. (Courtesy Chevron U.S.A. Inc.)
- 7. Fig. 4-8. Composite display of horizontal sections at 812 and 816 MS showing western branch of channel and at 820 MS showing eastern branch. (Courtesy Chevron U.S.A. Inc.)
- 8. Fig. 4-9. Composite display of vertical and horizontal sections from Gulf of Thailand showing spatial continuity of vertical section event segments. (Courtesy Texas Pacific Oil Company Inc.)
- 9. Fig. 4-10. Horizontal section at 196 MS. from Gulf of Thailand showing meandering stream channel. (Courtesy Texas Pacific Oil Company Inc.)
- 10. Fig. 4-11. Schematic diagram of delta prograding across the Gulf of Thailand 3-D survey area between mid- Miocene and Pleistocene.
- 11. Fig. 4-12. Horizontal section at 608 MS from Gulf of Thailand showing delta front channel. (Courtesy Texas Pacific Oil Company Inc.)
- 12. Fig. 4-13. Horizontal section at 488 MS from Gulf of Thailand showing large offshore sand bar. (Courtesy Texas Pacific Oil Company Inc.) Fig. 4-14. Horizontal section at 360 MS from Gulf of Thailand showing small sand bars. (Courtesy Texas Pacific Oil Company Inc.)
- 13. Fig. 4-15. Horizontal section at 304 MS from Gulf of Thailand showing a reworked bar and distributary channels. (Courtesy Texas Pacific Oil Company Inc.) Fig. 4-16. Horizontal section at 228 MS from Gulf of Thailand showing several channels, large and small. (Courtesy Texas Pacific Oil Company Inc.)
- 14. Fig. 4-17. Horizontal section at 100 MS from Peciko 3-D survey recorded in the Mahakam delta offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia. The deltaic features seen here are about 18,000 years old. (Courtesy Total Indonesie.) Fig. 4-18. Satellite photograph of part of present Mahakam delta for comparison with Figure 4-17. (Courtesy Total Indonesie.)
- 15. Fig. 4-19. Horizontal section at 104 MS from NUBI 3-D survey recorded in the Mahakam delta offshore Kalimantan, Indonesia. Note the dendritic patterns of incised canyons. (Courtesy Total Indonesia.)
- 16. Fig. 4-20. Shallow horizontal section from Gulf of Thailand showing channels, point bars and crevasse splays. (Courtesy Unocal Thailand Ltd.)
- 17. Fig. 4-23. Horizontal section at 936 MS from Mobile area, offshore Alabama, showing interpretation of numerous Miocene deltaic fans. (Courtesy Conoco Inc. and Digicon Geophysical Corp.) Fig. 4-24. Horizontal section at 1268 MS from Mobile area, offshore Alabama, showing one Miocene deltaic fan. Gas is being produced from one of the black channels. (Courtesy Conoco Inc. and Digicon Geophysical Corp.)
- 18. Methods of Making Horizon Slices A horizon slice is by definition a slice along a bedding plane, but the methods by which an interpreter may make such a slice are many and varied (Figure 4-35).
- 21. Fig. 4-33. Lines 57 from a 3-D survey in the Gulf of Mexico showing a tracked horizon above bright events indicating channel intersections. (Courtesy Chevron U.S.A. Inc.)
- 23. Fig. 4-35. Methods of making horizon slices. The tracking level and the slicing level need not be the same. Amplitude corrections may be necessary to compensate for shallower effects
- 24. Windowed Amplitude • The window can be flat, defined by a start time and an end time only; the window can be the interval between two structurally interpreted horizons. • Types : average absolute amplitude and root-mean-square (RMS) amplitude.
- 27. Horizon Slice Examples Fig. 4-38. Line 325 from 3-D survey in the Gulf of Thailand showing interpreted horizon through many fault blocks. (Courtesy Unocal Thailand Ltd.)
- 28. Fig. 4-41. Time structure map for a horizon interpreted from a 3-D survey offshore Louisiana. (Courtesy Geophysical Service Inc.) Fig. 4-42. Horizon slice showing spatial distribution of amplitude over the horizon mapped in Figure 4-41 and indicating two channels. (Courtesy GeophysicalService Inc.)
- 29. Fig. 4-43. Horizon slice from Gulf of Mexico with overlain structural contours showing high amplitudes caused by gas in several sand bodies. (Courtesy GeoQuest Systems Inc.)
- 30. Unconformity Horizon Slices • An unconformity is a break in the rock record produced by erosion and/or non-deposition. • Types of unconformity: I. Nonconformity II. Angular unconformity III. Disconformity
- 32. Fig. 4-50. Vertical section from Lisburne 3-D survey, North Slope of Alaska, showing Lower Cretaceous unconformity. (Courtesy Standard Alaska Production Company)
- 34. Thank you