STRESS THEORY
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The document discusses stress theory and the biopsychosocial model of stress. It summarizes that stress has three components: 1) external stressors from one's environment, 2) internal physiological and neurological responses to stress, and 3) the interaction between external and internal factors. One of the most influential theories was proposed by Hans Selye, who described the general adaptation syndrome where the body goes through alarm, resistance, and exhaustion stages in response to prolonged stress.
STRESS THEORY
- 1. STRESS THEORY • What is stress and its impact in your life? • Have you imagined life without stress? • We should all know that stress is one of the most common feeling what individuals experience over their lives. • For the importance of stress there has been extensive research Ikonomi Kristi 23/11/2011 ©
- 2. STRESS THEORY i. Psychologists have viewed stress as the outcomes of the neurological and physiological responses in a variety of anxious situations. ii. Research on the bodily reactions to stress and on the known processes that influence the perception of stress. iii. Throughout time, there have been several definitions about stress. Ikonomi Kristi 23/11/2011 ©
- 3. Hans Selye Theory Psychologists cannot give clear definition because there are many different situations involving stress. So Selye Hans defined stress as “nonspecific” (1985) This led to several definitions of stress. Each one focuses on different aspects of stress. One of the most comprehensive theories of stress is the “Biopsychosocial Model of Stress” (Bernard & Krupat, 1994). According to this, we can divide stress in three components: 1. external 2. internal 3. interaction between the two Kristi 23/11/2011 © Ikonomi
- 4. EXTERNAL COMPONENT External component: includes all environmental conditions before detection of stress. Reaction to stress produced by variety of psychosocial stimuli due to natural/emotional causes for disruption of organism’s homeostasis (Cannon, 1932). Individuals have ability to recognize when we fall in a stressful situation (conflicts, frustration, pressure). Most common stressors I. Personal II. Social/Familial Ikonomi Kristi 23/11/2011 © III. Professional
- 5. INTERNAL COMPONENT Internal component: includes neurological & physiological responses to stress. Selye found that when we are under stress for a long time we go through three phases. I. Alarm Reaction II. Stage of Resistance III. Exhaustion General Adaptation Syndrome (GAS). - Reactions that help organism to be mobilized in reaction to get through situation. Alarm reaction: fight-or-flight reaction with various neurological / physiological responses. Stage of Resistance: arousal state. If situation is prolonged, the unusual high level of hormones may setup homeostasis and make organism vulnerable to disease. Exhaustion: Bodily energy falls down - organism exhausted, may collapse. Ikonomi Kristi 23/11/2011 ©