String in programming language in c or c++

C - STRING
 strings are arrays of chars. String literals are words surrounded by
double quotation marks.
 The string in C programming language is actually a one-dimensional
array of characters which is terminated by a null character '0'. Thus
a null-terminated string contains the characters that comprise the
string followed by a null.
 A string can be declared as a character array or with a string pointer.
 The following declaration and initialization create a string consisting
of the word "Hello". To hold the null character at the end of the array,
the size of the character array containing the string is one more than
the number of characters in the word "Hello."
"This is a static string"
Or
Or
char *greeting = “Hello” ;

C - STRING
 Following is the memory presentation of above defined string
in C/C++:
 It's important to remember that there will be an extra
character on the end on a string, literally a '0' character, just
like there is always a period at the end of a sentence. Since
this string terminator is unprintable, it is not counted as a
letter, but it still takes up a space. Technically, in a fifty char
array you could only hold 49 letters and one null character at
the end to terminate the string.
 Actually, you do not place the null character at the end of a
string constant. The C compiler automatically places the '0'
at the end of the string when it initializes the array.

C - STRING
 Let us try to print above mentioned string:
 Note: %s is used to print a string.

READING A LINE OF TEXT
gets() and puts() are two string functions to take string input from
user and display string respectively

STRING RELATED OPERATIONS
 Find the Frequency of Characters in a String
 Find the Number of Vowels, Consonants, Digits and White space in
a String
 Reverse a String by Passing it to Function
 Find the Length of a String
 Concatenate Two Strings
 Copy a String
 Remove all Characters in a String except alphabet
 Sort a string in alphabetic order
 Sort Elements in Lexicographical Order (Dictionary Order)
 Change Decimal to Hexadecimal Number
 Convert Binary Number to Decimal

FIND THE FREQUENCY OF
CHARACTERS

C PROGRAM TO FIND FREQUENCY OF CHARACTERS IN A
STRING
This program computes
frequency of characters in a
string i.e. which character
is present how many times
in a string.
For example in the string
"code" each of the character
'c', 'o', 'd', and 'e' has
occurred one time.
Only lower case alphabets
are considered, other
characters (uppercase and
special characters) are
ignored. You can easily
modify this program to
handle uppercase and
special symbols.

FIND NUMBER OF VOWELS, CONSONANTS, DIGITS AND
WHITE SPACE CHARACTER
Output

REVERSE STRING
To solve this problem,
two standard library
functions strlen() and
strcpy() are used to
calculate length and
to copy string
respectively.

CALCULATED LENGTH OF A STRING WITHOUT
USING STRLEN() FUNCTION
You can use standard library function strlen( ) to find the length of a string
but, this program computes the length of a string manually without using
strlen( ) funtion.

CONCATENATE TWO STRINGS MANUALLY
You can concatenate two strings using standard library function strcat( ) , this
program concatenates two strings manually without using strcat( ) function.

COPY STRING MANUALLY
You can use the strcpy( )
function to copy the content
of one string to another
but, this program copies
the content of one string to
another manually without
using strcpy( ) function.

REMOVE CHARACTERS IN STRING EXCEPT ALPHABETS
This program
takes a string
from user and for
loop executed
until all
characters of
string is checked.
If any character
inside a string is
not a alphabet,
all characters
after it including
null character is
shifted by 1
position
backwards.

SORT A STRING IN
ALPHABETIC
ORDER
C program to sort a string in alphabetic
order: For example if user will enter a string
"programming" then output will be
"aggimmnoprr" or output string will contain
characters in alphabetical order.

SORT ELEMENTS IN LEXICOGRAPHICAL
ORDER (DICTIONARY ORDER)
This program takes 10 words
from user and sorts elements
in lexicographical order. To
perform this task, two
dimensional string is used.

C LIBRARY FUNCTIONS
 C supports a wide range of functions that manipulate null-terminated
strings:

Following example makes use of few of the above-
mentioned functions:

STRCAT( ) FUNCTION
 strcat( ) function concatenates two given strings. It concatenates
source string at the end of destination string.
 Syntax for strcat( ) function is given below.
 char * strcat ( char * destination, const char * source );
 Example :
 strcat ( str2, str1 ); - str1 is concatenated at the end of str2.
strcat ( str1, str2 ); - str2 is concatenated at the end of str1.
 As you know, each string in C is ended up with null character
(‘0′).
 In strcat( ) operation, null character of destination string is
overwritten by source string’s first character and null character is
added at the end of new destination string which is created after
strcat( ) operation.

EXAMPLE PROGRAM FOR STRCAT( )
 In this program, two strings “is fun” and “C tutorial” are concatenated
using strcat( ) function and result is displayed as “C tutorial is fun”.
Output:
Source string = is fun
Target string = C tutorial
Target string after strcat( ) = C tutorial is fun

String in programming language in c or c++

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