STRUCTURE OF ENGLISH. Midterm adjective
- 1. The Use of Adjectives Making Descriptions This looks a little...
- 4. What is an adjective?
- 7. Coordinate adjectives These are small groups of adjectives used to describe some attributes of the same noun or subject. They are separated by a comma to avoid confusing the adjectives as singular modifier and not a coordinate pair. Examples She wore a blue and white blouse yesterday. It was a dark, gloomy and thunderous afternoon in Boracay.
- 8. Demonstrative adjectives Demonstrative adjectives refer to "which" noun or pronoun you are speaking about. A demonstrative adjective comes before all other adjectives in the noun phrase. Some of the common demonstrative adjectives are this, that, these and those. Examples Would you like these shoes? This car used to be his. She doesn't want that gown.
- 9. Descriptive adjectives These adjectives generally modify a noun. They give the noun a quality or attribute, i.e. the good son, the majestic mountain. Examples He hurt her feelings when he called her lying bitch. The pitiful dog got trapped in the filthy cage.
- 10. Distributive adjectives These adjectives point out specific entities and single out a particular noun or pronoun in order to modify, or draw attention, to it. Some of these adjectives are any, each, either, every, neither. They stand before the noun they modify. Examples I don't like to hear any news about COVID-19. Don't touch every plant you see in the garden. She bought each cellphone model in that store.
- 11. Indefinite adjectives Indefinite adjectives point to non-specific items. They are similar to indefinite articles. Some of these are any, few, many, no and several. Examples I don't like to hear any complaints from you. Do you have many units in stocks? There are no teachers in the faculty room.
- 12. Interrogative adjectives Interrogative adjectives pose a question and need a noun or pronoun by their side. Some of these are what, which and whose. Examples What brand do you prefer for a laptop? Which dress do you want to wear tonight? Whose mother is here to see the principal?
- 13. Possessive adjectives Possessive adjectives show possession. Some of these adjectives are his, her, my, our, their and your. They come before their corresponding noun/s. Examples Is that their house? Don't touch our Ferrari.
- 14. Predicate adjectives They come after a linking verb. These linking verbs include am, is, are, was, were, etc. Examples She is intelligent. We are so poor.
- 15. Proper adjectives These adjectives are capitalized adjectives derived from proper nouns. Examples I love Korean cuisine. Singaporean English is different from conventional English.
- 16. Quantitative adjectives These describe the quantity of something. They answer the question, "how much?" Numbers zero through nine must be written in words while for anything 10 and above, numerals must be used. Examples She has four siblings. Soon, I hope to have three children. I'll take the whole pizza
- 17. Subsequence adjectives Sequence adjectives are similar to quantitative adjectives, they are also called ordinal adjectives. Examples This is my third take for the licensure examination. She celebrated her eighteenth . I watched the latest movie sequel of Spiderman This is her next album
- 18. Articles as adjectives Articles such as a, an, the act as adjectives. They stand beside their nouns. Examples She is the daughter of the president. I just saw a comet fall.
- 19. Describes one noun We use the positive form of adjectives to describe a single noun. Positive A hotel is comfortable. Are you feeling good? The weather today is hot. Greta is tall. I can drive fast. She looks happy. Greta
- 20. Comparison between two We use the comparative form of adjectives and adverbs to compare two things or actions. Comparatives A hotel is more comfortable than a tent. Are you feeling better? It's hotter today than yesterday. Greta is taller than Lorna. I can drive faster than you. She looks happier than before. Greta Lorna
- 21. Comparison in a group We use the superlative form of adjectives and adverbs to compare one thing or action with a group of things or actions. This is the most comfortable sofa I've ever sat on. He's my best friend. The hottest temperatures in Brazil are in January. Greta is the tallest in her family. Is this the fastest you can drive? Some of my happiest memories are from the 90s. Greta Superlatives
- 22. to make comparisons Other types of clauses
- 23. A bike isn't as fast as car. (not) as/so ... as A smartphone might be just as expensive as a laptop. just as ... as The higher you climb, the dizzier you feel. the ... the Tom's nose is getting redder and redder with that cold. more... and more Other Expressions
- 24. 1 syllable 2 syllable ending in -y 1 syllable ending in -e 1 syllable ending consonant-vowel- consontant 2 or more syllables* Irregular (good/well - bad/badly - far - old**) Comparative -er -ier -r double consontant + -er more... better worse farther/further elder* Superlative -est -iest -st double consontant + -est the most... the best the worst the farthest/the furthest the eldest* Forms **Old has a regular form (older/the older) and an irregular one (elder/the eldest) when describing people's ages, especially when they are family members. *Some two-syllable adjectives can take both forms (adding -er/-est or more/the most): narrow - clever - simple - cruel - common - likely - gentle - common. *Adverbs ending in -ly always add more/the most.
- 25. Notes Less/the least are the opposites of more/the most. Planes are less dangerous than cars. I bought the least expensive phone. I only need it to make calls. Superlatives are common in expressions with ever. This is the biggest hamburger I've ever eaten! Before comparatives, we can use much/a lot/a bit/no/any. Your car is much faster than mine.
- 26. Order of Adjectives/Cumulative Adjectives The order of adjectives refers to the specific sequence in which multiple adjectives are placed before a noun in English. When you describe something using more than one adjective, these adjectives follow a fixed order to ensure the sentence sounds natural and clear. Cumulative adjectives are adjectives that work together to build a description without needing commas between them. They are not interchangeable, and their order follows a particular hierarchy.
- 27. Placement Type of Adjective Examples 1 Article, Demonstrative determiner, or Possessive determiner a, an, the, this, that, these, my, your, his, our. 2 Quantity one, three, ninety-nine 3 Opinion or Observation beautiful, clever, witty, well-mannered 4 Size big, medium-sized, small 5 Physical quality thin, lumpy, cluttered 6 Shape square, round, long Order of Adjectives/Cumulative Adjectives Placement Type of Adjective Examples 7 Age young, middle-aged, old 8 Colour/Color red, blue, purple 9 Origin or Religion French, Buddhist 10 Material metal, leather, wooden 11 Type L-shaped, two-sided, all- purpose 12 Purpose, or Attributive noun mixing, drinking, cooking, service, football, head
- 28. Order of Adjectives/Cumulative Adjectives "A beautiful small round old red Italian wooden dining table." Example: ORDER A (article) Beautiful (opinion) Small (size) Round (shape) Old (age) Red (color) Italian (origin) Wooden (material) Dining (purpose)
- 29. Order of Adjectives/Cumulative Adjectives Why Does the Order Matter? If you mix up the order, the sentence can sound unnatural or confusing. For instance: ❌"A French old wooden round beautiful table" sounds wrong. ✔️"A beautiful old round wooden French table" is correct.
- 30. Order of Adjectives/Cumulative Adjectives "My big blue leather travel bag." Example: ORDER My (determiner) Big (size) Blue (color) Leather (material) Travel (purpose) Bag (noun)
- 31. Happy learning!