Study Guide Slides
- 1. 1. AGRICULTURAL REVOLUTION Agricultural Revolution – New farming methods invented (seed drill- Jethro Tull) Lord Townshend in England introduced crop rotation – land could now be used year-round; certain crops revitalized soil Enclosure movement had large land owners buying and then fencing public land
- 2. 2.) STEAM ENGINE! First pumped water out of coal mines. The steam engine was not just a transportation device. It ran entire factories the way rivers used to.
- 3. #3) Charles Darwin Natural selection of the fittest Species develop specialized traits to fit their environment
- 4. #4 ) How did women’s roles change? Learned new skills Demanded rights Worked to abolish slavery (ABOLITION) Promoted public education
- 5. #5 and #6 SMITH AND MARX Read the notes on the ECONOMIC SPECTRUM that Ms. Anders gave you! Understand the differences between them clearly!
- 6. # 7) Why did the IR begin in UK? Rise in s cience + innovation Increasing productivity in agriculture Expanding population Merchant tradition- entrepreneurial spirit Capitalist philosophy (Adam Smith!) Geography (climate + soil = good farming) Coal and iron deposits Navigable rivers Natural harbors Island location Global trading, slave labor, gold & silver of the New World- COLONIES (in America, Africa, India) State-supported economic development Constitutionalism/ democratic ; Locke’s philosophy (property!)
- 7. #10) Why did things start to improve? Unions organized (strikes) Socialist thinkers Laws (factory and mines) Suffragists demand rights Free PUBLIC education Medicine and science
- 8. # 11) Suffragists DEMAND THE VOTE!! We hold these truths to be self evident: that all men and women are created equal.
- 9. Suffragists Elizabeth Cady Stanton was the grandmother of the movement
- 10. Women all over the USA and Britain paraded and protested for suffrage.
- 11. Women’s suffrage Stanton and Susan B. Anthony fought for women’s rights.
- 15. WWI helped women get the vote because they worked so hard during WWI.
- 16. The Nineteenth Amendment gave women’s suffrage.
- 17. #12) Social Darwinism Separate notion from the biological argument. Not something Charles Darwin would have likely advocated! Society should allow the weak and less fit to fail and die. Pre-existing prejudices were rationalized (RACISM) by the notion that colonized nations, poor people, or disadvantaged minorities must have deserved their situations because they were “less fit” than those who were better off. (rationalized colonies and eugenics)
- 18. #13) Thomas Malthus Population increases faster than the food supply! Malthusian…….. Is this true? When?
- 19. (#14) 1870-Louis Pasteur Disease Prevention showed link between germs and disease, developed a vaccine for rabies and developed pasteurization 1914- knew yellow fever and malaria were caused by mosquitoes People bathed more 1846-anesthesia Joseph Lister-insisted surgeons sterilize instruments and wash hands
- 20. # 15) David Ricardo “ Iron law of wages” Believed that workers should only be paid enough to survive If they make more, they will only have more children and therefore become poor again or die off from starvation Permanent Underclass (like Malthus)
- 21. #16) John Stuart Mills- Rise of Socialism Critics of the Industrial Revolution began advocating for a more even distribution of the wealth. Utilitarianism- government needed only to create greatest good for greatest number of people. John Stuart Mills- Questioned unregulated capitalism More reforms in legal system and education
- 22. #17) John Owen Rise of Socialism Robert Owen set up an utopian system in his factories, creating an ideal working community – workers worked less, children were taken care of while parents worked, productivity and profit increased
- 23. INVENTORS #18 Tull- Seed drill 19 Watt- Steam Engine #20 Hargreaves- Spinning Jenny #21 Fulton- Steam ship #22 Edison- Light bulb, movie camera and phonograph.