Subpart L - Scaffolding
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- 2. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(a) Capacity. (1) “Except as provided in paragraphs (a)(2), (a)(3), (a)(4), (a)(5), and (g) of this section, each scaffold and scaffold component shall be capable of supporting, without failure, its own weight and at least 4 times the maximum intended load applied or transmitted to it.” 2
- 3. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(b)(5(i) “Each end of a platform 10 feet or less in length shall not extend over its end support more than 12 inches unless the platform is designed and installed so that the cantilevered portion of the platform is able to support employees and/or materials without tipping, or has guardrails which block employee access to the cantilevered end.” 3
- 4. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(b)(7) “On scaffolds where platforms are overlapped to create a long platform, the overlap shall occur only over supports and shall not be less than 12 inches unless the platforms are nailed together or otherwise restrained to prevent movement.” 4
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- 7. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(c)(2) “Supported scaffold poles, legs, posts, frames, and uprights shall bear on base plates and mud sills or other adequate firm foundation.” 1926.451(c)(2)(i) “Footings shall be level, sound, rigid, and capable of supporting the loaded scaffold without settling or displacement.” 1926.451(c)(2)(ii) “Unstable objects shall not be used as working platforms.”
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- 9. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(e)(1) “When scaffold platforms are more than 2 feet above or below a point of access, portable ladders, hook-on ladders, attachable ladders, stair tower (scaffold stairways/towers), stairway-type ladders (such as ladder stands), ramps, walkways, integral prefabricated scaffold access, or direct access from another scaffold, structure, personnel hoist, or similar surface shall be used. Crossbraces shall not be used as a means of access.” 9
- 11. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(e)(2)(ii) “Hook-on and attachable ladders shall be positioned so that their bottom rung is not more than 24 inches above the scaffold supporting level.” 1926.451(f)(2) “The use of shore or lean-to scaffolds is prohibited.” 11
- 13. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(f)(6) “The clearance between scaffolds and power lines shall be as follows: Scaffolds shall not be erected, used, dismantled, altered, or moved such that they or any conductive material handled on them might come closer to exposed and energized power lines than as follows:” 13
- 14. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements Insulated lines voltage Minimum distance alternatives Less than 300 volts 3 feet (0.9 m). 300 volts to 50 kv 10 feet (31. m) More than 50 kv 10 feet (3.1 m) plus 2 times the length 0.4 inches (1.0 cm) of the line insulator, each 1 kv over 50 kv but never less than 10 feet (3.1 m). 14
- 15. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements Uninsulated lines voltage Minimum distance alternatives Less than 50 kv 10 feet (3.1 m). More than 50 kv 10 feet (3.1 m) plus 2 times the length 0.4 inches (1.0 cm) of the line insulator, for each 1 kv over but never less than 50 kv. 10 feet (3.1 m). 15
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- 18. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(g) Fall protection. (1) “Each employee on a scaffold more than 10 feet above a lower level shall be protected from falling to that lower level. Paragraphs (g)(1)(i) through (vii) of this section establish the types of fall protection to be provided to the employees on each type of scaffold. Paragraphs (g)(2) of this section addresses fall protection for scaffold erectors and dismantlers.” 18
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- 21. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.451 General requirements 1926.451(g)(4)(xv) “Crossbracing is acceptable in place of a midrail when the crossing point of two braces is between 20 inches and 30 inches above the work platform or as a toprail when the crossing point of two braces is between 38 inches and 48 inches above the work platform. The end points at each upright shall be no more than 48 inches apart.” 21
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- 24. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.453 Aerial lifts 1926.453(a) General requirements. (1) Unless otherwise provided in this section, aerial lifts acquired for use on or after January 22, 1973 shall be designed and constructed in conformance with applicable requirements of the American National Standards for “Vehicle Mounted Elevating and Rotating Work Platforms, “ANSI A92.2-1969…………………. 24
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- 29. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.453 Aerial lifts 1926.453(b)(2)(ii) “Only authorized persons shall operate an aerial lift.” 1926.453(b)(2)(iii) “ Belting off to an adjacent pole, structure, or equipment while working from an aerial lift shall not be permitted.” 29
- 30. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.453 Aerial lifts 1926.453(b)(2)(iv) “Employees shall always stand firmly on the floor of the basket, and shall not sit or climb on the edge of the basket or use planks, ladders, or other devices for a work position.” 1926.453(b)(2)(v) “A body belt shall be worn and a lanyard attached to the boom or basket when working from an aerial lift.” 30
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- 33. Do We Have to Tie-Off on Scissor Lifts? 33
- 34. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.454 Training requirements 1926.454(a) The employer shall have each employee who performs work while on a scaffold trained by a person qualified in the subject matter to recognize the hazards associated with the type of scaffold being used and to understand the procedures to control or minimize those hazards…………… 34
- 35. OCCUPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH OSHA ADMINISTRATION Subpart L - Scaffolds 1926.453 Aerial lifts 1926.454(b) The employer shall have each employee who is involved in erecting, disassembling, moving, operating, repairing, maintaining, or inspecting a scaffold trained by a competent person to recognize any hazards associated with the work in question…………. 35
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- 68. 1910.28(c) “Tube & Coupler Scaffolds”
- 69. 1910.28(d) "Fabricated frame scaffolds” (tubular welded frame scaffolds)
- 71. 1910.28(g) "Two-point adjustable suspension scaffolds (swing stages)"
- 72. 1910.28(h) "Multi-point adjustable “ suspension scaffolds, stone setters' multi- point adjustable suspension scaffolds, and masons' multi-point adjustable suspension scaffolds
- 73. 1910.28(i) "Single-point adjustable suspension scaffolds"
- 75. 1910.28(k) "Form scaffolds and carpenters' bracket scaffolds"
- 76. 1910.28(l) "Bricklayers' square scaffolds (squares)"
- 78. 1910.28(n) "Needle beam scaffolds"
- 79. 1910.28(p) "Interior hung scaffolds"
- 80. 1926.452(q) "Ladder jack scaffolds"
- 81. 1910.28(r) "Window jack scaffolds"
- 82. 1910.28(s) "Roof bracket scaffolds"
- 83. 1910.28(t) "Crawling boards” (chicken ladders)
- 84. 1910.28(u) "Float (ship) scaffolds"