Subsea Operations and Technologies Overview
- 1. Overview Subsea engineering Subsea field architecture SPS SDS Subsea operation • (IMR) inspection , maintenance , & repair • ROV , driving operations .
- 2. Subsea engineering : • subsea engineering : is a multidisciplinary field that is broadly responsible for the control and direct flow of oil and gas from deep marine wells , the scope of this engineering field includes all hardware , control , umbilical's , pipelines and interfaces with host production facilities . • subsea engineering focus on underwater issues of oil and gas. • the industry is growing up towards more depth by findings completely new solutions for the new requirements .
- 3. Subsea Focus • Well interface (well head ) • Trees • Manifold • Pipeline • Risers • Controls • installation
- 4. Subsea field architecture : Some factors for consideration Water Depth Existing Export / Tie back facilities Step out distances Type of completion Filled life Customer preference Flow assurance Environmental impact CAPEX / OPEX ( capital expenses , operational expenses)
- 5. Field layout : 1. Dry tree system 2. Wet tree system - The field layout determine the type of the structure we will use four types of field layout : Satellite layout Cluster layout Template layout Daisy chain
- 6. the type of the structure of field layout • Satellite layout • Individual X-tree connected with a single well and flowline to transfer the target to the nearest manifold . • Advantages : • We use this layout in case of long distance between wells • Expensive approach as each tree has a separate feeding system • Best use of reservoir choosing individual well location • Template layout • Subsea X-trees grouped side by side under one template and the production can be transferred • Advantages : Allow you to have 2 wells or more under the same template Save more time and money “ fabrication , installation …” • Disadvantage : difficult for the ROV operations due to the narrow area .
- 7. • Cluster layout : • Subsea X-trees grouped closely in a central location • Advantage : • Allow you to have 1 feeding system for the group • Production can transfer in one pipeline to the manifold • Daisy chain layout : • Subsea X-trees spread out over a wide area but its connected together with sequence to allow the usage of one gathering line • Advantages : • Better used for two wells only for more we tend to use manifolds • Save money and time • One feeding system is used for the chain • * In reality we use a combination of this layout types .
- 8. Subsea production system “SPS” • Full SPS can consist the following building block Well Head Subsea Tree Manifold Pipeline Systems • Spools & jumper • Risers • Infilled flow line • Gathering line
- 9. Subsea production system “SPS” • Well Head system : • The primary foundation structure for hanging completion casing and enables installation of subsea tree . • Subsea tree : • An assembly of valve and spool used to control , regulate and isolate production fluid from the well . • Manifold classification : Subsea production manifold : • A subsea structure containing valves and pipework design to combine the fluids of one or more subsea production X-tree to one or more export line Subsea injection manifold : • A subsea structure containing valves and pipework designed to distribute injection fluid from one or more injection line to one or more X-tree .
- 10. Subsea production system “SPS” • Manifold types : • Template Manifold • A drill – through structure designed to house multiple subsea X-tree . • Cluster Manifold • A stand-alone structure designed to direct fluids from multiple x-tree placed around . • Pipeline End Manifold “PLEM” • A simple version of cluster manifold .
- 11. Subsea production system “SPS” Pipeline system : • provides a means for transportation to / from wells & for Export . Pipeline Types : 1. Standard pipeline “most common” • Normally fabricated from CS or CRA (carbon steel , corrosion resistance alloys ) . 2. Pipe in pipe • Is a pipe inserted within another pipe usually used near shore for isolation . 3. Bundle • Consist of several export line , injection line , electrical signal , umbilical , annulus . 4. Piggybacked Smaller line are connected to a larger lines . 5. Composite Still in the R&D not approved for use yet . 6. Flexible Highly fatigue tolerant lines .
- 12. Subsea Distribution system “SPS” • It Is consisted of a group of products that provide communication between subsea controls and topside controls for all equipment via an umbilical system SDS can consist of the following building block • Subsea Distribution Assembly • Umbilical Termination Assembly • Umbilical Systems Subsea Distribution Assembly : • Distributes hydraulic supplies , electrical power supplies , signals , and injection chemicals to the subsea facilities • The access of an ROV to the SDA has to be carefully considered
- 13. Subsea Distribution system “SPS” Umbilical Termination Assembly : UTA Types of UTA : Subsea UTA Topside UTA • Terminate umbilical lines and provide one or more connections for hydraulic Chemical , electrical and fiber optic services . What does an umbilical do : • Supplies hydraulic fluid pressure for valve actuation • supplies electric power to control module • Provide control system signal communication • Provide a link to and from control system sensors • Inject chemicals into x-tree and flow lines • Allow venting of flowline and provide services function
- 14. Subsea operation “intervention” IMR • The term subsea intervention refers to all activities to be carried subsea and its divided into two types : Planned intervention “ inspection , Maintenance and repair “ Unplanned intervention “ Emergency response (valve shut down , downline operation ,…)” • Intervention philosophy shall be built focuses on the following : What kind of tasks will be done subsea What method will be used to complete these job What are the requirements to complete the interventions activities
- 15. Subsea operation “intervention” IMR Subsea Inspection : How do we inspect : Drivers Visual inspection GVI / CVI () NDT techniques ROV’S Visual inspection NDT tech Survey sensors AUV’S Visual inspection Survey sensors Surveillance Continues and target monitoring
- 16. Subsea operation “intervention” IMR Subsea Maintenances : The subsea maintenances plan should be build based on cost , risk prevention , desired outcome and return on investment , • Maintenance activities Cathodic protection system Production system Pipeline and risers Foundation Subsea Boosting Equipment Subsea separation and treatment equipment
- 17. Subsea operation “intervention” IMR Subsea Repair : Repairs are mandated when inspection or condition monitoring results indicate that the integrity of a system has been compromised , or when called for upon by fitness for service assessment . • Major Repair Method : Refurbishment Retrofit Patch Replacement
- 18. Subsea operation “intervention” IMR ROV : a remote operating vehicle which used to perform all the subsea intervention activities . • Classes of the ROV : Work Class Inspection Class • Uses of an ROV : Drilling rig support Construction support Survey & Inspection Planned intervention Unplanned intervention Site integration testing Decommissioning Repair – Beyond diver depth
- 19. To Be Continue ….
Editor's Notes
- #1: Most common company in subsea : One subsea FMC subsea Baker huges
- #13: What is the umbilical : A group of electric and or optical cables , plastic hose and steel tubes either on their own or in combination with each other , cabled together for flexibility , over sheathed and armored – if required – for mechanical strength and physical characteristics .