Can subsidies work for fish and for people?
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The document discusses the role of fisheries subsidies in promoting both overfishing and ocean sustainability, highlighting their impact on global marine employment, which involves 260 million people. It categorizes subsidies into beneficial, harmful, and ambiguous types and provides insights into the financial amounts allocated to different fisheries across countries. It emphasizes the need to address inequality in subsidy distribution between small and large-scale fisheries.
Can subsidies work for fish and for people?
- 1. Can subsidies work for fish and for people? Rashid Sumaila Fisheries Economics Research Unit Global Fisheries Cluster The University of British Columbia Vancouver, Canada r.sumaila@oceans.ubc.ca @DrRashidSumaila IIED Fish night with Sumaila London, October 17, 2018
- 3. Why ensure ocean sustainability? • Crucial for the Earth’s environmental balance & survival; • Source of animal protein for many; • Recreational, cultural & spiritual values; • Support jobs; livelihoods & incomes.
- 4. Marine fisheries employment 260 million people worldwide involved in marine fisheries, including direct and indirect sector Top 10 countries providing marine employment Teh and Sumaila (2011): Fish and Fisheries
- 5. The global ocean is under threat
- 6. Fisheries subsidies Fisheries subsidies are financial payments from public entities to the fishing sector, which help the sector make more profit than it would otherwise.
- 7. How subsidies induce overfishing MEY MSY Bionomic equilibrium (BE) Total cost of fishing effort (TC) Total Revenue (TR) Fishing effort (E) TR & TC ( $) E1 E2 E3 Max. rent TC1 TC2 BE2 BE1 TR TR & TC ($) E3 E4 Fishing effort (E) Cost-reducing subsidies Gordon Schaefer bioeconomic model
- 8. Questions addressed • What are the types and categories of fisheries subsidies? • What is the amount of fisheries subsidies provided by countries, regions & globally? • What proportion of estimated national subsidies go to small scale as compared to large scale fisheries?
- 9. • Beneficial subsidies (‘investment’ programs in fish stocks). • Harmful subsidies (‘disinvestment’ programs in fish stocks). • Ambiguous subsidies (programs may benefit or harm fish stocks). Categories of subsidies Based on work by FAO, OECD, UNEP, World Bank, WTO, UBC
- 10. Computing subsidies • Created a ‘living’ database of subsidies containing different types, for all maritime countries; • The first version of the database was published in the mid-2000s (Sumaila et al. 2006; Khan et al. 2006).
- 11. Methods: splitting global subsidies into small- and large-scale fisheries • By country and subsidy subtype; • Data categorized into 3 groups. • Assessed 74 countries (out of 147), representing 97% ($34 of $35 billion) of global total subsidies; • Remaining 3% estimated based on sub-region and subtype averages. Schuhbauer, Sumaila et al. (2017)
- 12. 26/10/2018 12 Subsidies are substantial • Capacity-enhancing subsidies 57% of total USD 35 billion • Subsidies to developed country fisheries at 65%. Sumaila et al. (2013; 2016)
- 13. Fisheries subsidies Small versus large scale fisheries Schuhbauer, Sumaila et al. (2017)
- 14. 26/10/2018 Global fisheries subsidies 14 Subsidies are made for inequality Teh & Sumaila (2011); Sumaila et al. (2013) - 50 100 150 200 250 300 Beneficial Capacity enhancing Ambiguous Developing countries Developed Subsidyperfisheryworker(USD000)
- 15. Subsidies Ocean Conservation People Fairness Positive Feedback Negative Feedback Between nations Within nations Between groups: Gender/Indigenous people Between generations
- 16. – CBC radio interview: http://oceancanada.org/about/media-coverage/ Concluding remarks
- 17. Thanks for your attention!