Superconducting fault current limiters
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Superconducting fault current limiters (SFCLs) use superconductors to limit fault currents on power grids. There are two main types - resistive SFCLs, which connect a superconductor in series that transitions to a resistive state during a fault, and inductive SFCLs using shielded cores. Resistive SFCLs are usually immersed in coolant to maintain superconductivity and heat generated during faults causes the material's resistance to increase, limiting current. SFCLs can protect entire buses, individual circuits, or tie buses without overloading transformers during faults. They provide faster response, shorter recovery, and more protection cycles than conventional limiters. SFCLs help improve power grid reliability and
Superconducting fault current limiters
- 1. Superconducting Fault Current Limiter Name- Varsha Pradhan Regd. No.- 0901106015 Branch- Electrical
- 7. Fig. ‘ Fault control with a fault-current limiter
- 9. Types of Superconductor SFCL types includes o Resistive SFCL, oInductive shielded core SFCL.
- 10. Resistive SFCL • Superconductor connected in series with the line to be protected. • To keep it superconducting, it is usually immersed in a coolant that is chilled by a refrigerator. • In case of a fault the inrush of current and magnetic field take the super conductor into the transition region, thereby the increasing resistance limits the fault current. • The behavior of resistive fault current limiter is largely determined by the length of the superconductor and the type of material used for it.
- 16. 139 kV-Class SuperLimiter Design Concept
- 17. Fault-Current Limiter Applications Fault-current limiters can be applied in a number of distribution or transmission areas Three main applications areas are • Fault-current limiter in the main position. The fault-current limiter FCL protects the entire bus • Fault-current limiter in the feeder position. The fault- current limiter FCL protects an individual circuit on the bus. Underrated equipment can be selectively protected as needed in this manner. • Fault-current limiter in the bus-tie position. The two buses are tied, yet a faulted bus receives the full fault current of only one transformer.
- 18. Fault-current limiter in the main position. The fault-current limiter FCL protects the entire bus. The most direct application of a fault-current limiter is in the main position on a bus (Fig. ). Benefits of an FCL in this application include the following: • a larger transformer can be used to meet increased demand on a bus without breaker upgrades • I2 Rt damage to the transformer is limited
- 19. Fault-current limiter in the feeder position. • The fault-current limiter FCL protects an individual circuit on the bus. Underrated equipment can be selectively protected as needed in this manner. • An FCL can also be used to protect individual loads on the bus (Fig.). The selective application of small and less expensive limiters can be used to protect old or overstressed equipment that is difficult to replace, such as underground cables or
- 20. Fault-current limiter in the bus-tie position. The two buses are tied, yet a faulted bus receives the full fault current of only one transformer. An FCL can be used in the bus-tie position (Fig. ). Such a limiter would require only a small load current rating but would deliver the following benefits: • separate buses can be tied together without a large increase in the fault duty on either bus • during a fault, a large voltage drop across the limiter maintains voltage level on the unfaulted bus
- 21. Benefits In comparison to conventional technology, HTS fault current limiters provide • Over 100 times faster response time • 10 to 20 times shorter recovery time • Time-adjustable response functions • 1000 times the number of full-power protection cycles
- 22. Conclusion • Electric power disruptions cause hundreds of millions of dollars worth of economic loss every year to the world’s leading economies. Worldwide energy demand is increasing rapidly, requiring new solutions to dramatically improve the reliability of our energy supply. • Fault Current Limiters are new devices, using the unique electrical properties of HTS to almost instantaneously protect power grids against short circuits and thereby prevent costly outages. They are a key member of a family of ultra-fast HTS devices and