Swift Tutorial For Beginners | Swift Programming Tutorial | IOS App Development Tutorial | Edureka

iOS App Development Certification Training www.edureka.co/ios-development

Topics For Today’s Session
What is Swift?
Xcode IDE
Swift Fundamentals

What is Swift?
❑ Swift is a programming language developed by Apple Inc for iOS and OS X
development.
❑ Swift adopts the best of C and Objective-C, without the constraints of C
compatibility.
❑ Swift uses the same runtime as the existing Objective-C system on Mac OS and
iOS, which enables programs to run on many existing iOS 6 and OS X 10.8
platforms.

Xcode IDE
❑ Xcode is an IDE for macOS , which contains a suite of
software development tools developed by Apple.
❑ This set of tools developed are used for developing
software for macOS, iOS, watchOS, and tvOS.

BASIC SYNTAX
White Spaces
Semicolons Literals
Identifiers
Tokens Keywords
Comments

Swift Basic Syntax
print("test!")
The individual tokens are:
print("test!")
White Spaces
Semicolons
Literals
Identifiers
Tokens
Keywords
Comments
❑ A Swift program can consists of various number of tokens.
❑ A token is either a keyword, an identifier, a constant, a string
literal, or a symbol.
Example:

Swift Basic Syntax
White Spaces
Semicolons
Literals
Identifiers
Tokens
Keywords
Comments
// This is the syntax for single-line comments.
/* This is the syntax for multi-line comments. */
/* This is the syntax for nested
/* multi-line comments. */ */
❑ Comments are like helping texts in a Swift program which are
ignored by the compiler.
❑ Multi-line comments start with /* and terminate with the
characters */ where as Single-line comments are written using //
at the beginning of the comment.
Example:

Swift Basic Syntax
White Spaces
Semicolons
Literals
Identifiers
Tokens
Keywords
Comments
❑ Swift does not require you to type a semicolon (;) after each
statement in the code.
❑ If you use multiple statements in the same line, then semicolon is
used as a delimiter.
/* Using two statements in the same line*/
var myString = "Hello, World!";print(myString)
Example:

Swift Basic Syntax
White Spaces
Semicolons
Literals
Identifiers
Tokens
Keywords
Comments
❑ An identifier starts with an alphabet A to Z or a to z or an
underscore _ followed by zero or more letters, underscores, and
digits (0 to 9).
❑ Swift is a case-sensitive language does not allow special
characters such as @, $, and % within identifiers.
Example:
Sahiti kappagantula xyz emp_name a_123
hello10 _abc y d12e8 returnVal _123_abc

Swift Basic Syntax
White Spaces
Semicolons
Literals
Identifiers
Tokens
Keywords
Comments
Keywords are reserved words which may not be used as constants or
variables or any other identifier names, unless they're escaped with
backticks.
Keywords Used In Declarations
Class deinit Enum extension Func
Let import Init internal public
typealias operator private protocol var
subscript static struct subscript
Keywords Used In Statements
break case continue default do
if else fallthrough for where
while in return switch
Keywords Used In Expressions And Types
as dynamicType false is true
nil self Self super _FUNCTION_
_LINE_ _COLUMN_ _FILE_
Keywords Used In Particular Contexts
associativity convenience dynamic didSet precedence
final get infix inout prefix
lazy left mutating none Protocol
nonmutating optional override postfix required
right set Type unowned weak

Swift Basic Syntax
White Spaces
Semicolons
Literals
Identifiers
Tokens
Keywords
Comments
❑ Whitespace is the term used in Swift to describe blanks, tabs,
newline characters, and comments.
❑ Whitespaces separate one part of a statement from another and
enable the compiler to identify where one element in a statement,
ends and the next element begins.
int age = a + b //Correct Statement
int age = a +b //Incorrect Statement
Example:

Swift Basic Syntax
White Spaces
Semicolons
Literals
Identifiers
Tokens
Keywords
Comments
❑ A literal is the source code representation of a value of an integer,
floating-point number, or string type.
72 // Integer literal
8.14659 // Floating-point literal
Hello, World!" // String literal
Example:
Integer Literal Floating Literals String Literals Boolean Literals

VARIABLES,
DATATYPES &
TYPE CASTING

VARIABLES
❑ A variable provides us with named storage that our programs can manipulate.
❑ Each variable in Swift has a specific type, which determines the size and layout of the
variable's memory.
var variableName = <initial value>
//We can also mention Type Annotations
var variableName:<data type> = <optional initial value>
Syntax:

Data Types
The Built-In Data Types are Int or UInt, Float, Double, Bool, String, Character, Optional, and Tuples.
Type Typical Bit Width Typical Range
Int8 1byte -127 to 127
UInt8 1byte 0 to 255
Int32 4bytes -2147483648 to 2147483647
UInt32 4bytes 0 to 4294967295
Int64 8bytes
-9223372036854775808 to
9223372036854775807
UInt64 8bytes 0 to 18446744073709551615
Float 4bytes 1.2E-38 to 3.4E+38 (~6 digits)
Double 8bytes 2.3E-308 to 1.7E+308 (~15 digits)

Data Types
typealias newname = type
typealias Feet = Int
var distance: Feet = 500
print(distance)
Type Inference
var varA = 42
print(varA)
varB = 3.14159
print(varB)
Type Safety
var varX = 67
varX = “Hi There"
print(varX)
Type Aliases
main.swift:2:8: error: cannot assign value of
type 'String' to type 'Int' varX = “Hi There”

Type Casting
Type Casting in simple terms is converting one data type into another data type.
let a: Int = 5679
let b: Float = 2.9999
print(“This number is an Int now (Int(b))”)
print(“This number is a Float now (Float(a))”)
let myAge = “17.5” //Convert String To Integer & Float
let myAgeConvInt = myAge.toInt()
let myAgeConvFloat = (myAge as NSString).floatValue
Example:

OPERATORS
Arithmetic Comparison Logical Bitwise
Assignment Range Misc

Arithmetic Operators
Arithmetic
Comparison
Logical
Bitwise
Assignment
Range
Misc
+ - * / %
== != > < >= <=
&& || !
& | ^ ~ << >>
= += -= *= /= %= <<= >>= &= ^= !=
Closed Range Half-Open Range One-Sided Range
Unary Minus Unary Plus Ternary Conditional

CONDITIONAL
STATEMENTS
If
If-Else
Switch

If
If-Else
Switch
If is the most simple decision making statement that decides whether a certain statement or block
of statements will be executed or not.
If
Nested If
Conditional Statements - If

If
If-Else
Switch
It is an if statement or an if-else statement within an if statement.
If
Nested If
Conditional Statements – Nested If

If
If-Else
Switch
If-else tests the condition and if the condition is false then ‘else’ statement is executed.
Conditional Statements – If…else
If-Else
If else ladder

If
If-Else
Switch
If-else-if ladder allows the user to use many if else statement within a loop and in case one of the
condition holds true the rest of the loops is bypassed.
If-Else
If else ladder
Conditional Statements – If…else…if…else

If
If-Else
Switch
The switch statement provides an easy way to execute conditions to different parts of the code.
Conditional Statements – Switch

ITERATIVE
LOOPS
For-in
While
Do-While

Iterative Loops – For-in
For-in
While
Do-While
The for-in loop iterates over collections of items, such as ranges of numbers, items in an array, or
characters in a string.

Iterative Loops – While
For-in
While
Do-While
A while loop statement in Swift programming language repeatedly executes a target statement as
long as a given condition is true.

Iterative Loops – Do-While/ Repeat-While
For-in
While
Do-While
Unlike for and while loops, which test the loop condition at the top of the loop, the repeat...while loop
checks its condition at the bottom of the loop.

ARRAYS &
Tuples

Arrays
An array is a data structure that contains a list of elements. These elements are all of the same
data type, such as an integer or string.
//Creating Arrays
var someArray = [SomeType]()
//Accessing Arrays
var someVar = someArray[index]
Syntax:

Tuples
Tuples are used to group multiple values in a single compound value.
//Declaring Tuples
var TupleName = (Value1, value2,… any number of values)
Example:
Syntax:
//Tuple Declaration
var fail101 = (101, “Values missing”)
print(“The code is(fail101.0)”) // Accessing the values of Tuples
print(“The definition of error is(fail101.1)”)
var fail101 = (failCode: 101, description: “Values missing”)
print(fail101.failCode) // prints 101

SETS &
DICTIONARIES

Sets
❑ Sets are used to store distinct values of same types, but they don’t have definite ordering as arrays.
❑ So, you can use sets instead of arrays if ordering of elements is not an issue, or if you want to
ensure that there are no duplicate values.
//Creating Sets
var exampleSet = Set<Character>()
Syntax:
Access & Modify Sets Iterate over a Set Perform Set Operations

Set Operations
a b
a b
a b
a.union(b)
a.intersection(b)
a.subtracting(b)
a b
a.symmetricDifference(b)

Dictionaries
❑ Dictionaries are used to store unordered lists of values of the same type.
❑ Swift does not allow you to enter a wrong type in a dictionary even by mistake.
VALUE//Creating Sets
var someDict = [KeyType: ValueType]()
var someDict = [Int: String]()
Syntax:
Example:
var someDict:[Int:String] = [1:"One", 2:"Two", 3:"Three"]

FUNCTIONS

Functions
A function is a set of statements organized together to perform a specific task.
func funcname(Parameters) -> returntype {
Statement1
Statement2
---
Statement N
return parameters
Syntax:
Call a Function
Functions with/without Parameters
Functions with/without Return
Values
Function Types
Nested Functions

CLOSURES &
STRUCTURES

Closures
Closures in Swift are similar to that of self-contained functions organized as blocks and called
anywhere like C and Objective C languages.
{
(parameters) −> return type in statements
}
Syntax:
These functions have a name
and do not capture any
values.
They have a name and
capture values from
enclosing function
They are unnamed closures
that capture values from the
adjacent blocks.
Global Functions Nested Functions Closure Expressions

Structures
Swift provides a flexible building block of making use of constructs as Structures. By making use of
structures once can define constructs methods and properties.
struct nameStruct {
Definition 1
Definition 2
---
Definition N }
Syntax:

CLASS &
INHERITANCE

Class
Classes in Swift are building blocks of flexible constructs. Similar to constants, variables and
functions the user can define class properties and methods.
Class classname {
Definition 1
Definition 2
---
Definition N
}
Syntax:
Inheritance acquires
the properties of one
class to another class
Benefits

Class
functions the user can define class properties and methods.
Type casting enables
the user to check class
type at run time.
Benefits
Class classname {
Definition 1
Definition 2
---
Definition N
}
Syntax:

Class
functions the user can define class properties and methods. Benefits
Reference counting
allows the class
instance to have more
than one reference
Class classname {
Definition 1
Definition 2
---
Definition N
}
Syntax:

Inheritance
Inheritance is the process of creating new classes, called derived classes, from existing classes or
base classes. The derived class inherits all the capabilities of the base class, but can add
embellishments and refinements of its own.
Sub class Super class
If a class inherits properties, methods and
functions from another class, then it is
called as sub class.
Class containing properties, methods and
functions to inherit other classes from
itself is called as a super class.

PROTOCOLS

Protocols
❑ Protocols provide a blueprint for Methods, properties and other requirements functionality.
❑ It is just described as a methods or properties skeleton instead of implementation.
protocol ExampleProtocol {
// protocol definition }
// Mulitple protocol declarations
struct SomeStructure: Protocol1, Protocol2 {
// structure definition }
//Defining protocol for super class
class SomeClass: SomeSuperclass, Protocol1, Protocol2 {
// class definition }
Syntax:

EXTENSIONS

Extensions
❑ Extensions are used to add the functionalities of an existing class, structure or enumeration
type.
❑ Type functionality can be added with extensions but, overriding the functionality is not
possible with extensions.
extension ExampleType {
// new functionality can be added here
}
Syntax:
Defining
subscripts
Adding
computed
properties.
Defining
and using
new
nested
types
Making an
existing
type
protocol.
Defining
instance
and type
methods
Provide
new
initializers.
FUNCTIONALITIES

GENERICS

Generics
❑ Swift language provides 'Generic' features to write flexible and reusable functions and types.
❑ Generics are used to avoid duplication and to provide abstraction

ENUMERATIONS

Enumerations
❑ An enumeration is a user-defined data type which consists of set of related values.
❑ Keyword enum is used to defined enumerated data type.
enum enumname {
// enumeration values are described here
}
Syntax:

Swift Tutorial For Beginners | Swift Programming Tutorial | IOS App Development Tutorial | Edureka

Swift Tutorial For Beginners | Swift Programming Tutorial | IOS App Development Tutorial | Edureka

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