System AIML use in 5G Adv Release System SBA and SBI

1. 5G Advanced and B5G Networks AI ML SYSTEM ENABLEMENT (AIMLE) SERVICE ARCHITECTURE in the context of 5G SYSTEM Service-based ARCHITECTURE, 5G SYSTEM Service-based INTERFACES 5G SYSTEM Service-based INFORMATION FLOWS Ike Alisson 2025 - 02- 09 Rev PA04

2. Table of Contents (ToC) 1. 3GPP all WGs co-ordination for integrated AI ML Functional Operation use in 5G ADVANCED RELEASEs at SYSTEM LEVEL 2. 5G System AIML Enablement (AIMLE) Service Architecture 3. 5G System (5GS) KPIs for AI ML Model Transfer at SYSTEM LEVEL 4. 3GPP 5G System (5GS) AIMLE APIs at SYSTEM LEVEL Annexes 1. 3GPP 5G Advanced Specification Rel-18 Introducing AIMLsys in 5G System CN for AIML System Capability in 2023 2. 3GPP 5G System (5GS) CN AIML enhancement with introduction of NF ReLF 3. 3GPP 5G System E2E KPIs 4. 3GPP AI ML Consistency Alignment CN, RAN, AEF across all 3GPP WGs with Common AIML Terminology 2

3. 1. 3GPP all WGs co-ordination for cohesive & integrated Functional Operation for AI ML use in 5G ADVANCED RELEASEs at SYSTEM LEVEL

6. 6 The 5G System can at least support three (3) Types of AI/ML Operations: 1.AI/ML Operation splitting between AI/ML (Network) End-points Multiple Parts according to the current Task and Environment: 1. Off-Load the Computation-Intensive, Energy-Intensive Tasks to Network End-points, 2. Leave the Privacy-sensitive and Delay-sensitive Tasks at the End Device. The Device executes the Operation/Model up to a specific Task/Layer and then sends the intermediate Data to the Network Endpoint. The Network End-point executes the remaining Tasks/Layers and feeds the Inference Results back to the Device. 2. AI/ML Model/Data Distribution and Sharing over 5G System: Multi-functional Mobile Terminals might need to switch the AI/ML Model in response to task and environment variations. The condition of adaptive model selection is that the models to be selected are available for the Mobile Device. However, given the fact that the AI/ML Models are becoming increasingly diverse, and with the limited storage resource in a UE, it can be determined to not pre-load all candidate AI/ML Models on-board. Online model distribution (i.e. New Model Downloading) is needed, in which an AI/ML Model can be distributed from a NW end-point to the Devices when they need it to adapt to the changed AI/ML Tasks and Environments. For this purpose, the Model Performance at the UE needs to be monitored constantly. 3. Distributed/Federated Learning (FL) over 5G System: The Cloud Server trains a Global Model by aggregating Local Models partially-trained by each End devices. Within each training iteration, a UE performs the training based on the Model downloaded from the AI Server using the Local Training Data. Then the UE reports the interim training results to the Cloud server via 5G UL channels. The Server aggregates the Interim Training Results from the UEs and updates the Global Model. The updated Global Model is then distributed back to the UEs and the UEs can perform the training for the next iteration. In Mobile Communications Systems, Mobile Devices (e.g. Smartphones, Automotive, Robots) are increasingly replacing conventional Algorithms (e.g. Speech Recognition, Image Recognition, Video Processing) with AI/ML Models to enable Applications. 3. 5G System use of AI/ML Split on Network Endpoints - 5G System Model Transfer

14. 2. 3GPP 5G AIML Enablement (AIMLE) Service Architecture at SYSTEM level

30. v v v v v 2. 3GPP 5G AIML Enablement (AIMLE) Service Architecture at SYSTEM level

40. 3.3GPP 5G System (5GS) KPIs for AI ML Model Transfer at SYSTEM LEVEL

43. 4. 3GPP 5G System (5GS) AIMLE APIs at SYSTEM LEVEL

59. v 4. 3GPP 5G System (5GS) AIMLE APIs at SYSTEM LEVEL

60. Annex 1. 3GPP 5G Advanced Specification Rel-18 Introducing AIMLsys in 5G System CN for AIML System Capability in 2023

61. 2. 3GPP 5G System (5GS) CN AIMLE enhancement with introduction of NF ReLF

62. 62 3. 3GPP 5G System E2E KPIs - 1

65. 4. 3GPP 5G AIML related activities across all 3GPP WGs - 1

66. 4. 3GPP 5G AIML related activities across all 3GPP WGs - 2 Common AIML Terminology

67. Remarks & Questions?

System AIML use in 5G Adv Release System SBA and SBI

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