This textbook provides an overview of optical fiber communication principles and applications. It begins with the historical development of optical fiber communications and basics of electromagnetic spectrum and optical power. It then discusses optical receivers, transmitters, and amplifiers. The textbook also covers topics like attenuation, transmission losses, optical sources, and dispersion management schemes. It includes mathematical derivations, examples, and pedagogical features like problems and review questions. The textbook is intended for undergraduate and graduate students of electronics and communication engineering studying optical fiber communications.