Table Reservation System

IS 6410-001 Summer 2017 - Systems Analysis and Design
Table for Me
Contributors:
Mayank Badjatya (u1085897)
Niharika Rajwadha (u1084739)
Sagar Singh (u1088202)

Contents
Objectives .....................................................................................................................................................3
Scope.............................................................................................................................................................4
Stakeholder Management ............................................................................................................................5
Stakeholder Analysis.....................................................................................................................................7
Target Actor ..................................................................................................................................................8
User Requirement.........................................................................................................................................9
Survey Results.............................................................................................................................................10
Requirement Analysis .................................................................................................................................13
Functional Requirements............................................................................................................................13
Non-Functional Requirements:...................................................................................................................14
Use Case Diagrams......................................................................................................................................15
Context Diagram .........................................................................................................................................16
Data Flow Diagrams....................................................................................................................................17
Use Case Diagram .......................................................................................................................................20
Use Case Scenarios .....................................................................................................................................21
User Story....................................................................................................................................................26
Future Scopes..............................................................................................................................................28

Objectives
The U.S. restaurant industry projects $799 billion in eating and drinking sales in 2017, according
to an estimate by the National Restaurant Association1. Restaurant customers appreciate the
convenience of being able to make restaurant reservations online. A study of 696 restaurant
customers found that nearly one-third had made an online reservation. Customers making
reservations online tended to eat out more frequently. Those who made online reservations
considered those reservations to be significantly more convenient than going and waiting in long
queues to get a table. Online users also thought that websites gave more information about a
restaurant. This tradeoff between efficiency and service perceptions points to a strategy of
offering reservations online. Emphasizing the convenience of online reservations may encourage
customers to use the website, and that will give restaurant operators more information about
their customers. Whether a restaurant uses a third-party reservation service or builds its own
website, one key to ensuring a successful reservations process is to make the electronic process
as straightforward as possible.
We are proposing and application that will help customers do table reservations to save time and
make it a more memorable experience. This would also benefit the restaurants by gaining loyalty
from the customer due to convenience and time saving. This application will be a simple
standalone application with ease of use. It will contain real time updates about the availability.
After booking customer gets a receipt with the booking ID. During weekends between 7 PM to
10 PM it has payment option also available due to more customers. Additionally, this application
also gives discounts to regular customers on reservations. Thus, the application will in a way also
generate more revenue for the restaurants.
1
http://www.restaurant.org/News-Research/Research/soi

Scope
The scope of this project is to build an application for reserving tables for restaurants. Through
restaurant reservation system online, user can be allowed to take reservations quickly and easily.
These reservations are completely under users’ control. The user can choose and update their
reservation as per their preference of location and time. The manager doesn’t have to maintain
a guest book anymore. The managers can see who is coming and at what time. In that they are
aware about which tables have been booked. This method also makes it easy to change the status
of a reservation once your guests walks in. Time management becomes simple. You can also
inform your restaurant staff about who has arrived as you have the information about the
customer from the database and how to take care of them. It also makes it easy to let them know
in case of cancelled reservations or no shows.

Stakeholder Management
Stakeholder Management is an important discipline that successful architecture practitioners can
use to win support from others. It helps them ensure that their projects succeed where others
fail. It is essential in any initiative to identify the individuals and groups within the organization
who will contribute to the development of the architecture, identify those that will gain and those
that will lose from its introduction, and then develop a strategy for dealing with them.
The following table provides a stakeholder map for an online seat reservation system
STAKEHOLDERS KEY
CONCERNS
COMMUNICATION SYSTEM
WHAT WHEN HOW
The
owners/shareholders/sponsors
Creating an
environment leading
to successful projects
in which performance
quality, completion
time and final costs
are within prescribed
limits and tolerances
or eliminate lengthy
delays
Information
that they want
in on project
status, issues
and risks
Every Month
Meeting /
Report
Customers Testing the new
service to see if it
meets their
expectations in term
of quality and price
and if it really satisfy
their needs.
The restaurant
name, seat
availability,
price, and
services.
Weekly Through
phone,
website and
personally visit
and through
regular
advertising
and
commercials
Restaurant Ensuring the work is
done according to the
policies and standard
quality to meet the
mission statement.
Quality of the
service and the
accurate data
about the seats
availability.
Weekly Formal
requisition
through E-
mails, phones
and any
documents
Web Designing Team Maintaining the
website, update
records, online
cancellation,
maintaining regular
To review
detailed plans
(tasks,
assignments,
Every
Day
Meeting/
Reports

list of customers,
keep track of guest
customers
reservation, response
to email and receive
feedback
and action
items).
Media Revealing the quality
of service and type of
the customers who
deal with the
restaurant besides
gaining extra money
from the advertising
and promotion
Inform about
progress and
organizational
change impacts
Monthly, or as
identified in
Communication
Plan
Electronic or
paper
newsletters,
reports, or
video/
podcasts

Stakeholder Analysis
Stakeholder Analysis is a process of systematically gathering and analyzing qualitative
information to determine whose interests should be considered when developing and/or
implementing a policy or program. A common method of stakeholder analysis is a Stakeholder
Matrix. This is where stakeholders are plotted against two variables. The Stakeholder matrix for
this online reservation system is:
Restaurant
Media
The owners/shareholders/
sponsors
Customers Web Designing Team
High
Low
Power
Interest
Low High

Target Actor
1. Name of the Actor: Customer
Responsibilities:
• Making table reservation using the existing account or membership.
• Making payment for the table reservation by using existing credit/debit credentials
filled while signing in for membership.
• Managing his/her profile if any, for example: change in credit/debit card details,
change in demographic information, etc.
2. Name of the Actor: Admin
Responsibilities:
• Managing transactions and payments from customer.
• Managing the account and membership of the new and old customers.
• Manage and update restaurant information.
• Managing the database and software requirements for table reservation system.
• Uploading the deals including discount coupons, update in rates and special festive
offers.
3. Name of the Actor: Restaurant Manager
Responsibilities:
• Managing his/her profile.
• Providing confirmation of the booking.
• Providing details about the booking.
• Adding free lots
• Adding free lots to the customer’s account as per the need.
• Removing occupied lots from the customer’s account and make it available for other
customers.

User Requirement
1. What is your age group?
2. What is your gender?
3. What kind of restaurant do you prefer?
4. On what days do you visit a restaurant?
5. How many people visit along with you?
6. Will you prefer payment for booking?
7. On an average how long do you spend in waiting for your turn for your table?
8. For what meal of the day do you prefer to a go to a restaurant?

Survey Results

Requirement Analysis
A high-level requirements specification is required. The purpose of the requirements analysis is
to identify requirements for the proposed system. The emphasis is on the discovery of user
requirements. Each requirement (or problem) must be defined and documented.
Functional Requirements
Functional requirements deal with what the system should do or provide for users. They include
description of the required functions, outlines of associated reports or online queries, and details
of data to be held in the system.
• The system supports customers booking and able to modify them. Customers can
modify/update or delete their reservation.
• When a customer search for restaurant, the search result must contain full information
(Address, Ratings, and Price) and as well as the reviews given by the previous customers.
• Only admin has the authority to add and remove the restaurant manager. Unlike
Customer, Restaurant Manager cannot register through online site.
• Each Guest Customer should be linked with a guest id and the reservation made by the
guest should be linked with this id.
• Restaurant Manager externally should be able to edit customers booking information
(even cancel booking) on the request of the customer.
• Different time-zones should be considered. System should consider time zone
synchronization when accepting bookings from different time zones
• System should only allow users to move to payment only when mandatory fields such as
restaurant name, reservation date, and reservation time has been mentioned.
• System should accept all kinds of credit or debit card. It should also have the facility of
paying through PayPal and e-wallets. System should also be flexible enough so that any
other forms of payment gateways can be added in the future.
• Customers can write reviews about hotels and apartment and rate them. System should
display these reviews transparently.
• One account cannot be associated with multiple users. There should be only one user per
account.
• Customers able to check their booking status either from their account or through the
reservation id.
• Search results should enable users to find the most recent and relevant booking options

• The system must send booking confirmation email after successful payment.
• Even reservation should be associated with the reservation id.
Non-Functional Requirements:
Non-functional requirements detail constraints, targets or control mechanisms for the new
system. They describe how, how well or to what standard a function should be provided
• System should be able to handle multiple transactions at one time asynchronously.
• The system must ensure that all the transferable data as for examples customers credit
or
• debit card number, e-payment should be done in secured connection. SSL certificates
must be use.
• The system should support all types of browsers. This system support should be
extended to mobile and tablets also.
• System should send promotional coupons or vouchers to its registered customers.
• System should use captcha and encryption in order to avoid bots from making
reservations.
• Search system should fetch results within the acceptable time limit.
• User should be helped appropriately to fill in the mandatory fields, in case of invalid
input
• Customers need to cancel the booking before 24hrs for full refund.
• System should be easy to use and navigate through.
• The down time of the site should be limited to only to that of the server.
• Online site should look pleasant and attractive, often promoting confidence in use.
There should be ease of operating an implemented design.
• All the stored payment details of the users should be usable only in authorized ways by
authorized users.
• There should be no lag in the site due to the volume of users and data.

Use Case Diagrams
Use case diagrams are usually referred to as behavior diagrams used to describe a set of
actions (use cases) that some system or systems (subject) should or can perform in
collaboration with one or more external users of the system (actors). Each use cases provide
some observable and valuable result to the actors or other stakeholders of the system
Use Case diagram symbols:
2
2
Source: http://umltutorials.blogspot.com/2

Context Diagram
It defines the boundary between the system, or part of a system, and its environment, showing
the entities that interact with it. This diagram is a high-level view of a system.

Data Flow Diagrams
DFD level 0 Diagram

DFD Level 1 diagram

Use Case Diagram

Use Case Scenarios
Use Case Name Making Table Reservation
Area Reservation Planning
Description The table reservation system will allow the
customer to make table reservation in advance to
save his time from waiting in long queues at the
restaurant. The customer can be an existing or a
new user can create an account. Two types of
payment options are available i.e., using
credit/debit card.
Actors Customer, Admin, Restaurant Manager
Triggering Event Customer uses Registration Web site, enters
UserID and password, and clicks the login button
Trigger type External and Temporal
Steps Performed (Main Path) Information for Steps
1. Customer logins directly to the system.
[Includes: new customer creates an
account and logs in]
Customer ID, Password
2. The customer will choose the table and
requests to reserve it.
Customer Record, UserID, Password
3. The system will book the table requested
by the customer and ask for the payment
only if it is a weekend or high rush day.
Confirmation Web Page
4. The customer will make the payment (if
applicable). [Extends: choose the
payment option; Extends: cancel the
reservation]
Secure Credit Card Web Page
5. The system verifies the account
information. [Includes: Denial of
confirmation due to non-availability of
credit in the card; Includes: Invalid card
information]
Confirmation Web Page, Session Record
6. The system provides the confirmation of
the reserved table. [Extends: Ask for the
method to provide confirmation number]
Confirmation Web Page, Customer Record
7. The customer gets the confirmation
number.
Registration Record Confirmation Number
Variations in success flows
1. Old customer can update the account information such as his demographics, card details and
membership status (returning or new).
2. Payment can be made using credit card or debit card.
3. Customer can also cancel the reservation, if not needed any more.
4. Confirmation can be available through text and e-mail.
Extensions or Alternative Scenarios
1. Denial in log in due to wrong information.

• The system will ask for putting correct information.
• The old customer will provide the correct information.
• The system will allow the log in.
2. No free table available.
• The system will provide alternative timings or location for making table reservation.
• The customer will select new time and new location.
• The system will book the new reservation.
3. Denial of confirmation due to non-availability of credit in the card.
• The system will ask to add some credit in the card to proceed for the payment.
• The customer will credit some money into the card.
• The system will validate the payment and provides confirmation.
4. Invalid card information.
• The system will notify for wrong information of the credit/debit card.
• The customer will update the correct information of the card.
• The system will validate the card information and provides confirmation.
Pre-Condition The customer has a valid account information
and card credentials.
Post-Condition Customer got the confirmation for the
reservation.
Assumptions Customer has a browser and a valid UserID and
password.
Success Guarantee Customer has registered for the table
reservation.
Requirements Met Allow customers to be able to register for the
reservation using a secure Web site
Outstanding Issues How should a rejected credit card be handled?
Priority High
Risk Medium
Use Case Name Update Table Status
Area Table availability
Description This use case is defining the steps for updating the
table availability which will be seen by the
customer when they login in their portal.
Actors Restaurant Manager
1. The Manager will log in to the system. UserID, Password
2. Search for available table in the
restaurant.
List of all the tables with their location in an
interacting web page
3. Update the status of the table.
4. Confirm the status of the table. Confirmation Web Page
1. Denial in log in due to wrong information.
• The system will ask for putting correct information.
• The old customer will provide the correct information.
• The system will allow the log in.

2. The manager does not have privileges to update the table status.
Pre-Condition The Manager has a valid account information and
privileges.
Post-Condition Customer got the confirmation for the
reservation.
Assumptions Manager has a browser and a valid UserID and
password.
Success Guarantee Manager has updated the table availability.
Requirements Met Allow Restaurant Manager to be able to update
the availability of the tables in the Manager
portal.
Priority High
Risk Medium
Use Case Name Create Account
Area Account
Description This use case describes how the Customer will
create an account for the system through which
he will be able to log in.
Actors Customer
1. This use case starts when the customer
wishes to create a new and unique
account for the system.
Functioning web browser
2. The system requests the customer to
enter his identity details.
Valid UserID and Password
3. The actor enters the name, address, city
and date of birth.
4. The system validates the entered details
and if they do not exist already, it creates
a new entry for that customer.
Email
5. The user is redirected to the main
website to the user dashboard.
1. If in the basic flow, the actor tries to create an account with details that has already been
created for some other customer then; the system does not let the actor do so and redirects
him to the same page again.
2. If in the basic flow, the customer tries to create account with details that are not possible say
DOB 2050 when it is year 2017, the system does not allow submitting the form.
Pre-Condition The customer does not create two accounts for
himself and no fake accounts because system will
not accept fake payment details.
Post-Condition Customer got the confirmation in his e-mail.

Assumptions Customer has a browser and a valid UserID and
password.
Success Guarantee Customer creates an account.
Requirements Met Customer gets a valid UserID and account.
Priority Medium
Risk Medium
Use Case Name Cancel Reservation by Customer
Area Cancelling booked reservation
Description This use case describes how the actor (Customer)
cancels the reservation.
Actors Customer, Manager
Pre-Condition The customer has a valid account and he also has
a confirmation number.
Post-Condition The customer cancels the reservation.
1. Customer logs in using the secure Web
server.
UserID, Password
2. Customer clicks on My Bookings button
on his dashboard.
Customer record, Session Record
3. Customer clicks on the Cancel button
next to his booking (Confirmation
number) he wishes to cancel.
Cancellation web page
4. Cancellation webpage is displayed to
confirm the cancellation along with the
list of reasons for cancellation.
5. The Customer and Manager gets a
cancellation confirmation on their
respective emails.
1. If in the basic flow, the actor has not mentioned required details, the system will prompt to
enter those before clicking Login.
2. The actor might click on the wrong booking.
Pre-Condition The customer has a valid booking.
Post-Condition Customer and Manager got the cancel
confirmation in their e-mail.
Assumptions Customer has a valid booking.
Success Guarantee Customer has successfully cancelled the booking.
portal.
Priority High
Risk High

Use Case Name Cancel Reservation by Manager
Area Cancelling booked reservation
Description This use case describes how the actor (Manager)
cancels the reservation if the customer does not
show up in 15 minutes after the booking time.
Actors Manager, Customer
Pre-Condition The Manager has a valid account and he also has
a confirmation number.
Post-Condition The Manager cancels the reservation.
1. Manager logs in using the secure Web
server.
UserID, Password
2. Manager clicks on Current Bookings
button on his dashboard.
Booking record
3. Manager clicks on the Cancel button next
to the booking (Confirmation number) he
wishes to cancel.
4. Cancellation webpage is displayed to
confirm the cancellation along with the
list of reasons for cancellation.
5. The Customer and Manager gets a
cancellation confirmation on their
respective emails.
1. If in the basic flow, the actor has not mentioned required details, the system will prompt to
enter those before clicking Login.
2. The actor might click on the wrong booking.
Pre-Condition The customer did not arrive and has a valid
booking.
Post-Condition Customer and Manager got the cancel
confirmation in their e-mail.
Assumptions Customer has a valid booking.
Success Guarantee Manager has successfully cancelled the booking.
portal.
Priority High
Risk High

User Story

Future Scopes
After taking the survey, we found out following observations:
• 83.3% of the people prefer dinner time and 50% lunch time as the best time to go to the
restaurant.
• 80.9% of the people prefer to go to a restaurant in Saturday followed by 63.8% on Friday.
• 70.8% of people surveyed do not want to wait more than 15 minutes for their table.
Keeping these things in perspective our project targets these audiences and provide following
enhancements:
• We can add more restaurants that offers a dining and lunch.
• Adding special offers on Saturday and Friday to get more customers.
• In case there is any requirement of shifting a booked table to some other time due to high
influx of people or some other circumstances, the new booking time should shift by not
more than 15 minutes.

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