Tabloski ch05 lecture

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THIRD EDITION
CHAPTER
5
Nutrition and Aging
Copyright © 2014, © 2010, © 2006 by Pearson Education, Inc.
All Rights Reserved

Learning Objectives
1. Classify the normal changes of aging
in body composition and digestion,
absorption, and metabolism of
nutrients.
2. Differentiate between normal and
disease-related changes in risk factors
for undernutrition in older persons.
3. Identify normal nutrition requirements
of the older person.
Gerontological Nursing, Third Edition
Patricia A. Tabloski

Learning Objectives
4. Analyze the causes and consequences
of undernutrition in the older person.
5. Evaluate tools and parameters used to
assess nutrition status.

Learning Objectives
6. Develop appropriate nursing
interventions and treatment for
nutrition-related problems of the older
person.
7. Compare current dietary approaches
to chronic disease in the older person.

Introduction
• Predictable changes can place older
persons at a disproportionate risk of
undernutrition, or malnutrition,
compared to younger adults.
• The wide spectrum of well-being in the
older person presents nutritional
challenges along a continuum.

Normal Changes in Aging
• The normal aging process can result in
biological changes that may place the
older person at risk of malnutrition.

Changes in Body Composition
• Lean muscle mass diminishes with
aging.
• Increase in body fat occurs.
• Bone mineral density commonly is lost
with age in both men and women.

Oral and Gastrointestinal Changes
with Aging
• Multiple changes may occur with age in
the regulation of both appetite and fluid
status.
• There is a prevalence of constipation in
the older person.
• Aging blunts the thirst mechanism.

Sensory Changes
• Age-related changes in vision, hearing,
taste, and smell can have a negative
impact on nutrition.

Social and Economic Changes
Affecting Nutrition
• Social isolation, loneliness, loss of a
spouse, or bereavement can introduce
additional influences that can alter
adequacy of diet.
• Changes in socioeconomic status may
occur.

Box 5-2 Nutrition-Related Changes Associated With Aging

Nutritional and Disease-related
Health Changes
• Many chronic diseases that affect older
persons have nutritional implications
for the disease and its treatment.

Nutritional Requirements and
Aging
• The older person has some unique
nutritional requirements due to the
physical and functional changes that
occur with aging.
• The Modified MyPyramid makes overall
recommendations for individual food
groups to provide sufficient energy and
nutrients together.

Nutritional Assessment
• Both undernutrition and overnutrition in
the older person can affect quality of
life, morbidity, and mortality.
• Assessment of nutritional risk factors
for undernutrition should be routinely
incorporated into the routine health
screening of the older person.

Nursing Assessment
• Nutritional screening and assessment
tools exist to streamline the
incorporation of nutritional status into
routine healthcare processes.

Common Nutritional Concerns in
the Older Person
• Unintentional weight loss
• Medical nutritional therapy for chronic
diseases

Nursing Diagnoses
• Imbalanced nutrition
– Less than body requirements
• Imbalanced nutrition
–More than body requirements
• Deficient knowledge
–Related to diet
• Noncompliance to diet

Box 5-6 Causes of Unintentional Weight Loss

Box 5-6 (continued) Causes of Unintentional Weight
Loss

Box 5-8 Nutritional Interventions for Undernutrition

Box 5-8 (continued) Nutritional Interventions for Undernutrition

Patient and Family Teaching
• Gerontological nurses require skills and
knowledge related to teaching patients
and families about the key concepts of
gerontology and gerontological nursing.

Tabloski ch05 lecture

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