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- 2. Read and analyze the following quotes I am free, no matter what rules surround me. If I find them tolerable, I tolerable, I tolerate them, if I find them obnoxious, I break free because I know I alone am morally responsible for everything I do. – Robert A. Heinlein
- 3. The really important kind of freedom involves attention, and awareness, and discipline, and effort, and being able truly to care about other people and to sacrifice for them, over and over, in myriad pretty little unsexy ways, every day. David Foster Wallace
- 4. Freedom is not advanced in the permissive society, which confuse freedom with license to do anything whatever and which in the name of freedom proclaim a kind general amorality. It is a caricature of freedom to claim that people are free to organize their lives with no reference to moral values, and to say that society does not have to ensure the protection and advancement of ethical values. Such an attitude is destructive of freedom and peace. Pope John Paul II
- 6. 1. How is freedom defined in the quotes? 2. Which idea regarding freedom is acceptable to you? 3. If you were to make your own definition of “freedom” what will it be?
- 8. Freedom or Liberty – a social and political concept which has great significance in how people participate in society.
- 9. -Emerged as an important philosophical issue in 18th – century Europe during the Age of Enlightenment. -Intellectuals pondered on the origins of society and the state and the nature of human freedom.
- 10. - Enlightenment thinkers believed that early man existed in a “natural state” and had absolute freedom. -However, the established of societies required people to surrender some of their freedoms in order to live in harmony with others and ensure the survival of society.
- 11. - In stablishing society, people entered into a “social contract” which defined the freedoms that they will be enjoying as members of a society and the state. Freedom in a political and social context means the freedom of an individuals from oppression, compulsion, or coercion from other persons, an authority figure, or from society itself.
- 12. Political freedom consists of two type of liberties. Positive liberty refers to a person taking control of his or her own life and fulfilling one’s potential. Negative liberty is freedom from external restrain, barriers, and other inferences from other people.
- 14. LIBERALISM – upholds the preservation of individuals rights and stresses the role of the government in protecting civil liberties. - Believes that the individual, not the government, is the best judge in upholding and exercising rights.
- 16. SOCIALISM considers freedom as the freedom to acquire economic responses and the ability to work and act according to one’s desires. Person’s Rights 1. Natural rights 2. Legal rights
- 18. Natural Rights – refer to rights which are innate in the person such as the rights to life. Legal Rights – are rights that are base on society’s customs and laws, and are enacted by legislation and enforced by a government.
- 19. Theological Views - Defines freedom as freedom from sin and living a life of righteousness. Christians defines freedom in the context of living in accordance with the will of God.
- 20. What makes us free? How does freedom shape our experience? Human Agency – refers to the capacity of a person to act and exert control over his or her behavior. Free will – which is the capacity to choose from alternative courses of action or decision
- 21. Free action – the freedom to perform an action without any obstacles or hindrances. Faculties model – refers to free will as the use of our mental faculties. - It assumes that we have free will due to intellect and that each human action is based on rationality and sound judgement.
- 23. Hierarchical model argues that free will is based on human wants and desires. Wants and Desire - A person exercises free will when he identifies one desire as acceptable and decide to act on it.
- 24. A newly-graduated high school students who decides to pursue either Engineering or Medicine in college is exercising free will. Should he choose Medicine, he must want to become a doctor.
- 25. Reasons-responsive view – believes that man has free will because he is able to entertain reasons not to enact a certain decision and act upon them when the need arises. Ex: A person decides to cross the street but sees a car rapidly approaching. He or she exercise free will by choosing not to cross the street and allow the speeding car to pass.
- 26. What can prevent us from exercising our freedom Constraints on free action include external obstacles such as: 1. Prohibitions 2. Laws 3. Social controls
- 27. External factors that may restrict free action includes: 1. Weather 2. Accidents 3. Poverty Constraints on free will includes certain methods that cloud a person’s judgement such as manipulation and brainstorming.
- 28. If a man is indeed free, how can he exercise his free will and action in a world where events are already determined by outside forces?
- 29. Free will being exercised in a deterministic scenario is how people deal with things that are “outside their control”
- 30. Factors to consider: 1. Influence in society 2. Socioeconomic situation 3. Culture 4. People 5. Community
- 31. Marxist Philosophy believes that society imposes certain controls on people, and that a person’s social group largely influences how he think or acts.
- 32. Moral Responsibility – refers to a person’s status of deserving praise and reward, or blame and punishment for an action.
- 33. Christian doctrine establishes that all good, moral actions will result in rewards such as blessing and salvation, while evil deeds merit punishment both in this world and in the afterlife.
- 35. 1. Which do you believe is more important – individual freedom or the general welfare of society? 2. In what situation can freedom be “abused”? In those cases, would it be acceptable to restrict those freedom? 3. How can we use our free will to ensure that actions are morally responsible?
- 41. 5. believes that society imposes certain controls on people, and that a person’s social group largely influences how he think or acts.
- 42. 1. Positive liberty 2. Negative liberty 3. LIBERALISM 4. Human Agency 5. Marxist Philosophy
- 44. Research on an issue or recent event in the news and analyze it using the concepts and perspectives on human freedom.