Tang 04 reactions - intro- addition 2
- 3. ORGANIC REACTIONS 5 Types of Reactions 1. Addition Reactions 2. Substitution Reactions 3. Elimination Reactions 4. Condensation Reactions 5. Oxidation Reactions
- 4. ADDITION REACTIONS 1. Addition Reactions These reactions involve a double bond becoming a single bond by the addition of two groups of atoms. H2C=CH2 + XY H2XC–CYH2
- 5. ADDITION REACTIONS a) Halogenation (Br2 or Cl2) Room temperature b) Hydrogenation (H2) Heat, pressure c) Hydrohalogenation (HBr or HCl) UV light or heat d) Hydration (H2O) H2SO4
- 6. ADDITION REACTIONS More Vocabulary alkyl group – side-chains of Cs aryl group – side-chains of phenyl
- 7. ADDITION REACTIONS a) Halogenation Each C across the double bond receives a halogen atom. Room Cl Cl temperature H2C=CH2 + Cl2 H2C CH2 Room temperature Br Br H2C=CH2 + Br2 H2C CH2
- 8. ADDITION REACTIONS a) Halogenation Halogenation results in the formation of an alkylhalide.
- 9. ADDITION REACTIONS b) Hydrogenation Similar to halogenation, except each C receives an H. Pt H2C=CH2 + H2 H3C CH3 Heat Pressure Pt HCΞCH + 2 H2 H3C CH3 Heat Pressure Catalyst CH3OH HCOH + H2 Heat Pressure
- 10. ADDITION REACTIONS c) Hydrohalogenation HBr or HCl is added across a double bond. UV light H2C=CHCH3 + HCl or heat H Cl H Cl H H H C C C H or H C C C H H H H H H H Which one is the main product?
- 11. ADDITION REACTIONS Markovnikov Rule The H atom goes on the C that already contains the greatest number of H’s. H Cl H UV light H2C=CHCH3 + HCl or heat H C C C H H H H
- 12. ADDITION REACTIONS c) Hydrohalogenation Hydrohalogenation results in the formation of an alkylhalide.
- 13. ADDITION REACTIONS d) Hydration This method of addition also follows the Markovnikov rule. H2SO4 H OH H HCH=CH-CH3 + H2O H C C C H H H H
- 14. ADDITION REACTIONS d) Hydration Hydration reactions result in the formation of alcohols.
- 15. ADDITION REACTIONS Example #1 a) CH3CH2CH2C(CH3)=CH2 + H2O OH H2SO4 + H2O Here is the mechanism:
- 16. ADDITION REACTIONS Example #1 b) Draw structural diagrams to represent an addition reaction of an alkene to produce 2-chlorobutane. H H H Cl H H H C C C C H + HCl H C C C C H H H H H H H H H
- 17. ADDITION REACTIONS Example #1 b) Draw structural diagrams to represent an addition reaction of an alkene to produce 2-chlorobutane. H H H Cl H H H C C C C H + HCl H C C C C H H H H H H H H H This works as well
- 18. ADDITION REACTIONS Homework p27 #1 - 3