Teaching and learning materials

TEACHING
AND
LEARNING
MATERIALS
Presented by:
VICENTE R. ANTOFINA, JR.
Mobile Teacher III
Head, ALS Cluster IV

Definition
• Teaching materials are the aids used by the
facilitator to help him/her in facilitating his/her
lesson effectively.
• Learning materials are the aids used by the
learner to help him/her learn effectively.
• Both teaching and learning materials can be big or
small.
• The teaching and learning materials can be bought
or made easily by both the facilitator or learner

PURPOSE AND IMPORTANCE OF
TEACHING LEARNING MATERIALS
• make lessons interesting
• make learning easy
• help learning (i.e. what has been learnt) to remain in
the minds of the learners for a longer time.
• help the facilitator to deliver his/her lesson
successfully and easily.
• enable the facilitator to express intended concepts of
learning effectively.
• are things and ideas which are usually familiar to the
learners.

KEY POINTS
• TLMs can be found locally and are, therefore,
cheap.
• TLMs are usually easy to carry (i.e. portable).
• TLMs should be simple and adaptable to the local
situation/conditions.
• TLMs enable everyone in a CLC to participate
actively.
• TLMs help learners to relate what is being taught
to real life situations.

TYPES OF TEACHING AND
LEARNING MATERIALS
• Maps
• Charts
• Diagrams
• Books
• Overhead
projectors/
transparencies
• TV and Videos
• Slide projectors
• Blackboards/chalkboards
/flip charts
• Chalk/ felt pens/markers

KEY POINTS
• There are many different types of teaching and
learning materials that can be used by both the
facilitator and the learner.
• Many of these can be found locally.
• Some are expensive while others are relatively
cheap and can be produced by the learners
themselves

STRATEGIES OF USING TEACHING
AND LEARNING MATERIALS
• Teaching becomes interesting when the learner
uses reasonably sized teaching aids which can
be seen easily by the trainees.
• Nobody in the learning group should strain their
eyes to see what has been written on the
board/flip charts.

KEY POINTS
• A strategy is the most effective way of doing
something.
• It should be the best method when compared
with other alternative methods.
• Strategies can be developed/improved upon
after closer interaction with the learner

STRATEGIES FOR EFFECTIVE USE OF
TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS
• The learners must be able to handle the TLMs
themselves.
• There should be a variety/wide range of TLMs.
• Use teaching and learning activities that lead to the
achievement of the lesson objective(s).
• Make full use of teaching and learning materials.
• Adapt TLMs to suit the learners’ ability, background and
CLC situation.
• Integrate two or more teaching methods or approaches
into the design and use of TLMs.
• The learners should be able to decide which TLMs to use
for which learning strand.
• Every learning strand should have relevant TLMs.

KEY NOTES
• The TLMs must be used often.
• Learners must be familiar with the TLMs.
• Each learners must always have an opportunity
to handle the TLMs.
• Much as the TLMs are there to enable the
facilitator to teach well, they are also there to
ensure the trainee learns well.
• TLMs are important to both learner and
facilitator.
• Proper use of TLMs facilitates learning.

TESTING EFFECTIVENESS AND USEFULNESS
OF TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS
• A lesson is more effective and useful to the
learners when teaching and learning are done
with the help of things that can be seen, heard
and touched.
• A lesson delivered without teaching and learning
aids can be boring to the learners.
• TLMs encourage nearly everyone (i.e. trainees) to
participate.
• TLMs make lessons enjoyable and memorable.

IDENTIFYING THE NEED FOR DEVELOPING NEW
• Making your own visual aids/TLMs means you do
not have to depend on other organizations or
people for TLMs. It is also a better way to learn to
discover new information as well as to ensure that
the TLMs are relevant to the needs of the learners.
• TLMs made by users themselves are less costly.

IDENTIFYING THE NEED FOR DEVELOPING NEW
• They are usually developed to suit the trainers and
trainees’ objectives of teaching and learning,
respectively.
• Planning TLMs helps the users to think about the
information in different ways
• Ensures active participation by the learners.

IDENTIFYING VARIOUS TYPES OF
• Identifying/making your own visual aids provides
• knowledge to both facilitator and learner
• enough TLMs in every lesson for every learner.
For example, the following TLMs in Numeracy and
Communication Skills can be made locally:
Numeracy- abacus number, chart number stories
Communication Skills - language chart, activity sets

KEY NOTES
• Locally made TLMs can easily substitute
expensive ones which are not readily available.
• Developing skills in making various types of TLMs
reduces dependence on other people’s skills.
• Ability to identify various types of TLMs makes
facilitators and learners adapt to any classroom
situation.

IDENTIFYING RESOURCES REQUIRED FOR
MAKING TEACHING AND LEARNING MATERIALS
• Identifying local resources for making TLMs will
help users to begin planning the materials they
will develop and use to make some such as
charts, maps, diagrams and models
• Local resources are easily available
• Local resources can also be free or obtained at
low cost

IDENTIFYING OF RELEVANT TARGET GROUPS
TO MAKE THE LEARNING AND TEACHING
MATERIALS FOR
• Identifying the right users will help you to design
TLMs that can make the learning process easier
and appropriate both for the learners and the
facilitators. It is always important for the
facilitators to have in mind a specific target group
who will use the TLMs,
• Involve the identified target groups in planning
and developing TLMs

PLANNING AND DEVELOPMENT OF
• Knowing the type of TLMs, the user, length of
lesson and the method to be used to deliver the
lesson effectively will make it easy for you to
decide the type and size of TLMs you need to
design.

DEVELOPING TEACHING AND
LEARNING MATERIALS
• Choose topic/s
• Make a plan
• Identify the resources available

PRE-TESTING OF TEACHING AND
LEARNING MATERIALS
• Assessment of TLMs may be done in brief
classroom conferences or discussions.
• Facilitators should GAIN confidence in their TLMs.
They should also accept review comments from
their colleagues.

EVALUATION AND REVISION OF
• use the materials in the actual teaching and
learning session with an actual group of learners.
• This will make them see the need for updating or
revising their TLMs

CARE OF TEACHING AND
LEARNING MATERIALS IN THE CLC
• Care is the precautionary measure taken before something happens
• Care of TLMs means looking after TLMs properly.
• Looking after TLMs could include the following
- covering of books
- use of cupboards
- washing of hands before handling books
- avoiding putting inks in books
- avoiding use of books near or while handling food
- putting away TLMs after use
- correct storage of TLMs, e.g. upright or rolled up.
- keeping TLMs away from sources of water, e.g. leaking roofs.

KEY NOTES
• TLMs make lessons lively and interesting;
therefore, this asset must not be impaired by
damage.
• TLMs ensure understanding of lessons.
• Facilitators and learners should always ensure
that TLMs are mended/repaired when they are
slightly torn/damaged.
• Learners should always handle TLMs delicately.

Teaching and learning materials are not a
complete method of teaching but an aid to
learning.

TLMs are not necessarily required in all lessons.

Too many aids in one lesson may distract attention
from the main subject of the lesson and can take
much of the learners’ time.

TLMs should be adapted to the understanding and
level of the class.

TLMs should be relevant to the subject of the
lesson.

Do not use pictures when trainees can see and
handle the real things, e.g. a real leaf is better than
pictures of a leaf.

Do not leave TLMs on display for too long.
When the class loses interest in them, they will no
longer serve their purpose.

Make new TLMs each year.
This creates the trainer’s interest and interest
among the learners.
.

Reference:
• Chand, Donald H., et. al. Teaching and Learning
Materials Analysis and Development in Basic
Education. UNESCO. Paris: 2000
http://unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0013/001320/
132019eo.pdf

Teaching and learning materials

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