Teaching, Learning, And Transformative Learning

Teaching, Learning, And Transformative Learning
"At the heart of adult learning is engaging in, reflecting upon, and making meaning of our
experiences, whether these experiences are primarily physical, emotional, cognitive, social, or
spiritual. In much of our understanding of adult learning including the foundational work in
andragogy, self–directed learning, and transformative learning, an adult 's life experiences generate
learning as well as act as resources for learning (Merriam & Bierema, 2014)." When considering my
beliefs about experience and the role it plays in our learning, I believe, much like Merriam and
Berea do, that experiences are at the heart of learning. I believe that each individual is the sum total
of their life experiences and that each person learns from those experiences, whether good or bad.
To expand on this idea, Dewey said that "every experience lives on in further experiences." He went
on to explain that since these experiences live on in us, a person needs to select carefully what they
will experience in the present knowing the future ramifications. The need to select carefully is best
explained by the term mis–educative experience, where an experience can leave a person so upset,
angry, or bitter, learning cannot occur from the experience (Dewey, 1961). "The resource of highest
value in adult education is the learner's experience (Dewey, 1961)." I believe this statement by
Dewey to completely true and of the utmost important for learners of any age. Experience is what
drives a person to
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Learning Strategies For Vocabulary Learning
Unfamiliarity with Other Existing Strategies for Vocabulary Learning
At the end of the interviews, I asked the participants if they knew of other kinds of strategies apart
from the ones they had already mentioned, and whether they were familiar with all 42 items of
vocabulary learning strategies presented in the questionnaire they had completed (in the quantitative
phase of the mixed methods research design). Some of the participants' perspectives on this are
reflected in the following excerpts. Aziza, for example, stated:
[Excerpt 32] I use only these strategies because I like them. Most of the strategies in the
questionnaire lists are new for me, and I have never used them before.
When I asked Aisha, she admitted:
[Excerpt 33] Honestly speaking, I do not know most of those strategies. I have not seen them before.
Therefore, I only use these strategies because they are very common and widely used among the
students. At the high school, teachers taught us how to use a dictionary...[That] was the method that
they showed us.
In another interview, Ali acknowledged:
[Excerpt 34] Honestly, I do not know other kinds of vocabulary strategies, and this is why I am only
using the ones that I am familiar with. The teaching experience of the Libyan teachers at the high
school was very limited. They did not teach us other strategies. They often used translation more
than other kinds of strategies, but when I started studying at the university, my English skills
improved because we

Learning Theories
Instructional Setting The teacher is teaching in a small country public school in Crane, Missouri.
The class sizes are small, and there are approximately 45 students in each grade. Crane is a Pre–K–
12 school, and all grades are on the same campus. The teacher teaches first grade with
approximately 17 students in my class. The classroom that this student was in has the student sitting
in small groups with centers all around the classroom. Some of the centers are word art, writing
using the word wall, there is a reading center and a math center. The classroom has visual aids such
as the word wall and picture cues to help the students with their writing. The student is eight years
old. The student has already been retained ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Another reason this is beneficial is the teacher is able to reflect on the lesson, and the teacher will
become a better teacher form the reflection. They concentrate on immediate observable behaviors
(Robler, 2003). When students demonstrate the desired situations the behaviorist reinforces the
students (Robler, 2003). The Constructivist learning theory focuses on learning through experiences
and hands on activities. Constructivists believe that students learn better by students learning the
material themselves rather than learning the material from a teacher (Ertmer, & Newby, 1993).
Through personal experiences, when the teacher provides hands on activity the students have a
better understanding of the material being learned. An example of this is if a teacher was teaching
students about how much salt is left in the water from the sand run off the teacher would have the
students put sand and salt on a cookie sheet. Then the students would pour water on the sheet as the
cookie sheet is on a 45–degree angle. The teacher would then place the runoff on a bunsen burner.
The teacher will give the students resources help them while they are setting their goals (Ertmer, &
Newby, 1993). The students in a constructivist classroom work in cooperative or collaborative
learning groups (Ertmer, & Newby, 1993). The students are assessed through authentic

Learning Behind Learning
Learning behind the learning, or soft skills, is something that I feel I am in a continual quest to
improve upon. These are the things that a teacher does to pull students into conversations, into the
community, into the learning. There are so many soft skills needed in order to create a learning
environment where students feel safe, valued and comfortable enough to take risks that it often feels
overwhelming as a teacher. Add to that the fact that each group of students is different and every
individual's needs are their own, and you have a pretty heady task ahead of you!
I have found that I have to take it slow. In my masters studies I had the fortunate opportunity to
learn one piece of pedagogy at a time. This made it possible to enact and tweak that piece for a
semester. This provided me time to become comfortable enough with the practice to make it my own
and it allowed my students the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
My students have spent so many of their learning years being told what to think, how to solve a
problem, and procedures to do so, that I have to be comfortable in the silence sometimes. I have to
practice my own cardinal rule of wait time which means I may be counting in my head at times
waiting for them to think and participate! I have noticed that my sixth grade students attack noticing
and wondering without abandon. They jump right into the talk moves and are eager to share their
thinking. This leaves me wondering if it is because they are younger and less impacted by peer
pressure and adolescent hormones than my seventh and eighth grade students. I am thankful that
they will be mine for two more years and I will be able to continue to challenge them to think,
notice and wonder! These skills go so much farther beyond my classroom walls, and if they can
learn to approach life thinking, noticing and wondering, then there is no obstacle that will stand in
their way for

Learning Process For Teaching And Learning
L2
FL
Environment
Natural setting
L1 and L2
High level
L2 outside of classroom
Unnatural setting
L2 only
Low level
L1 and L2 outside of classroom
Culture
From the class, social media, communication with local people
From the teacher and the environment
From the class, social media
From the teacher
Process for leaning L2 or FL The goal of each learner, time for learning(how much time they take
for leaning), and the learning process( how they are taught and the progress of learning) are different
in L2 and FL learning each other.
L2
FL
Goal
1) Get a better job
2) Continue my university studies
3) Travel abroad
4) Acquire new ideas and open up new horizons
5) Become adapted to new times
6) Carry out advanced ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Degree of motivation in the classroom and performance
5 = very high 4 = high 3 = indifferent 2 = low 1 = very low
–interest, attention, effort, persistence, dedication, pleases
Types of motivation

–classroom, results, performance, grade, punishment, influence from others
Source of motivation
–materials, desire class, situation exercises, the quality, the way
Motivation potential of the L2/FL as a subject
– mathematics, foreign language, history, sciences, arts, music, physical Education, literature
physics, geography, computing, religion, chemistry
Motivating effect of teaching learning situations
Indicate to what extent the following happens to you:
5 = always 4 = frequently 3 = sometimes 2 = little 1 = never
–teacher encouragement, reward, praise, easiness and challenges of the class, corporative works, self
evaluation, teacher speaks L2/FL, visual aid
Frequency of external motivational factors in the classroom Indicate the frequency with which the
following occur. Use: 5 = always 4 =

Formal Learning And Informal Learning Essay
Learning is the process of gaining knowledge about various issues that affects our lives and
wellbeing. The learning takes place each and every day of our lives at any place and time. There are
two ways in which learning takes place. There is the formal learning and informal learning. In most
cases, the formal learning is got from various learning institutions which indeed have set rules and
regulations on how the running takes place. Various tests are set to help in gauging whether the
student is ready for the next learning sequence or not. Institutions therefore has a bigger influence
on formal learning and development of these students. On the account of the informal learning, this
takes place within our social context. This form of learning is based on the societal norms and
beliefs of various communities across the world. The teaching of the culture and norms that any
society holds dear are indeed made possible through informal learning. Here, there is no need for a
classroom which would mean that they can be done any place either a house, under a tree or as
people interact in the societal setting. This paper looks into the impacts that the societal and
institution constraints have on learning processes of various individuals. It gives much attention to
the factual connotations of how these two sets of learning have impacted on the growth and
development of various students across the world. Notably, this research uses the connotations from
two articles that dwells on

Kinesthetic Learning
A diverse amount of studies have been conducted in finding the best ways for a child to learn such
as learning from peers, or scaffolding techniques. The numerous ways a child can learn offers that
children have different preferences when it comes to what method of instruction is most adequate
for them (Pashler, 2008). Pashler (2008) suggests that some children are simply visual, auditory, or
kinesthetic learners, which infers that the use of senses plays a major role in the way a child learns.
Stein and Steele (1976) suggest that some children are reflective or impulsive learners, which
distinguishes the difference between thinking and not thinking before making an action. Biggs
suggest that some children are surface, or deep learners, which ... Show more content on
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A child that learns best using visuals operates under the meshing hypothesis. This means that
whenever a visual learner is presented with new information, it intertwines with his or her own
natural habits or tendencies (Pashler, 2008). There is a possibility that visual learners can also
correlate best with verbal learning and that verbal learners can correlate best with visual learners
without the meshing hypothesis (Pashler, 2008). Auditory learners must have information read to
them or voiced to them in order for them to learn new material. For example, a student that can sit in
class without taking notes and only listens could store up to 75 percent the new material (Pashler,
2008). A kinesthetic learner learns by using their hands and physically working with ideas. A
kinesthetic learner will have major problems just sitting at a desks listening to lectures or watching
videos (Pashler, 2008). Kinesthetic learner learns while being interactive, so a teacher would have to
implement hands on activities within their lessons (Pashler,

Learning ( Pbl ) And Work Based Learning
In our global economy, industry demands dynamic, adaptable and innovative workers to remain
competitive. This presents a challenge to educational institutions on two fronts. Firstly to keep pace
with this requirement and secondly to equip their learners with the required skills and knowledge
that will enable them to either remain within this environment or to enter it.
Two approaches to learning that benefit individuals and meet this challenge are Problem based
learning (PBL) and work based learning (WBL). Both approaches are learner centred, motivating
learners to become self– directed.
PBL originated in Canada in the late 1960's underpinned by constructivist view. Developed for
medical students it became a widely used tool for learning (EE and Tan 2009, Hmelo–Silver, 2004).
In her paper Hmelo–Silver (2004) discusses the process of PBL, its methodology and the goals it
can achieve for both the learner and the facilitator. But a significant criticism of PBL relates to the
context in which it is delivered. As PBL is within a classroom environment it does not fully address
other concepts required in adult learning situations such as political, social or historical influences
(Foley, 2004).
The early form of WBL is the apprenticeship. The apprenticeship, a word derived from the French
verb "apprendre", meaning to learn, can be traced back to ancient Egypt (Rorrison, 1988). This
concept of teaching a craft has developed to meet the growing need for a highly skilled and

Applying Learning Theories Of Learning
Applying Learning Theory to Life
PSY 331
Catherine Vivi
Ashford University
Instructor: Steven Peters
February 9, 2015
Applying Learning Theory to Life
Epistemology, or in other words, the theory of knowledge, is the study of knowledge, what it is, how
we acquire it, and our justifiable beliefs that are included in that study. Generally, the study of
knowledge is done through a philosophical method. There are four basic theories of learning; those
are behaviorism, cognitivism, constructivism, and humanism; this paper will address these four
theories of learning, in addition, we will address principles of learning, schema and scaffolding,
adaption, metacognition, and strategies to ensure learning success.
The term behaviorism refers to the school of psychology founded by John B. Watson. Behaviorism
theory is based on the idea that behaviors can be measured, trained, and changed. In D. A.
Lieberman's book Psychology of learning (2012, Ch. 2.3), he states, "Watson believed that
psychologists should be concerned with overt behavior rather than the hidden processes of the mind,
and he argued for a greater concern with practical applications". This this theory believes that all
behaviors are acquired through conditioning. Behaviorism attempts to measure through observation
of behavior, using the observations to control behavior through conditioning.
The term cognitivism refers to the school of psychology based on how the brain processes
information and memory. Cognitivism

Theories Of Learning
This essay will endeavour to identify the main theories and principles of learning and
communication. Examining how to plan and apply them in the classroom to enable inclusive
learning and evaluating one's own strengths in relation to the application of the principles and
theories of learning and communication to identify any personal development needs.
What is learning? Reece, Walker (1999) state learning is about change, whether it is purposeful or
accidental it means understanding something new or developing a new skill, maintaining learning is
a relatively permanent change. Many would argue the primary purpose of the teacher is to ensure
learning occurs. It therefore seems important that teachers have an understanding how the ... Show
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Palardy (1991) suggests behaviour modification techniques ignore the causes of behaviour. Minton
(2005) argues behaviourism fails to take into consideration motivation and attitudinal change,
arguing it is largely robotic if students are not taught to think for themselves as they will not know
how to apply the knowledge outside their field of tuition.
The later Neo behaviourism theorists, extended the stimulus and response theory and gave extrinsic
outside motivators a key role and focused on voluntary rather the involuntary behaviour. Skinner
(1968) used the famous rat in a box experiments to identify that learning is accelerated by
reinforcement. He found that the most important stimulus is not an antecedent (that that follows a
response) but a consequence (that that triggers it). Consequences are most likely to influence future
behaviour. Learning is how voluntary behaviour is strengthen or weakened by antecedents and
consequences therefore learners are conditioned by a process known as operant conditioning.
Skinner (1968) believed a teacher can shape learner behaviour to get the outcome they desire.
Tolman (1949) believed we can understand behaviour by examining an entire sequence of varied
activities. He believed learning fits into a pattern and reinforcement is not necessary for learning to
take place, arguing particular behaviour leads to particular consequences therefore teachers must
consider what leads to what?

Play Based Learning : A Context For Learning
Play–based learning has been defined as "a context for learning through which children organise and
make sense of their social world as they engage actively with people, objects and representations"
(DEEWR, 2009). Playing is one of the most important parts of a child's development phase. The
characteristics of play include active where children use their bodies and minds in their play,
communicative where children will share knowledge of their play with others, enjoyable where they
will be able to have fun, meaningful as plays help them to build and extend their knowledge and
sociable and interactive as when playing they will need to interact with others. Playing also allows
children to interact with adults and this exchange of ideas between children and adults in play
contexts influence children's continued motivation in the experience. As children develop, the skills,
values and knowledge they have gained from plays will provide the foundations for the next phase.
There are considerable benefits of play for children's learning across all areas of learning. Play is
often associated with the development of intellectual skills and understanding. In play experiences,
children integrate emotions, thinking and motivation that boost effective brain functioning. Children
often use their imagination when playing and this enables them to develop complex cognitive or
intellectual processes. The development of cognitive skills, including dispositions for learning,
memory and thinking

Learning Styles: Visual And Kiesthetic Learning
From the reading of week 8 Lecture 1 "Learning Styles", I agree with the second sentence in the last
paragraph, where it says that people can be a combination of more than one learning style. I feel that
I learn from both a visual and kinesthetic learning. First, I like illustrations that incorporate the use
of pictures and diagrams, it helps to stimulate my mind and aids in understand of what is going on.
Frequently write things down that I feel is important and want to remember later, as well as see
demonstrations of how things are done to understand them better. When I am doing my course work
I have to go to my office at home facing the opposite direction of the window, as the window in the
room is a huge distraction for me. Often I use

Continuity In Learning
"Good–quality teaching depends on effectively planned lessons" (Ofsted, 2011). A high demand in
preparation of lesson planning is therefore required for an effective teaching and learning because
there needs to be a development in continuity and progression in children's learning. The curriculum
should be structured in a way that it supports learning so that continuity takes place and that is
something that is organised by the teacher (Wellington, J. and Ireson G,2008). Continuity being a
relationship between experiences, activities and ideas which a pupil will comes across over a period
of time. (Braund and Driver,2005) states that those relationships should be facilitated in the
educational system and structured so that there is sufficient ... Show more content on
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When planning the sequence of lessons, it is important that pupils can link knowledge and use it in
situations that are more complex so that they can employ advanced thinking skills (Wellington, J.
and Ireson G, 2008). Ofsted reports (June 2002) evaluated the effectiveness of transfer arrangements
for pupils' age 11. It mentions that there is an abiding weakness of the education system when it
comes to continuity in the curriculum and progress in learning as pupils shift to secondary school
from primary schools. In that case, I will take sufficient account of what pupils had learnt in
previous key stages by looking at the National curriculum, so that I can give them clear advice on
how to improve their work further, as well as familiarising myself with the specification AQA
examination board (Bassett et al,2013) . Research has been done which is in agreement that in the
lack of awareness of progress previous made, it caused pupils to resent, because teaching became
repetitive (Braund, 2008). I agree because once pupils lose interest, they will start behaviouring
inappropriately and therefore make insufficient

The Importance Of Cooperative Learning And Learning
Introduction Great facilitators' implement effective learning by introducing and perfecting different
instructional lessons to meet the emotional, social, and academic needs of all their students.
Research into teaching practices allows educators to customize learning for every one of their
students. Today's classrooms, students work both independently and in groups to demonstrate what
they have learned. Learners now have choices over how they summarize their understanding of the
lesson material. The teacher paces the lesson based on the students understanding and needs,
providing appropriate learning experiences for different learners providing a path to reach all
learners in the most effective way. This paper will explore 'Cooperative Learning', 'Learning by
Teaching', and 'Flipped Classroom' as just a few of the numerous ways educators can explore new
and effective forms of disseminating educational material and instruction. Teaching Practices
http://www.co–operation.org/what–is–cooperative–learning/ Cooperative Learning. Cooperative
Learning. Cooperative learning is a teaching method in which small groups with different levels of
ability, use a variety of learning activities to improve their understanding of a subject. Each team
member is responsible for learning the material, but also helping other teammates learn. How Does
it Work? Cooperative learning is working together to accomplish shared objectives. Individual
outcomes benefit themselves and

Aural Learning Versus Visual Learning
The main goal for any teacher is to have their students learn as much as possible in the time that
they are in the classroom. There are many possible ways that students can learn, and in the public
school, some teachers use most of the ways. Two of these ways of learning are visual learning and
aural learning. Many of the teachers in the school use these two types of learning and they seem to
be very effective. Another way of helping kids learn is to relax and not have a lot of tension in the
classroom. Sometimes the teachers will talk about life problems with the students and what it is like
after high school and that is what kids need. It takes their minds off of everything happening around
them in the room and makes them think, and also learn, about what may happen after high school.
Learning should be made fun and should have to incorporate visual and aural learning in it because
it makes kids understand things easier. ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
It is a very effective way of learning because the student gets the opportunity to actually visualize
something that he or she might have trouble comprehending. For example, if a teacher of a
construction class talks about a circular saw but never shows it to the students, then the students
might have some trouble finding it, and using it, when the time comes. If the teacher had just shown
them how it works instead of trying to explain it to them, then the students would have been far
better off and would have known how to use the tool from the start. It is such an effective way of
learning because the student not only gets an explanation of what something does, but he or she also
gets to see what something

Service-Learning
In Service–Learning and Academic Success: The Links to Retention Research, Dan Simonet puts
forth the idea, that students more involved in their learning benefit socially and academically. His
writing uses a formal approach to inform educators about the ways that Service–Learning can
improve the academic success and retention of their students. Explaining one of the advantages for
educators, Simonet suggests that service–learning can be a tool to help create "positive
relationships" with their students (1). Simonet uses climax to organize and present his evidence,
providing various examples of research throughout the article, to further the claim that service–
learning increases student retention and bolsters their academic success.
Students

The Learning Approach For Learning
i. At one time or another, in an individuals' working life, they will be expected to learn about at least
one aspect of operations the of the company in which they are employed with. Burns (1995, p 99)
'conceives of learning as a relatively permanent change in behaviour with behaviour including both
observable activity and internal processes such as thinking, attitudes and emotions.' Learning is
defined by the Oxford Dictionary as 'the acquisition of knowledge or skills through study,
experience or being taught.' Therefore, if we are to take into consideration these two viewpoints, we
can deduce that there is more than one approach to learning. The learning approach used will vary
due to several factors which can include the size of the ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Despite the benefits which go along with coaching, it has proven to be quite time consuming as the
coach sometimes fall behind on other mandatory responsibilities. The issue of dependency
sometimes may also arise as the new team member, depending on their personality may feel
reluctant to work independent of the coach. Therefore, for this reason organizations can choose to
take into consideration the learning style of the new employee as Honey, P & Mumford, A (1982)
are of the view that there are four classes of learners; the activist, reflector, theorist and pragmatist.
(DEFINE PRAGMATIST)
Paris, K., & Mason, S. (1995) states that 'job shadowing is a work experience option where students
learn about a job by walking through the work day as a shadow to a competent worker.' Shadowing,
similarly to coaching most times utilizes a more senior employee who is competent in business
operations. Unlike coaching it is not as time consuming and it is the person who is being shadowed
who completes tasks whilst the individual who shadows most times merely observes. However, this
form of learning approach may be more suitable for students or interns who are not expected to
produce or reproduce these job related tasks within the company as this type

Service Learning : Teaching And Learning
Service Learning
Service Learning is defined as a teaching and learning method that allows students to integrate with
the community. It is an idea to learn, experience and improve oneself while interacting with other
foreign students. Through this experience, we can acknowledge different perspectives, values and
diversities between two countries. For my service learning, I engaged in international events held at
KCC, such as International Game Week and International Fair. Through these experiences and
obstacles that I encountered along the way, it impacted the way I associate with others, which
includes my behaviors, my manner, and my attitudes. I will also pass on the great virtues of
Confucius.
This society consists of many people from different backgrounds and cultures. At certain activities,
students are required to cooperate with one another. My service learning project is to assist
international students to know about other cultures. The International Game Week was held at the
library. At this event, my job was to organize a game and invite students to play. I had to learn how
to play the game and be able to teach it to others. As an assistant, when there is more than one
student, I would let the students play while communicating with them. The purpose of this event
was not about winning prizes, but to enjoy the activities and make new friends from different
cultures and backgrounds.
At the International Fair, my job was to organize a Chinese cultural table along with

Teaching, Learning, And Learning
The learning process is a highly complex one – no two children will learn in the exact same way. It
is, therefore, important to understand how young people learn in order to use effective teaching
strategies in the classroom which, in turn, will result in effective learning (Hallam & Ireson, 1999).
There are a variety of different ways to learn and different theories underpinning it, this essay will
consider three different learning approaches – behaviourism, constructivism and social
constructivism, the change in teaching style from a traditional, didactic manner to an active
approach and look at two different pedagogies – cooperative learning and outdoor learning, mainly
fieldwork, that can be used to aid and support learning in Geography. Following this, the essay will
argue how effective pedagogy can aid the teaching of one key aspect within the Geography
curriculum, in this case Weather, and how this can be taught through the two pedagogies discussed
in this essay.
Teaching and learning traditionally followed a behaviourist approach. This theory considers the
learner to be tabula rosa (a blank slate), thus, people learn through experience whereby a positive or
negative experience will create a certain response or behaviour, therefore, learning from reward or
punishment. It is the change in behaviour that enhances learning. This theory places the learner in a
passive role and the teacher decides on all aspects of the lesson, subsequently, giving the learner
little choice

The Importance Of Learning In Supporting Teaching And...
A key factor through all the stages of PE is allowing pupils to progress through the steps whilst
developing their skills in order to widen their knowledge. This is why the role of the teacher is to
'consider activities in terms of difficulty and quality and to give children opportunities to plan and
evaluate their own performance' (Hopper et al, 2000, pg. 117). This illuminates the idea that
throughout the key stages, the difficulties of the tasks should be increased whilst allowing students
to focus on the key points of the skill being learnt.
Throughout their education, but in particular in the foundation stage, 'children will progress at
different rates' (Chedzoy,1996, pg. 47) due to them being exposed to new skills and activities which
... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
One of which is competition as Griggs (2012, pg. 71) brings to our attention that 'games can provide
excellent opportunities for pupils to work cooperatively and competitively' emphasizing the
importance of using games throughout the games curriculum, whether it be a full game or a simply
game like activity. By bringing the added element of competition to the lesson, allows for the
children to strive to be better than the other team, therefore enabling them to progress.
Another key factor is the self–esteem of the pupils as Mawer (1995, pg. 121) promotes the idea that
as a teacher we can 'maintain a positive learning environment through the development of pupils
self–esteem'. Thus suggesting that if pupils have confidence within themselves then they will have a
better time of learning therefore aiding progression, due to the pupils believing that they can achieve
great

Nature Of Learning: An Essay On The Nature Of Learning
Nature of Learning
Learning is primarily the process of acquiring skills, knowledge, values, attitudes etc. It enables the
individual to learn good habits and brings progressive modification in behaviour. From the above
given definition, it is understandable that the process of learning has distinctive features. These are
as follows:
[i]–It is universal phenomenon: Learning is a process which is experienced by all the living
creatures. Man brain is the most complex system which enables him to learn and acquire new skills,
habits and behaviour from the childhood.
[ii]– It occurs through experience: It is acquired through some personal or impersonal experiences.
Life experiences help an individual to become better human being as it provides ... Show more
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Life is very complex and each day is different. It demands an individual to alter his behaviour
according to the situation in order to tackle it. It is a lifetime process which begins from birth and
continues till death.
[iv]–It brings change in behaviour: It involves some modification or alteration in behaviour. The
change in behaviour can be good or bad but usually learning implies an improved behaviour.
[v]–It involves an adjustment: It enables man to adjust himself effectively to the new conditions. It
helps children to modify, adapt, and develop their unique nature and later on individuals can adjust
his nature according to the situations.
[vi]– It brings relatively permanent change: It ensures that learned knowledge or skills acquired by
an individual have a long lasting change in his behaviour. Any change which temporarily occurs in
an individual does not amount to learning.
[vii]–It is tool for growth and development: It is a process that brings growth and advancement in
the human behaviour. It helps an individual to grow professionally and personally.
[viii]– It is not directly observable: It is a phenomenon which is can be studied only through
observable behaviour. It can be reflected only in the behaviour and performance of an

Learning Theory : Transformational Learning
The author Mezirow (1991) describes Transformational Learning as "an attempt to redress an
apparent oversight in adult learning theory that has resulted from a failure to recognize the central
roles played by an individual's acquired frame of reference, through which meaning is construed and
all learning takes place, and by the transformations of these habits of during the learning process"
(p. 4). In correlation to leadership, based upon experience and acquired knowledge, transformative
learning is part a system of self–synchronicity. As a leader, a person should be guided by ethics,
values, and beliefs that undergird their work. In understanding, this establishes and facilitates
effective operations in an integrity–filled manner for everyone to understand.
First, in leadership, I believe it is necessary to adequately understand the components of the learned
helplessness within us, that causes passion towards a need. Through understanding our own process
of unconsciousness and the experiences we participated in, transpires for a greater understanding of
the problem and its depths. This enables a better perception towards the problem, to be remediated.
Leadership and transformative learning is an objective that involves the culture, that may also be
insulated against future help and remediation. "Other characteristics are also ascribed to attitudes,
the most common being their emotional tone. Attitudes are always accompanied by some positive or
negative feeling, and

Cooperative Learning And Cooperative Learning
I believe every learner is exceptional and gains knowledge in their own unique way. Well, one
learner may learn best visually, another may learn best kinesthetically and then another may learn
best verbally. Therefore, you shouldn't restrict yourself to teaching in just one way either. It is
imperative that you approach a concept in various ways and give the learner several opportunities to
explore the concept. I believe that the student should take ownership in the learning process and the
teacher should be a facilitator of knowledge in the classroom. Therefore, the teacher should assist
the learner to their highest potential and encourage them along the way and give them prompt
feedback. Learners should collaborate together to build upon their prior knowledge and share their
ideas and hypothesizes on various concepts. I believe the learner should be evaluated on a
competence based model.
A cognitivism theory that aligns with my belief statement is cooperative learning. Cooperative
learning is where students work in small groups on a common task or project while the teacher acts
as a facilitator (Coffey, 2017). In my belief statement I stated, learners should collaborate together
and build upon their prior knowledge, this is the core of cooperative learning.
A behaviorist theory that would coincide with my beliefs in prompt feedback. Behaviorist believe in
conditioning and rely completely on reinforcement (Weibell, 2011). The experimenter or teacher
directly controls

Learning Reflection
What is learning? Learning can be many things and it is not the same for everyone. Everyone sees
learning in their own way. To me learning is always powerful. It is being able to adopt new
knowledge or new skills. But learning is more then just gaining new skills, learning is also about
modifying the skills you have already and reinforcing what you already know. My views on learning
have changed since I started this class, before I thought that learning was only making new skills or
adding to skills you already have but no now my view on learning is much more then that. Now I
know that it is possible to learn in different ways. I also know that everyone learns in their own way
and that everyone has a unique learning pattern. I am a Dynamic Learner. What this means is that I
require intentional effort to switch from one learning pattern to another. I use my Technical
Reasoning most my score in this was 28. I use Technical Reasoning everyday when I am bored I like
to take things apart just to see how they work. I like using this pattern the most it is the best way for
me to learn is hands on. I also use Sequence a lot when I am doing woodwork this is due to keeping
things in order. My sequence score is 21 and I like using sequence along with technical reasoning to
keep my work in order and neat. My Precise score was 22 and I do not use it as much as I should. I
do know in up coming classes I will be trying to use this more and ask more questions so I know
what I am doing

Supporting Learning Activities and Assessment for Learning
Assignment 4 – Supporting Learning Activities and Assessment for Learning
QUESTION 1
1a) Explain how a learning support practitioner may contribute to the planning, delivery and review
of learning activities
Introduction
Helping in activities would be delivery, if you pass on ideas, observations or suggestions that would
be contributing to planning.
Do you give feedback to your teacher about how the sessions went?
The teacher use s that information to inform their planning, so you contribute that way.
Whenever you talk to your teacher about what went well or what aspects of the children struggled
with you, you are making a contribution because it helps the teacher plan the next step, so without
realising it you are contributing to ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
In an informal discussion between myself and the class teacher we would determine our roles
throughout the activities, what teaching styles will be used to match the needs of the individual
children or groups. Discussing the individual children and preparing to provide additional support
ensuing all needs are met, any barriers that may become apparent during the lesson can be overcome
without fuss.
Having discussed the activities beforehand gives me the opportunity to explore the activity ensuring
that I am confident in using the materials, to familiarise myself with new equipment, making sure
that it is age appropriate and that it can be adapted and made simpler for the pupils that may need
extra support and help.
Having discussed what activities we would be doing in the classroom it is then my responsibility to
prepare the classroom ready for the lesson, this would be done either before the children arrive or
when the class teacher gathers the children on to the carpet area where she will discuss the activity
with them, what it involves and what is expected of them.
1c) Explain how social organisation and relationships may affect the learning process
Introduction
Within schools, children are put into groups in order to give them the best learning potential and for

their learning to be appropriate for their age and level of understanding. Some children can be easily
distracted, so would work

Personal Learning Environment And Learning Environments
The Challenge I chose was Advancing Personal Learning. Personal Learning is the tailoring of
curriculum and learning environments by learners or for learners in order to meet their different
learning needs and aspirations. Before I go into the details of why I chose this topic, it is important
to know what Personal Learning Environments, a current form of Personal Learning, actually are. A
Personal Learning Environment (PLE) are systems that help learners take control of and manage
their own learning(Wikipedia). These systems are centered on the user, and are tailored to each
individual to allow them to set their own learning goals, manage the process of taking in content,
and to help them learn to communicate with others. Since these PLEs are user–specific, it is
significantly harder to carry out on a large scale, but after they are able to be implemented, it is a lot
easier to coordinate and manage from a supervisor or teacher perspective. There are already
examples of more broad forms of PLEs, such as iGoogle, Edline, and Moodle. These examples are
more general and will work for most people because what each person does with the access to
material and content is up to them. However, I believe that personal learning can be advanced to
greater heights than that.
I chose the topic Advancing Personal Learning because I think learning is by far one of the most
important things in life. Societies rely on each individual's contributions to the community, and if
everyone has

Questions On Learning And Learning
Education goal is to help learner to apply the knowledge and skills learnt in a situation to facilitate
achieve or solve other situation. For instance, in abstract learning, students who have been taught
how to solve the addition problems in Math should be able to apply that learning in multiplication
problems. The ability to apply previous learning in new situation defines as Transfer of learning.
More general definition is "carrying over knowledge, skills, understandings, attitudes, and habits of
thinking from one learning situation to another" (Johri, 2005, p. 145).
The Transfer of Learning occurs in different situations; educational scientists classified the
differences depending on the quality of transfer to; Positive, occurs when learning in one situation
improve learning in another situation. Negative, occurs when learning in one situation prohibited the
learning in another situation. Lateral, occurs when learning in one situation employed at the same
level in new situation. Vertical, occurs when learning at one level improve the learning at a higher
level. Near, occur when previous learning is transferred to a situation similar to the previous one but
not identical. Far, occurs when skills and knowledge needed to achieve a situation is different from
the previous one. Low, occurs spontaneously when practice a learning in different situation. High,
occurs when learning needs lots of critical thinking, abstracting ideas and connecting principles to
be applied. Many

Facilitation of Learning
ill look at how my role as a mentor can facilitate learning and promote effective assessment in
practice and also explore my role to support the students who are failing. The Nursing and
Midwifery Council (NMC 2008a), defines "the role of a mentor as someone who facilitates learning,
supervises and assesses learners in practice setting." The mentor is a key support to students in
practice, this is where students apply their knowledge, learn key skills and achieve the required
competence for registration. Mentors are accountable to the NMC for their decision that students are
fit for practice and that they have necessary knowledge, skills and competence to take on the role of
registered nurse or midwife (NMC, 2008a). According to Morton ... Show more content on
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An additional part of the mentor's role is that of accountability. When any work is delegated to a
student who is not yet registered with the NMC, the mentor is accountable. They must ensure that
the individual who undertakes the work is able to do so in a competent manner and make sure that
they are given appropriate support and supervision. Stuart (2007) states that the areas a mentor is
accountable for are

Teaching / Learning Strategies For Learning
When knowing different strategies for learning, the student feels confident to explore, and mistakes
most likely are to be minimized and engagement increased. Lessons and activities that enhance and
support learning are teaching /learning strategies that when cooperatively done contributes to a
lifelong learning/knowledge. Students ' skills activities allow me to provide feedback that can be
shared and/or discussed by the whole class increasing learning. Opportunities lead to sharing that
leads to learning. By literally teaching the vocabulary/material learned in the classroom I increased
my ELLs understanding on the subject being taught and gave to all my students the opportunity to
grow into the new material.
Group activities help with gathering the knowledge to learn the content given. These strategies help
students to be more explicit as well as instigate participation. The students were using the
knowledge acquired in the classroom in order to perform the football skills. Hands on activities
(very helpful when teaching ELLs and LEPs) is a fundamental tool, especially in Physical Education
classes, to promote and enhance students learning. It also engages ELL and LEP students into the
activity easily because it is a very visual activity that clarifies, engages, and promotes learning.
When performing the skills in groups, students had the opportunity to assess their own knowledge of
the material given. When throwing and catching a football, they were able to perform the

Observational Learning
Observational learning is when learning happens by observing other people's actions. Observational
learning involves cognitive processes such as attention, motor skills, motivation, and memory. For
observational learning to take place the person who is observing the behavior needs to be paying
attention to it in order to learn it. Another important part of observational learning is being able to
remember the behavior that you saw, so you can repeat it. As well as being able to remember the
behavior the person also needs to be able to perform the behavior for observational learning to
occur. Motivation plays a role in observational learning because you have to want to do the action
for a reason. All these things are important in ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The examples from my life are just a very small bit of the different ways observational learning can
be used. There are four important parts to observational learning, attention, memory, motor skills,
and motivation. Without one of those important parts, observational learning is unlikely to be
successful. The most basic things people do, are learned through observational research.
Observational learning is an important part of everyone's

Learner And Learning At An Autism Learning Center
Learner and Learning: The learner and learning standard was addressed by doing a case study on a
student in our field placement classroom and also by covering the importance of collaborating with
families. During this course, I worked at an autism learning center. Some of the students are non–
verbal, so 95% of the lessons have to be tweaked in some way for these students. We (the teachers)
also spend a little more time working with their parents to get a better understanding of how these
children communicate. For example, one student will start pacing when he needs to have a bowel
movement. Because he is not potty trained and on a special diet, it's best to just let him pace. He will
stop pacing when he is done. This is something that is great to know in order to prevent aggressive
behavior (if we try to make him work during this time) and also to prevent messes (changing him
before he is done). We have also learned from his mom that he has started approximating some
number sounds and humming what sounds like the "ABC" song at home. This tells us he is
"present" and retaining some of what we are working on in class. We have not seen these behaviors,
so working with mom has been a great encouragement to us.
For this standard, I would place myself at the acceptable level. This was my first term in a
classroom, so I am still new to this. I have a lot more to learn, but I am learning and growing and
will continue to do so. My goal for developing greater proficiency is to spend

Learning Styles And The Learning
According to the researchers, the experiential learning is the best way to teach the students. They
said that the knowledge process is made with the help of transformation and the series of
experiences (Peter, 2010). Later on, the researchers showed that the learning styles is the collection
of the characteristics, the ways of gathering information, organizing information and thinking about
the information.
It is an examined fact that the people's learning style includes all the things they know, acts they do,
facts they believe in and the way they perceive information (Hayward Andres, 2015). The studies
show that all the types of people have their own learning styles and their types of getting
information is also different from each ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
On the other hand, some learning styles and techniques help the students to target on the weak areas
in which they need recovery and improvements.
The cycle of learning helps the student nurse to adopt new skills and get information about the latest
products and the information. The learning process contains 4 important steps. These steps are the
identifications of the needs, the requirements of learning, the design of the learning, delivery of the
learning courses and programs and the learning evaluation.
First of all, the identification of the needs for the learning process is very important for the student
nurses. Why do they need to study? What is their main aim to get education? What is the purpose of
the study and many other important questions are considered under this point. On the basis of the
need identification, the further process continuous.
The next point is the consideration of the learning requirements. These requirements should include
all the important things that are required things that are used in the learning process (Velma Lee,
2011). For an example, the student nurse should use the audio and visual aid to get the information.
Nowadays, with the advancement of the technology, people also refer different applications to the
student nurses to get information. All these are the requirements of learning process for the student
nurses.
Generally the design of learning is decided by the teachers

Traditional Learning: The Benefits Of Online Learning
The demand of learning is growing larger and larger because of the development of the economic.
With the enlarging needs of learning, online learning appears to give not only students but also
teachers a chance to perform better in learning. Online learning provides more free time and space
to both two parties while traditional learning strictly demands both parties participate in the same
time and at the same place. What's more, online learning may enhance the students' comprehensive
ability, especially in critical thinking which is a very essential capacity to success but the traditional
learning cannot build. Finally, online learning can build more confidence for students and will make
it easier to get promoted in the following lives. In ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Online learning is available not only on computers but also on many kinds of mobile electronic
products. Students can search for the course through their mobile phone and learn it whenever they
want to. Traditional learning takes both teachers and students a large amount of time to stay together
to just deliver some basic theories. In other words, students can place more time to comprehend the
theories or they can get other relevant course to comprehend the knowledge more comprehensive.
Last but not least, online learning students can also get through the content over and over again as
they missed during the lecture. (Hassan) Traditional learning are based on professors' lectures,
students have to catch up with the professor otherwise they may miss the knowledge because they
even do not know which part of knowledge they have missed so their professor can't answer their
questions. But online learning are records of the professors' lecture, students can pause and review
to where they have missed the knowledge and they can easily build up their knowledge structures.
So online learning may be better than traditional

Learning Organization
Learning Organization: Answer to Organizational Growth
Introduction
Organizations are established to fulfil various needs of the people. The organizational objectives
could be achieved via the organization's growth–oriented mechanism which is inevitable in today's
competitive world. However, the most important factor which needs to be taken into consideration
towards achieving the objective is the people or staff members who directly have impact on the
productivity of the product or services. Negative behaviour such as absenteeism and high turnover
rates will increase the production cost and adversely affect the productivity, thus affecting the
overall organisational growth.
Organizational Behaviour
Organizational behaviour is a ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
Essentially, it's by feedback from their customers. This can be either in a form of messages written
or electronically sent to the hospital's management. This is also the very reason, some organization
have customer's satisfaction program, which the organization organize regularly.
The process of creating the conditions for a learning organization and of challenging long–held
assumptions will itself begin to integrate the five disciplines as presented by Peter Senge in his book
" The Fifth Discipline".
1. Personal Mastery
Personal mastery, as defined by Peter Senge, is "the discipline of personal growth and learning."1 It
is more than just competence and skills or spiritual growth. It is about creating a desired future and
moving toward it. People with high levels of personal mastery are skilled at creating a personal
vision and accurately assessing their current reality with respect to that vision. The gap between
current reality and personal vision propels them forward. This gap is often referred to as "creative
tension." Personal mastery is about generating and sustaining creative tension and living
comfortably with that tension.
There are few characteristics of those individuals that recognized to have high level of Personal
Mastery. Firstly, they have a special sense of purpose or calling. They know how to accurately
assess the current reality and quickly recognize inaccurate assumptions. These individuals also

Learning : Articulating Your Learning
Articulating Your Learning: At the beginning of the semester, I had thought of mental health as a
simple term that defined a person's well–being. However, after taking this course, I have been
exposed to different perspectives on the term mental health by watching videos, hearing my
classmates own lived experiences, and learning about the DSM–5. The first new perspective that I
have gained from this class is the logistics of someone's mental health, in which a person's mental
health would be diagnosed. Through the DSM–5, we as professionals can better understand a
person's state of mental health as we review the criteria for certain disorders. It also allows us to
educate ourselves on the different disorders that may not be familiar. In ... Show more content on
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I know that I'm the type of person who needs a direct answer in order to find a solution. But like the
book of Anatomy of an Epidemic, that was just one way in which someone viewed medicine for
those with a mental illness. Throughout the entire book, Whitaker supports his claim of the
downfalls of using medication to battle mental illness. After reading the book, I was really
convinced that it was true. However, other videos that were shown in class showed different
perspectives on how medication actually helped a person with a mental illness. I even found out that
my mom has depression, and feels like her medication has helped her out a lot. Overall, I think that
this book and this course has taught me to not only keep an open mind about the clients that I may
have, but I also need to remember to keep an open mind about different ways in which help can be
directed to different people.
"It's not good to assume that you would do different or 'better'" None of us really knows what we
would do" – As a social worker, I'm going to be working with clients that may have dealt with a
situation in a way that I wouldn't. However, my thoughts about how I would handle a situation is
irrelevant and in the past. This is one thing that I should remember as a social worker. If I tell a
client how I would have handled the situation differently or 'better', it would only further put shame
on the client and may even make them feel like they're a failure. My job as a social worker is

Learning Changes Students ' Learning Essay
Collective learning changes students' learning style to a more effective way. With the combination of
technology and in–class group activities, collective learning as an educational method becomes
more fun and acceptable. Duke University brought the iPod as an academic device and use for the
educational experiment to all first–year students. The iPod inverts the traditional role of music
player into a useful study tool. Students can not only listen to music, but also use the iPod as an
academic device to share knowledge and communicate with others. People from outside Duke
University can also have the access to these shared documents, which makes everyone have the
same opportunity to learn. In Project Classroom Makeover, the author Cathy Davidson introduces
the use of the iPod for an educational experiment for collective learning, which brings out the idea
of crowdsourcing. Crowdsourcing is a group of students will share their ideas and solve the problem
together, which is one way of collective learning. At Duke University, the introduce and widespread
of collective learning have enhanced the education into a higher level; whereas, collective learning
has played both positive roles and negative roles in education. Positively, collective learning makes
students regain the interest of studying and improving students' social skills, which would increase
the likelihood of students to success in the future; however, negatively, students might over–relying
on other students'

Transformative Learning : Transformational Learning
Joseph Cardello
May 13, 2015
Learning paper Draft
Dr. Franklin Tuner
Kean University
Transformative learning overview
Thinking is something we all do on a regular basis. The process of using our minds to create ideas
make all of our decisions or to remember our earlier experiences. Our minds are complicated
structures that we have yet to understand. One man has a theory of learning as an adult and his name
is Jack Mezirow. Mezirow was concerned in adulthood learning and began to interpret his theory of
Transformative learning. There are two main components of transformative learning. The first is
critical reflection and the second is critical disclosure according to Mezirow his transformative
learning theory is based on previous learning experiences (İZMİRLİ, 2014). According Newman in
2014, Adult learning development is more critical thinking and self–reflective. Adult learning
education is the ground work for learner to realize these capabilities by developing their skills
insights and help them apply these skills. Mezirow believes teachers must help their students on
their journey to learn these skills (Newman, 2014). The teacher must be Intune to the emotions of
their students during their learning and pick out there speed to achieve Mezirow learning theory
Newman states. The teachers must also trying to coerce their students into becoming a more of a
critical thinker. The instructor must also help to discover these skills, by helping achieve their

The Four Learning Methods In Aid Of Learning
Learning Assets
In considerations for the various new techniques that have been added to the classroom in aid of
learning, the four learning assets I have chosen to infuse are the lecture, videos, discussion/blogs and
a test/ quiz component. The vision is that the setup will improve operations and enhance learning.
The current LMS is supported by the technical department on staff. The video embedding will avoid
trainees and students from having to hyperlink to another page and working through expired links or
browser issues.
The lectures will be recorded, so they will be able to be viewed off site. The lectures for the most
part will be synchronous, with breaks for note taking and a question and answer period. The dialog
will not be ... Show more content on Helpwriting.net ...
The goal is for the lecture to be a synchronous event. Happening at the various sites at a set time.
The other components would be asynchronous. Giving individuals to go over the material in a more
remote setting that may work better for them, yet still giving them access to the instructor if they are
unclear about any part of the material. Nian–shing (2006) explains that synchronous learning
environments, "provide savings in terms of time and cost, in many situations they can also
outperform both asynchronous online instruction and traditional face‐to‐face". The hope is that the
flexibility and options would prove helpful for the learners. Just like the video and discussion, the
test portion being asynchronous would allow for the learners to operate under their best elements
and results would be best then rather forcing all learners to operate under the same mechanism.
Goals
By the end of the training sessions members of His and Her should be able to:
1) List vision and mission of the company.
2) Create concise and effective lesson plans.
3) Pass all modules on compliance & requirements for students with disabilities classrooms.
4) Be familiar with workplace behavior and guidelines
5) Display a firm understanding of First Aid and Safety measures.
A simple blog or discussion would suffice for our first two curriculum objectives. The individuals
would just need to show their comprehension of these, not

Customized Learning Theory And Learning Theories
Customized Learning Theory Paper: Final
Charyse Williams
Liberty University Introduction Over the 8 weeks in this class, I was able to learn in full detail
unique techniques about the different learning theories. Since every individual learns differently, it is
important to gain a understanding on all the different types of learning styles and struggles so that
the learning environment can run as smoothly as possible and better insure academic success.
During this final paper, there will be a number of topics discussed. These topics will cover how I
personally found a better understanding of my customized learning theory. First, I will go over the
Learning Theory and its' importance. Secondly, I will give a description of an effective teacher and
learning environment. Next, I will discuss the different learning characteristics. Finally, I then will
give my personal reflection on all the different things I was able to learn during this course. All of
these four sections helped build a better understanding on how to be a more effective educator. Most
importantly, I gained a better understanding how to build better rapport with students who have all
different learning styles and ways of thinking. While managing a classroom, it is highly important to
make lessons that will be appealing to the students that you are teaching interest. This will increase
engagement and academic learning. As research in the classroom and education and in general is
continuously conducted,

Teaching, Learning, And Transformative Learning

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