Teaching Mathematics in Elementary (Geometry)
- 1. TEACHING MATH IN PRIMARY GRADES Presented by: Group 3
- 2. 5 Content Areas in the Curriculum, as adopted from the framework prepared by MATHED &SEI(2010) • Numbers and Number Sense • Measurements • Geometry • Patterns and Algebra • Probability and Statistics
- 3. Geometry • A strand includes properties of two and three- dimensional figures and their relationships, spatial visualisation, reasoning, and geometric modelling and proofs. • Branch of mathematics concerned with properties of space such as the distance, shape, size, and relative position of figures.
- 4. Geometry in Basic Education should enables students to: • Explore the characteristics and properties of the 2 and 3 dimensional geometric shapes and formulate significant geometric relationships. • Use coordinate geometry to specify locations and describe spatial relationships. • Use transformation and symmetry to analyse mathematical situations . • Use spatial visualisation, reasoning and geometric modelling to solve routine and no routine problems. • Use geometric proofs to develop high-order thinking skills(HOTS).
- 5. Key Concepts in Geometry • Point: A point is a specific location in space. It has no dimensions (length, width, or height). • Line: A line is a straight path that extends infinitely in both directions. • Plane: A plane is a flat surface that extends infinitely in all directions. • Angle: An angle is formed when two rays meet at a common endpoint called a vertex. • Shape: A shape is a two-dimensional or three-dimensional figure with defined boundaries.
- 6. Types of Shapes 2D vs. 3D Shapes • 2D shapes are flat shapes that have only two dimensions: length and width. They can be drawn on a piece of paper. Examples of 2D shapes: Circle, Square, Triangle, Rectangle,Oval. • 3D shapes are solid shapes that have three dimensions: length, width, and height. They can be held in your hand. Examples of 3D shapes: Cube Sphere, Cylinder,Pyramid,Prism. • A 2D shape is like a drawing on a page, while a 3D shape is like a real-life object you can touch.
- 7. Standards in Teaching Math in Primary Grades: • K-3 Geometry (2 dimensional and 3 dimensional objects, lines, symmetry, and tessellation). • Kindergarten Geometry (Basic attributes of objects) • 1. Shape Attributes • Sides: The number of edges or lines that form a shape. • Corners: The points where two or more sides meet. • Angles: The amount of turning between two sides that meet at a corner. Symmetry: Whether a shape can be folded in half so both sides match.
- 8. 2.Size Attributes Length: The distance between two points on a line. Width: The distance across a shape. Height: The distance from the bottom to the top of a shape. 3.Positional Attributes Over/Under: Describing the position of one object relative to another. Inside/Outside: Describing the position of an object within or outside a boundary. Between: Describing the position of an object in relation to two other objects. 4. Spatial Relationships Next to: Describing objects that are side-by-side. Above/Below: Describing the vertical position of objects. In front of/behind: Describing the forward or backward position of objects.
- 9. • Grade 1 Geometry (2 and 3 dimensional objects) • Grade 2 Geometry (Basic shapes, symmetry, and tessellation 1. Basic Shapes: Circle, Square, Rectangle , Triangle, Oval. 2. Symmetry is a property of a shape where it can be divided into two identical halves. • Line symmetry: A shape has line symmetry if it can be folded in half so that the two halves match exactly. • Rotational symmetry: A shape has rotational symmetry if it can be rotated a certain number of degrees and still look the same. 3.Tessellation is a pattern formed by repeating a shape or set of shapes without any gaps or overlaps. Think of tiles on a floor or bricks in a wall.
- 10. • Grade 3 Geometry (Lines, symmetry, and tessellation). Types of Lines 1. Vertical lines: These lines are straight up and down. 2. Horizontal lines: These lines are straight across, parallel to the ground. 3. Diagonal lines: These lines slant neither vertically nor horizontally. 4. Parallel lines: These lines are always the same distance apart and never intersect. 5. Perpendicular lines: These lines intersect at a right angle (90 degrees). 6. Intersecting lines: These lines cross each other at a point.