Technical English1 Speaking skills - Module 5.pptx
- 1. Speaking Skills Module 5 EXCELLENCE REDEFINED
- 2. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Contents • Extempore/Public Speaking Definitions, Differences between Extempore/Public Speaking, and Guidelines for Practice • Information Transfer Oral Presentation, Examples, Common Errors in Pronunciation • Mother Tongue Influence South Indian Speakers, Various Techniques for Neutralization of MTI – Exercises • Listening / Reading Comprehension Exercises
- 3. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED EXTEMPORE AND PUBLIC SPEAKING • Public speaking is when you prepare a speech and present it to the public. Example: Debate competitions, speech as class monitor , politics etc. • Extempore speech is when topic is given on the spot . It is also known as impromptu speech. Example: Pick and speak, Jam etc.
- 4. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Forms of Public Speaking • Speech : Speaker offers his/her views, perspectives, opinions, observations to a specific group of people. • Debate: Both the speakers provide contrastive perspectives on a given topic. • Oral Presentation: They are often delivered with PowerPoint slides. • JAM: Is a brief speech which is pointed, focused and limited in its approach. • GD : They are more composed,, matter of fact and friendly. Candidates can change their stand if they are convinced by others. • Tete-a-tete : Interaction between a celebrity and a journalist. • Job Interview: AN opportunity with the candidate to offer their suitability for the position applied.
- 5. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Nervousness: Causes • Fear of failure • Lack of exposure or environment • Poor reading habits • Poor listening habits • Sense of being exposed • Lack of ideas • Fear of past result • Focus on result • Fear of reaction • Lack of preparation
- 6. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Nervousness: Remedies • Recognize your nervousness. • Nervousness is a type of chemical movement which is caused by a sudden rush of adrenaline in your body. • Feel excited about the task. • Visualize yourself making a good and a strong presentation. • Work hard on your content. • Rehearse and practice your presentation. • Make eye contact and feel comfortable on stage. • Start your presentation with a smile and warmth. • Feel confident and create a positive impact.
- 7. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED • Lack of EXPERIENCE • Lack of PREPARATION • Lack of ENTHUSIASM • Negative self-talk Feeling Nervous?
- 8. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Employing Effective Body Language • Personal Appearance. • Posture • Gestures and hand movements • Eye contact • Facial Expressions • Maintaining appropriate space distance • Employing paralinguistic features- Rate, pauses, volume, voice modulation, pronunciation and articulation.
- 9. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Art of Persuasion • Keep speeches planned, substantiated, convincing and relevant to audience. • Research your topic thoroughly. • Use accurate data and figures. • Create a verbal imagery. • Use humour and wit • Keep an audience-oriented approach. • Employ personal examples and instances. • Keep audience entertained during your speech. • Make beginning catchy and ending emphatic.
- 10. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED JAM Speech • Start imaginatively. • Avoid long introductory ideas, stay on point. • Avoid digression, do not deviate. • Avoid examples and instances. • Use vivid language. • Avoid data and statistics. • Be witty, creative and humorous. • Avoid great expectations. • Manage your time well.
- 11. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Welcome/Introductory Speech • Introduce the speaker by referring to their full formal name, including all the titles that go with it. • Highlight the achievements of the speaker by mentioning awards, recognitions etc. • Introduce the area of discussion by the speaker. • Don’t sound fulsome in your praise for the speaker. • Don’t go on speaking for a long time. Keep it brisk and brief. • Be focused and to the point
- 12. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Vote of Thanks • VOT is delivered at the end of a event, seminar, workshop, etc. • Make a list of the people to be thanked. • Use a proper order to express your gratitude • Whenever you thank someone, also cite the reason for your gratitude and the kind of help received. • Be brief, avoid verbosity and exaggerations. • Maintain warmth. • Express your gratitude for various types of help received. • Be witty and humorous.
- 13. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Farewell Speeches • Thank the organization for the opportunity you received for serving it. • Avoid criticizing the company’s policies or people even if you don’t appreciate them much. • Don’t exaggerate your own achievements. • Sound polite and humble in your expressions. • Be brief in your farewell speech.
- 14. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Oral Presentations • Research your topic thoroughly. • Choose an appropriate pattern of organization – Chronological pattern – Casual pattern – Spatial pattern – Topical pattern – Psychological pattern • Start Innovatively – Make an interesting or intriguing statement. – Startle the audience with some shocking facts – Begin with quotations or questions – Use a witty and humorous statement
- 15. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Oral Presentations • Stating facts to substantiate main ideas. • Use examples and instances. • Use visual aids effectively. • Being witty and humorous. • Selecting an appropriate method – Speaking from memory – Speaking from manuscript – Speaking impromptu – Speaking from notes. • Use PowerPoint slides effectively.
- 16. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Group Presentation • Maintain continuity in the slides. • Group member speaking second or third need not provide introductions. • Person speaking first should always introduce themselves better as well as the topic and team members. • Entire team should prepare and practice the entire presentation to maintain connectivity. • Its not necessary to recap others talk. • Do not contradict each other. • Proper distribution of text and slides among the team. • Plan in advance the order of talk. • Stick to the time given.
- 17. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Few Guidelines “should have ten slides, last no more than twenty minutes, and contain no font smaller than thirty points.”
- 18. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED High Quality Images • Use images to support your point • Use a consistent theme
- 19. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Dealing with Questions TRACT technique 1. Thank the questioner 2. Repeat the question 3. Answer the question 4. Check with the questioner if they are satisfied 5. Thank them again
- 20. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Mother Tongue Influence • Mother tongue influence or MTI means the impact of our mother tongue on the way we speak English. Examples : ‘iskool’, ‘istudent’, ‘plezar’, ‘requesht’.
- 21. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Examples • In Urdu and Punjabi Example: Glass as gelas, class, kelas. • Many Indian speakers do not use the semi- vowel Example: student as stjudent, stupid as stjupid. Few other examples : sir as saar, fifty as phipty, fail as phale. Position as Pojision, simple as simbl or simpal, construction as konstrukson , what as bhaat, audio as aadio, breakfast as brekphast, Treasure as Treshar. • Literal translations such as slowly slowly, different different dresses etc.
- 22. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED How does it develop? • Because of vernacular medium schools, which are large in number in India. Hence, majority of Indians suffer from MTI. • Children are introduced to English at a later stage in childhood. • Learning at a later stage makes it difficult because by then child has already internalized the sounds of his/her mother tongue and applies the same to English, this is where the problem starts. • Lastly, it could also be because of lack of exposure to English.
- 23. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Techniques for neutralization of MTI •Practice tongue twisters and minimal pairs to improve focus while speaking English. •Read text aloud and note down the words that you pronounce incorrectly to practice. •Listen to podcasts to observe and understand the correct sound of each syllable. •Listen to an English news channel every day to improve pronunciation. •Watch English movies and listen to English songs to find out how native English speaker speak English.
- 24. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Techniques for neutralization of MTI • Reading books can also gradually increases to surmount MTI. • Have spontaneity while speaking, don‟t use the fillers like ummm, ohhh, ahhh, etc • Listen to standard English speech such as running commentary, watching documentaries, debates etc. • Record yourself speaking English to find out which words you pronounce incorrectly. • Be an attentive and participative listener.
- 25. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Conclusion We need not be ashamed of how we speak. But, we need to neutralize our MTI in order to achieve a standard Indian accent that is universally acceptable.
- 26. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Listening Skill The ability to accurately receive and interpret the precise messages to one’s understanding without any difference of context.
- 27. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Listening V/s Hearing Listening refers to receiving the heard sounds and interpret it precisely for better understanding in a way as the original context . Hearing refers to receiving the sounds without actually interpreting it. It may or may not be understood in the same context as sent.
- 28. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Advantages of Effective Listening • Good listeners usually become effective speakers. • It increases knowledge, develops critical thinking and broadens opportunities. • Helps build effective relationship in personal as well as professional life. • Prevents miscommunication. • Facilitates problem solving. • Helps in sharing emotions, ideas and experiences. • Improves decision-making and critical thinking.
- 29. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Types of Listening
- 30. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Barriers of Effective Listening • Forged attention • Premature evaluation of the subject matter and speaker • Poor interpersonal relations • Overexcitement • Different language variety and accent • Distractions • Evading the difficult types • Non-attentive state of mind • Different levels of perceptions
- 31. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Techniques for Effective Listening • Have an open mind. • Stay alert and establish interest in him/her. • Keep in interactive. Respond when required. • Do not prejudge the speaker. • Stop talking and do not interrupt the speaker unnecessarily. • Observe non-verbal clues of the speaker. • Ask relevant questions to yourself, so that you remain on track with the ideas presented. • Take down notes or paraphrase the message in simple words.
- 32. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED When you speak, you only Speak what you know. When you listen you will Learn new things which You didn’t know! FOOD FOR THOUGHT
- 34. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED • Identify the Purpose for Reading. • Spot the parts of the text relevant to the identified purpose and ignore the rest • Identify the theme of the passage • Choose the appropriate reading strategy that suits your purpose. • Asses your comprehension during and after the reading 5 Steps to effective reading
- 35. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED • Lack of concentration. • Reading aloud. • Moving the lips • Eye fixation. • Regression. • Disinterest. • Lack of reading habits • Turning the head from side to side. • Pointing at words with pen or finger. • Indiscriminate use of dictionary. Stumbling blocks in becoming an effective reader
- 36. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED • Skimming • Scanning • Extensive Reading • Intensive Reading Strategies for Effective Reading
- 37. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Methods of Reading • Sub- Vocalized Reading • Speed Reading • Photo Reading • Proof Reading • Structure Proposition Evaluation(SPE) • Survey Question Read Recite Review(SQRRR) • Multiple intelligences based method (MIBM)
- 38. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED • Get your eyes checked. • Get rid of the habit of vocalizing words. • Your reading rate should vary according to your reading purpose. • Cultivate a positive attitude towards reading. • Try to convert the written information into pictorial format while reading for effective comprehension of the contents. • Find some time on a daily basis exclusively for reading. Tips for Effective Reading
- 39. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED • Locate the central idea. • Carefully observe the command thread. • Find out the WHY this passage/poem? • Hunt for the views and counterviews. • Read the beginnings and endings of the passage carefully. • Figure out the nature of the passage/poem while reading. • Grasp and mark important elements. • Ask. Does the author intend to inform /explain /argue /justify /contradict, etc. Tips for improving Reading Comprehension skills
- 40. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED • Pay attention to thoughts that follow linkers such as but, however, thus , nevertheless, though, yet, since, therefore, moreover, apart from, besides, in order to, so that, as, because, for, as far/long as, further, regarding, regardless of, with regard to, as regards, in fact, despite, in spite of, notwithstanding, etc. • Infer and analyze the passage. • Read between & beyond the lines. • Think of title and summary. • Develop eye span and read more often. Tips for improving Reading Comprehension skills
- 41. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED Getting acquainted with major types of questions
- 42. EXCELLENCE REDEFINED End of Module 5
Editor's Notes
- #7: Like fitness
- #19: Make sure you tell the audience that you will be taking questions at the end of your presentation. When you finish your presentation, instead of asking ‘Does anyone have questions’, ask something like ‘What questions do people have?’ or a specific question related to your presentation like ‘Do you agree with (part of your presentation’.