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REBT
TECHNIQUES
Ellis recommends a “selectively
eclectic” approach to therapy, used
strategies interchangeably in no
systematic way but according to the
need of the hour. Following are the
strategies that are common in use, as
the name suggest it includes
• Cognitive Techniques
• Emotive Techniques
• Behavioral Techniques
COGNITIVE
TECHNIQUES
Cognitive Techniques aims at
teaching clients how to deal with self
statements so that they no longer believe
them and encourage them to acquire a
philosophy based on reality.
1. Rational analysis

2. Disputing irrational belief

3. Changing one’s language

4. Reframing
RATIONAL ANALYSIS
      It is the first step in REBT, analyses
of specific episodes to teach the client how
to uncover and dispute irrational beliefs.
These are usually done in session at first;
then, as the client gets the idea, they can
be done as homework.
DISPUTING IRRATIONAL BELIEFS
       It is actively disputing client’s
irrational beliefs and teaching them how to
do this challenging on their own. Client go
over a particular “must”, “should” or “ought”
until they longer hold that irrational belief or
at least until it is diminished in strength.
Disputing with irrational beliefs can be
done both by the therapist and the client.
CHANGE IN LANGUAGE
      REBT contends that imprecise
language is one of the cause of distorted
thinking processes. Client’s learn that
“musts”, “shoulds” and “oughts” can be
replaced by preferences.
REFRAMING
      Another strategy for getting bad
events into perspective is to re-evaluate
them as “disappointing”, “concerning”, or
“uncomfortable” rather than as awful or
unbearable. A variation of reframing is to
help the client see that even negative
events almost always have a positive side
to them
EMOTIVE
TECHNIQUES
Emotive Techniques helps the
clients to understand the value of
unconditional self acceptance and
unconditional other’s acceptance, even
though the behavior may be difficult to
accept, they can decide to see themselves
and others as worth while.
1. Rational-emotive imagery
2. Role playing

3. Shame attacking exercise

4. Use of force and vigor
RATIONAL-EMOTIVE IMAGERY
      It is a form of intense mental practice
designed to establish new emotional patterns
by making the clients imagine themselves the
worst thing that could happen, unhealthy and
upset feelings, intense experience of feelings
and changing them to healthy and positive
feelings.
      As clients change their feelings about
adversities, they stand a better chance of
changing their behavior in the real situation.
ROLE PLAYING
      There are both emotional and
behavioral components in role playing.
Clients can rehearse certain behaviors to
bring out what they feel in a situation with
the therapist in a presumed environment.
The focus is on working through the
underlying irrational beliefs that are related
to unpleasant feelings.
SHAME ATTACKING EXERCISES
      Ellis has developed exercises to help
people reduce shame over behaving in
certain ways. When we stubbornly refuse
to feel ashamed by telling ourself that it is
not catastrophic if someone thinks we are
foolish.
      The exercises are aimed at
increasing self-acceptance and mature
responsibility.
USE OF FORCE AND VIGOR
       It is a way to help clients go from
intellectual to emotional insight. Clients are
shown how to conduct forceful dialogues by
reverse role playing in which therapist adopts
the client’s belief and vigorously argues for it;
while the client tries to convince the therapist
that the belief is dysfunctional.
        It is especially useful when the client
now sees the irrationality of a belief, but
needs help to consolidate that understanding.
BEHAVIORAL
TECHNIQUES
Behavioral Techniques are one of
the best ways to check out and modify a
belief by act. Clients can be encouraged to
check out the evidence for their fears and
to act in ways that disprove them. The
common techniques are
1. Exposure

2. Risk taking
3. Paradoxical behaviour

4. Postponing gratification
EXPOSURE
      Possibly the most common
behavioural strategy used in REBT
involves clients entering feared situations
they would normally avoid. Such exposure
is deliberate, planned and carried out using
cognitive and other coping skills.
RISK TAKING
            The purpose is to challenge
beliefs that certain behaviours are too
dangerous to risk, when reason says that
while the outcome is not guaranteed they
are worth the chance.
PARADOXICAL BEHAVIOR
      When a client wishes to change a
dysfunctional tendency, encourage them to
deliberately behave in a way contradictory
to the tendency. Emphasise the
importance of not waiting until they feel like
doing it: practising the new behaviour even
though it is not spontaneous will gradually
internalise the new habit.
POSTPONING GRATIFICATION
      Postponing gratification is commonly
used to combat low frustration-tolerance by
deliberately delaying smoking, eating
sweets, using alcohol, sexual activity, etc.
APPLICATION OF
REBT
REBT is widely used, such as
•   Anxiety
•   Depression
•   Anger
•   Marital difficulties
•   Poor interpersonal skills
•   Parenting failures
•   Personality disorders
•   Obsessive compulsive disorders
•   Eating disorders
•   Psychosomatic disorders
•   Addiction
•   Impulse control disorders
•   Pain management
•   Antisocial behavior
•   Adjustment to chronic health problems

Non-clinical Applications
• Personal growth

• Workplace effectiveness
DIFFERENCE IN CBT
AND REBT
REBT                   CBT


 Modify  the           Modify   client’s
  underlying core        current behavior
  belief                Focus on
 Focus on               changing the
  evaluating the         client's behavior
  irrational beliefs    Beck places more
 REBT is often          emphasis on the
  highly directive,      client discovering
  persuasive and         misconceptions for
  confrontive            themselves.
PSYCHOTHERAPY VS PHARMACOTHERAPY
LIMITATIONS
REBT has been criticized as,
 Maladaptive cognitions in disturbed
  people could be a consequence rather
  than a cause.
 The model is narrow in scope as thinking
  is just one human functioning.
 It ignores the role of individual
  differences.
 REBT is aimed at changing cognitions
  which is sometimes considered as
  unethical.
REFERENCES
 Corey,   G. (2005). Student manual theory
  and practice of counseling and
  psychotherapy. California: Brooks/Cole
  publishers.
 Ellis, A., & Harper, R. (1997). Theory and
  practice of counseling and psychotherapy.
  California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.
 DiGuiseppe, R., (1996). The Nature of
  Rational and Irrational Beliefs: Progress in
  Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy
 Michler, F., (2004). Rational Emotive
  Behavior Therapy: The Basics. National
  Training Conference

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Techniques of rebt

  • 2. Ellis recommends a “selectively eclectic” approach to therapy, used strategies interchangeably in no systematic way but according to the need of the hour. Following are the strategies that are common in use, as the name suggest it includes • Cognitive Techniques • Emotive Techniques • Behavioral Techniques
  • 4. Cognitive Techniques aims at teaching clients how to deal with self statements so that they no longer believe them and encourage them to acquire a philosophy based on reality. 1. Rational analysis 2. Disputing irrational belief 3. Changing one’s language 4. Reframing
  • 5. RATIONAL ANALYSIS It is the first step in REBT, analyses of specific episodes to teach the client how to uncover and dispute irrational beliefs. These are usually done in session at first; then, as the client gets the idea, they can be done as homework.
  • 6. DISPUTING IRRATIONAL BELIEFS It is actively disputing client’s irrational beliefs and teaching them how to do this challenging on their own. Client go over a particular “must”, “should” or “ought” until they longer hold that irrational belief or at least until it is diminished in strength. Disputing with irrational beliefs can be done both by the therapist and the client.
  • 7. CHANGE IN LANGUAGE REBT contends that imprecise language is one of the cause of distorted thinking processes. Client’s learn that “musts”, “shoulds” and “oughts” can be replaced by preferences.
  • 8. REFRAMING Another strategy for getting bad events into perspective is to re-evaluate them as “disappointing”, “concerning”, or “uncomfortable” rather than as awful or unbearable. A variation of reframing is to help the client see that even negative events almost always have a positive side to them
  • 10. Emotive Techniques helps the clients to understand the value of unconditional self acceptance and unconditional other’s acceptance, even though the behavior may be difficult to accept, they can decide to see themselves and others as worth while. 1. Rational-emotive imagery 2. Role playing 3. Shame attacking exercise 4. Use of force and vigor
  • 11. RATIONAL-EMOTIVE IMAGERY It is a form of intense mental practice designed to establish new emotional patterns by making the clients imagine themselves the worst thing that could happen, unhealthy and upset feelings, intense experience of feelings and changing them to healthy and positive feelings. As clients change their feelings about adversities, they stand a better chance of changing their behavior in the real situation.
  • 12. ROLE PLAYING There are both emotional and behavioral components in role playing. Clients can rehearse certain behaviors to bring out what they feel in a situation with the therapist in a presumed environment. The focus is on working through the underlying irrational beliefs that are related to unpleasant feelings.
  • 13. SHAME ATTACKING EXERCISES Ellis has developed exercises to help people reduce shame over behaving in certain ways. When we stubbornly refuse to feel ashamed by telling ourself that it is not catastrophic if someone thinks we are foolish. The exercises are aimed at increasing self-acceptance and mature responsibility.
  • 14. USE OF FORCE AND VIGOR It is a way to help clients go from intellectual to emotional insight. Clients are shown how to conduct forceful dialogues by reverse role playing in which therapist adopts the client’s belief and vigorously argues for it; while the client tries to convince the therapist that the belief is dysfunctional. It is especially useful when the client now sees the irrationality of a belief, but needs help to consolidate that understanding.
  • 16. Behavioral Techniques are one of the best ways to check out and modify a belief by act. Clients can be encouraged to check out the evidence for their fears and to act in ways that disprove them. The common techniques are 1. Exposure 2. Risk taking 3. Paradoxical behaviour 4. Postponing gratification
  • 17. EXPOSURE Possibly the most common behavioural strategy used in REBT involves clients entering feared situations they would normally avoid. Such exposure is deliberate, planned and carried out using cognitive and other coping skills.
  • 18. RISK TAKING The purpose is to challenge beliefs that certain behaviours are too dangerous to risk, when reason says that while the outcome is not guaranteed they are worth the chance.
  • 19. PARADOXICAL BEHAVIOR When a client wishes to change a dysfunctional tendency, encourage them to deliberately behave in a way contradictory to the tendency. Emphasise the importance of not waiting until they feel like doing it: practising the new behaviour even though it is not spontaneous will gradually internalise the new habit.
  • 20. POSTPONING GRATIFICATION Postponing gratification is commonly used to combat low frustration-tolerance by deliberately delaying smoking, eating sweets, using alcohol, sexual activity, etc.
  • 22. REBT is widely used, such as • Anxiety • Depression • Anger • Marital difficulties • Poor interpersonal skills • Parenting failures • Personality disorders • Obsessive compulsive disorders • Eating disorders • Psychosomatic disorders • Addiction
  • 23. Impulse control disorders • Pain management • Antisocial behavior • Adjustment to chronic health problems Non-clinical Applications • Personal growth • Workplace effectiveness
  • 25. REBT CBT  Modify the  Modify client’s underlying core current behavior belief  Focus on  Focus on changing the evaluating the client's behavior irrational beliefs  Beck places more  REBT is often emphasis on the highly directive, client discovering persuasive and misconceptions for confrontive themselves.
  • 28. REBT has been criticized as,  Maladaptive cognitions in disturbed people could be a consequence rather than a cause.  The model is narrow in scope as thinking is just one human functioning.  It ignores the role of individual differences.  REBT is aimed at changing cognitions which is sometimes considered as unethical.
  • 30.  Corey, G. (2005). Student manual theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. California: Brooks/Cole publishers.  Ellis, A., & Harper, R. (1997). Theory and practice of counseling and psychotherapy. California: Thomson Brooks/Cole.  DiGuiseppe, R., (1996). The Nature of Rational and Irrational Beliefs: Progress in Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy  Michler, F., (2004). Rational Emotive Behavior Therapy: The Basics. National Training Conference