Tends
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This document provides a high-level overview of the history and trends in computer science: - It traces the early history of computing from Lady Ada Byron as the first programmer in the 1800s to the development of boolean algebra and its use in computer switching circuits. - Key developments like the birth of the microcomputer in 1975 and the designation of the computer as "Man of the Year" in 1982 are mentioned. - Recent trends discussed include exponential increases in processing power according to Moore's Law, the growth of multicore and manycore processors, and shifts toward distributed computing in large data centers and on mobile/pervasive devices like laptops and smartphones.
Tends
- 1. ComputerComputer Science:Science: IntroductionIntroduction ToTo Introduction to Past, Present ,Introduction to Past, Present , TrendsTrends
- 2. 2 6 Early History of Computing
- 4. 4 ’s
- 5. 5 6 Made one
- 6. Lady Ada Byron – first programmer
- 7. George Boole • Boolean Algebra • Used to establish inequalities: • symoblic use of <, or >, or <> • Used in computer switching • Modern use in library searches
- 11. The Birth of the Micro Computer 1975
- 12. Finally, The Computer as Man of the Year - 1982
- 13. Deep Blue, 1997
- 14. Exponential progress Gordon Moore, 1965
- 19. Award Turing Award, the "Nobel Prize of computing " Gödel Prize, theoretical computer science Dijkstra Prize, distributed computing, $2000 Knuth Prize, foundations of computer science
- 20. Eckert–Mauchly award, digital systems and computer architecture Gordon Bell Prizes, high-performance computing applications, parallel computing Original Grace Murray Hopper Awards (named after Grace Hopper) , aged 35 or less computer professional with a single, significant technical or service contribution CHI Academy, Human-computer interaction The Gerard Salton Award ,information retrieval
- 21. Turing Award
- 22. Turing Machines “…I believe that at the end of the century the use of words and general educated opinion will have altered so much that one will be able to speak of machines thinking without expecting to be contradicted.”
- 23. Research Areas Algorithms and Complexity AI Computational Molecular Biology Computer Architecture Databases
- 24. Formal Methods Graphics Human-Computer Interaction Large-Scale Distributed Systems Machine Learning Mobile and Pervasive Computing
- 25. Networking Principles of Programming Robotics Security Software Engineering
- 30. Computer Trends LAN: 10X BW / link / 4-5 years Internet: Data Centers = new Internet backbone DRAM: 2X size / chip / 3 years, = latency, > BW Larger % chips, % power, % $ of systems Flash: Threat to (small) disks? Disk: 2X size / disk / 3 years , = latency, > BW CPU: 2X cores / chip / 2 years, ≤ clock rate, = power Cell phone/Laptop and Datacenter: Ends of spectrum most interesting platforms of future?
- 31. 1 2 4 8 16 32 6464 128 256 512 1 10 100 1000 2003 2005 2007 2009 2011 2013 2015 100+ Cores? Multicore: 2X / 2 yrs ⇒ ≈ 64 cores in 8 years Manycore: 8X multicore Par Lab 80x86 Uniprocessors No longer sold 16-way MP laptops for sale in 2011
- 32. 0 50 100 150 200 250 300 1985 1995 2005 2015 Millions of PCs / year Revolution May Fail 100% failure rate of Parallel Computer Companies Convex, Encore, MasPar, NCUBE, Kendall Square Research, Sequent, (Silicon Graphics), Transputer, Thinking Machines, … What if IT goes from a growth industry to a replacement industry? If SW can’t effectively use 8, 16, 32, ... cores per chip ⇒ SW no faster on new computer ⇒ Only buy if computer wears out Accelerate trend to SaaS? Par Lab
- 33. Laptop/Handheld as future client, Datacenter as future server “The Datacenter is the Computer” Building sized computers: Google, MS, … “The Laptop/Handheld is the Computer” 2007: HP sales laptops > desktops 1B+ Cell phones/yr, increasing in function Apple iPhone raises the bar for quality and business for cellphones
- 35. Open Source
- 39. Web 2.0
Editor's Notes
- #22: From 1966 annually named after Alan Mathison Turing, a British mathematician who is &quot;frequently credited for being the father of theoretical computer science and artificial intelligence&quot; Along with $250,000
- #23: 1938 – Received his Ph.D. from Princeton 1954 – Died of cyanide poisoning Often considered to be the father of modern computer science Turing Test Turing Machine Church-Turing Thesis Worked at Bletchley Park during WWII Said to have taught himself to read in three weeks At age 14, rode a bike 60 miles to attend his first day at Sherborne School Was gay during a time when it was illegal, many believe this led to his security clearance being revoked, and possibly his death
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