Tenses Presentation (2).pptx class 10 for study

 The word ‘Tense’ is derived from Latin word ‘Tempus’
which is directly related to ‘Time’. Tense shows the time of
an action and its state or condition.
 Types of Tense
 Present Past Future
 Four Forms of Tenses:
 1 Indefinite
 2 Continuous
 3 Perfect
 4 Perfect Continuous
Tenses

 P.I.T.-Subject+V1+object----S or ES---- Do not Or Does not
 P.C.T-Subject+Is/Am/Are+V1+ing+object
 P.P.T – Subject+has/have+V3+object
 P.P.CT.-Subject+has/have+been +V1+ing +Time+object
 Pa.I T.-Subject+V2+Object--------Did not+V1
 Pa.C.T-Subject+was/were+V1+ing+object
 Pa.P.T.-Subject+Had+V3+Object
 Pa.P.C.T.-Subject+had+been+V1+ing+Time+object
 F.I.T.-Subject+shall/will+V1+object
 F.C.T.-Subject+shall /will +be V1+ing+object
 F.P.T.- Subject+Shall/will+have+object
 F.P.C.T.-Subject+shall/will+have+been+V1+ing+Time+object
Formation of Sentences in different Tenses

Subject+V1+Object ( S Or ES ,Do Or Does)
 Present Indefinite Tense is used
 To talk about habits, routines or actions that are done
repeatedly or scheduled actions
 To talk about scientific or Universal Truth.
 I go to football practice on Sundays.( R.action)
 The assembly bell rings at 9:00A.M (scheduled action )
 They usually come to watch my games ( Do in General)
 My next game starts on Saturday at 5 P.M. ( set of events )
 We live in a big house.
 I like to read books in my free time.
 He speaks Spanish fluently.
 He works as a software engineer.
Present Indefinite Tense

Assertive sentences:Sub+V1+s / es+ object
Negative Sentences: Sub+Do/Does +not+V1+object
Interrogative Sentences: Do/Does+sub+V1+object+?
Interrogative Negative: Do/Does+sub+not+V1+object +?
Ram goes to school daily.
She does not sing a song.
Does she write a letter?
Do I not do my home work?
She sings beautifully.
They play football every Saturday.
He teaches English at the local school.
Formation of sentences in Present Indefinite Tense

 Subject+Is/Am/Are+Verb1+ing+Object
 If words such as Now/ These days/ At present/ At this
moment, etc., are given in a sentence, then present
continuous tense is used.
 To Talk about an action going on at the time of speaking.
 To talk about actions going on these days ( and not just at
the time of speaking )
 A continuous action currently in progress.
 Present Continuous tense is also used for planned actions that are
going to happen in near future.
 A am reading English Grammar.
 We are coming to visit you tomorrow.
Present Continuous Tense

 She is studying for her exams.
 They are playing football in the park.
 I am typing a document on my computer.
 We are watching a movie right now.
 He is cooking dinner in the kitchen.
 The baby is sleeping.
 The dog is chasing its tail in the backyard.
 She is driving to work at the moment.
 I am listening to music.
Present Continuous Tense (Examples)

 Subject+has/ have + verb3 +object
 If words such as yet, already, up to, lately, recently, so far,
ever, etc., are given in a sentence, then present perfect tense
is used.
 To talk about an action just completed.
 To talk about an action that happened in the past but whose
effect can be felt at the moment of speaking.
 To describe a past experience.
 I have taken my food.
 I have read all these books ( so I need not read them now.)
 I have seen this picture several times.
Present Perfect Tense

 I have finished my homework.
 They have travelled to many countries.
 I have seen that movie three times already.
 The company has hired new employees recently.
 Ram has just bought a new car.
 They have already completed the project.
 He has visited Paris several times.
 She has read all the books in the series.
 They have studied Spanish.
Present Perfect Tense (Examples)

 Subject + has /have +been +verb 1 +ing + since/For
 To talk about an action that began in the past , is continuing at the
time of speaking and will extend into the future.
 This tense is also used to express an action which began in the past
and has been just completed. However, its result is visible at
present.
 I have been studying since morning and I am much tired now.
 Since ------------- Point of Time.
 For ------------ Period of time.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense

 She has been studying for hours.
 They have been playing football all afternoon.
 He has been working on his project since morning.
 We have been waiting for the bus for thirty minutes.
 I have been reading this book for weeks.
 The baby has been crying for hours.
 The dog has been barking non-stop.
 She has been cooking dinner since noon.
 He has been practicing the guitar every day.
 We have been renovating our house for months.
Present Perfect Continuous Tense (Examples)

 Lencho is a farmer by profession and lives in a small
house with his wife and children. As a farmer, he toils on
his field and adores his crop. He understands that a good
crop is essential for the survival of his family. So, he
eagerly waits for the rain. But he feels quite sad and
frustrated when the sudden hailstorm entirely destroys
his crops.
Lencho

 The lost child is the main character in the story. He is innocent
and happy by nature. He walks joyfully to the fair and plays with
everything that comes his way including insects and worms. He is
obedient and follows his parents instructions without any grudge.
He is cheerful and does not throw tantrums when they refuse to
buy him things. In fact, he is very intelligent because half the time
he does not even wait for their refusal, for he already knows the
reason behind it.He is deeply attached to both his parents and
the realisation about having got separated from them scares
him.After getting lost, he does not get tempted or consoled by
the things that he had longed for earlier from his parents. This
child wins reader’s love and admiration for his innocence and
purity.
TheLostChild

 Subject+V2+Object (Did+V1)
 Completed actions that happened in the past
 A series ( a list ) of completed actions/Habits in the past.
 If in a sentence, past denoting words are used, then V2 should be used. Yesterday,
previous day, Ago, Last day, Last week,
 If a sentence stars with the words such as It is time/ It is about time/ It is high time ,
then past indefinite tense is used.
 If ‘to’ is used after these words, then ‘V1’ is always used after ‘to’
 To talk about an action that took place at some point in the past.
 I went to the library yesterday.(An action completed in the past)
 I read books, looked at a magazine and wrote ( It is a series of past actions.)
 I went to the library frequent as a student. ( habit in the past )
 It is about time they took their children to school.
 It is time we renovated our house.
It is time to play. It is time to go
Past Indefinite Tense

 Assertive sentence:Sub+V2+object
 Negative sentence: Subject+did+not+V1+object
 Interrogative sentece:Did+subject+V1+oject+?
 Interrogative Negative sentences: Did+sub+not+V1 +object +?
 She finished her homework yesterday.
 They played football in the park last weekend.
 He visited his grandparents last summer.
 We travelled to Europe last year.
 I read that book last month.
 The company hired new employees last month.
Formation of sentences in Past Indefinite Tense

 Subject+was /were+Verb1+ing+object
 To talk about an action that was going on at some point in the
past.
 To talk about a frequently repeated past action .
 Is used for two simultaneous actions of the past.
 I was reading when someone rang the doorbell.
 I was reading, while he was cooking dinner.
 The students were reading, the teacher was writing on the green
board and Ram was sleeping.
 She was studying when the phone rang.
 They were playing football when it started to rain.
 He was working on his project all night.
Past Continuous Tense.

 Subject + Had +verb 3 + object
 To talk about an action already completed before another action took
place:
 It is also used to express an unfulfilled action in the past.
 When two actions are given in a sequence, past perfect tense is used for
the first action, while past indefinite tense is used for the second action.
 When he came to me, I had posted the letter.
 He had learnt his lesson before the last period.
 If she had worked hard she would have passed.
 The company had completed the project before the deadline.
 He had lost his keys before he found them in his pocket.
 She had already cooked dinner when we got home.
 They had finished their exams before the semester ended.
Past Perfect Tense

 Subject +had +been +verb+1+ing +since/For
 To talk about an action that began before a specific moment
in the past, had continued up to that moment and was still in
progress.
 To express an action that had been going on for some time in
the past.
 Is used to show such type of actions that started in the past,
continued in the past and also finished in the past.
 Children had been playing since morning.
Past Perfect Continuous Tense

 She had been studying for hours before the exams.
 They had been playing football in the park for hours
before it started raining.
 He had been working on his project for month before he
finally completed it.
 We had been waiting at the bus stop for an hour.
 I had been reading that book for weeks.
 The dog had been barking all night.
 We had been watching TV all evening .
Past Perfect Continuous Tense (Examples)

 The king was a fool who owned a beautiful kingdom. He could
go to any length in order to be different from others. His orders
were foolish and his ideas stupid. Turning day into night and
ordering execution of those who disobeyed were examples of his
silliness. The king had no idea about justice. Assuring the thief’s
brother that justice would be done and terming the thief’s death
as murder indicate his lack of knowledge about justice. The king
did not have any sound sense of judgement about people either.
He could not see that the guru was flattering him to rescue his
disciple. His gullible disposition led him to believe every word
uttered by the guru and ended up getting executed by his own
men.
The king

 Anil was a young man of 25 years. He was a tall , lean and thin
fellow. He was an easy-going, kind and simple man. He was a
writer and wrote books as well as contributed to magazines. His
income was not regular. He did not give any importance to
materialism. He was an extravagant man, who would spend money
lavishly on his friends. He was sympathetic towards Hari Singh and
did not throw him out of his house, when he could not cook well.
He trusted a stranger and gave him the keys. He finally became a
saint by giving Hari Singh a chance to improve. He did not say
anything to Hari Singh on knowing about his guilt, rather gave him
a fifty rupee note with a promise to give him regularly.
Anil

 Subject+Shall/Will +Verb1+object
 Some words such as tomorrow, next year, next month
etc. indicates the future. Therefore, future indefinite
tense is used with these words.
 The Future Indefinite Tense is used to express the action
or event which is likely to happen in Future
 A specific action in the Future
 If there is Promise , Determination , threat etc.
 I shall take my examination next year.
 I will inform your father about your failure. (Threat)
 I, We ------------ shall
 He ,she, it, ----------------- will
Simple Future

 Affirmative sentences: sub+will/ shall+V1 + object
 Negative sentences: sub+will/shall+not+V1+object
 Interrogative sentences: Will/shall +sub+V1+ object +?
 Interrogative Negative Sentences
 Will/shall+sub+not+V1+object+?
Formation of sentence in future indefinite tense

 subject+ shall/will+be+verb1+ing
 Future Continuous Tense is used to express an event that is
expected to take place in the normal course or at some time in the
future.
 Is used to show a fixed programme or a plan of future.
 An interrupted action in the Future
 Parallel actions in the Future.
 An atmosphere in the future.
 At 8 P.M. I will be heading home.
 We will be dancing tonight and having a good time.
 Her parties are always the same. The DJ will be playing the music
too loud,and some people will be dancing while others will be
covering their ears.
Future Continuous Tense

 Subject +Will have / shall have +verb 3 +object
 The Future Perfect Tense expresses an action which is expected to be completed by
a certain time in the Future.
 It sometimes expresses the speaker’s belief that something has taken place.
 When two actions take place one after the other, future perfect tense is used for
the first action and present indefinite tense is used for the second action.
 I shall have revised my lesson by 9 P.M. tomorrow.
 “ In the newspaper you will have read about the railway accident that took place
today", said my father.
 By the 2050 , solar power will have replaced electricity generated by water .
 He will have left before you reach there.
 I shall have watched this movie before my father arrives there.
Future Perfect Tense

 Subject+Shall / will + have been+V1+ing+from/ for
 The Future Perfect Continuous Tense is used to express an
action that will have been going on at or before some point
of time in the Future.
 Is used to describe an ongoing action that will complete in
future.
 We shall have been waiting for you for a long time.
 I shall have been teaching the students form 15th
April 2022.
 Ram will have been pursuing his MBA from 20th
July 2022.
 The boys will not have been flying kites since noon.
Future Perfect Continuous Tense

 Pa.I T.-Subject+V2+Object--------Did not+V1
 F.I.T.-Subject+shall/will+V1+object
 Pa.C.T-Subject+was/were+V1+ing+object
 F.C.T.-Subject+shall /will +be V1+ing+object
 Pa.P.T.-Subject+Had+V3+Object
 F.P.T.- Subject+Shall/will+have+object
 Pa.P.C.T.-Subject+had+been+V1+ing+Time+object
 F.P.C.T.-Subject+shall/will+have+been+V1+ing+Time+object

 P.I.T.-Ram takes milk daily.
 Pa.I T.-Ram took milk daily.
 F.I.T.-Ram will take milk daily.
 P.C.T-Ram is taking milk daily.
 Pa.C.T-Ram was taking milk daily.
 F.C.T.-Ram will be taking milk daily.
 P.P.T –Ram has taken milk daily.
 Pa.P.T.-Ram had taken milk daily.
 F.P.T.- Ram will have taken milk daily.
 P.P.CT.- Ram has been taking milk daily since childhood.
 Pa.P.C.T.-Ram had been talking milk daily since childhood.
 F.P.C.T.-Ram will have been taking milk daily since childhood.

 P.I.T.-Does she not go to temple every monday ?
 Pa.I T.-Did she not go to temple every monday?
 F.I.T.-.Will she not go to temple every monday?
 P.C.T-Is she not going to temple every monday?
 Pa.C.T-Was she not going to temple every monday?
 F.C.T.-Will she not be going to temple every Monday?
 P.P.T –Has she not gone to temple every Monday?
 Pa.P.T.-Had she not gone to temple very Monday?
 F.P.T.Will she have not gone to temple every Monday?
 P.P.CT.- Has she not been going to temple every Monday? Time
 Pa.P.C.T.-Had she not been going to temple every monday?
 F.P.C.T.Will she not have been going to temple every Monday?
She goes to temple every Monday.

 He makes a noise.
 We invite you to tea.
 The Sun rises in the morning.
 Ram always speaks the truth.
 The children go to school daily.
 The gardener is watering the plants.
 Sheela lighted the fire.
 We shall learn our lesson.
 The washer man will was the clothes
 I shall not tell a lie.
Examples

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