Test Bank for Systems Analysis and Design, 7th Edition, Alan Dennis
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- 6. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 1 Test Bank for Systems Analysis and Design, 7th Edition, Alan Dennis Full download chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/test-bank-for- systems-analysis-and-design-7th-edition-alan-dennis/ Multiple Choice 1. The outcome of the analysis phase is the: a) Feasibility analysis document b) System proposal document c) System specification document d) System request document e) Business process document Ans: b Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 2. The outcome of the planning phase is the: a) Test plan b) System proposal document c) System specification document d) System request document e) Business process document Ans: d Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 3. The outcome of the design phase is the: a) Feasibility analysis document b) System proposal document c) System specification document d) System request document e) Business process document Ans: c Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy
- 7. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 2 4. Another outcome of the planning phase is the: a) Feasibility analysis document b) Project plan c) System specification document d) System proposal document e) Business process document Ans: b Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 5. Which is NOT true for systems analysts? a) They create value for an organization b) They enable the organization to perform work better c) They do things and challenge the current way that an organization works d) They play a key role in information systems development projects e) They are the project sponsors for system proposals Ans: e Response: See Introduction Difficulty: medium 6. Which is NOT an attribute of a systems analyst? a) Understanding what to change b) Knowing how to change it c) Convincing others of the need to change d) Serving as a change agent e) Selecting which projects to approve Ans: e Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy 7. Which of the following project roles would identify how technology can improve business processes? a) Systems analyst b) Business analyst c) Infrastructure analyst d) Change management analyst e) Requirements analyst
- 8. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 3 Ans: a Response: See The System Analyst Difficulty: easy 8. Which of the following project roles would insure that the system conforms to information systems standards? a) Systems analyst b) Business analyst c) Infrastructure analyst d) Change management analyst e) Project manager Ans: a Response: See The System Analyst Difficulty: easy 9. Which of the following project roles would focus on stakeholder requirements? a) Systems analyst b) Business analyst c) Infrastructure analyst d) Change management analyst e) Requirements analyst Ans: e Response: See The System Analyst Difficulty: easy 10. Which of the following project roles would serve as a primary point of contact for a project? a) Systems analyst b) Business analyst c) Infrastructure analyst d) Change management analyst e) Project sponsor Ans: e Response: See Project Identification and Initiation Difficulty: easy 11. Which of the following project roles would analyze the key business aspects of the system? a) Systems analyst b) Business analyst c) Infrastructure analyst
- 9. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 4 d) Change management analyst e) Project manager Ans: b Response: See The System Analyst Difficulty: easy 12. Michaela is a systems analyst who is determining business requirements. What would most likely be the SDLC phase for her? a) Planning b) Analysis c) Design d) Implementation e) Business requirements are not developed by systems analysts, but by business analysts Ans: b Response: See Figure 1-3: The Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 13. Chang is working on “How will this system work.” What SDLC phase is he in? a) Planning b) Analysis c) Design d) Implementation e) Transition Ans: c Response: See Figure 1-3: The Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: medium 14. Joan’s project is to take a fairly straight-forward manual process and make it an electronic process. This will make the processing more efficient. Which of the following requirements analysis strategies is she using? a) Business process automation b) Business process improvement c) Business process internalization d) Business process reengineering e) Business process renovation Ans: a Response: See Business Process Automation
- 10. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 5 Difficulty: easy 15. Wayne is a senior director of finance. His company only recently came under Sarbanes- Oxley regulations and is the project sponsor to become compliant. He realizes that examining the as-is system may not be much help as the regulations are so radical that a major analysis and design project must be completed to make the company compliant. He is leaning towards: ______________ a) Business process automation b) Business process improvement c) Business process internalization d) Business process reengineering e) Business process renovation Ans: d Response: See Business Process Reengineering Difficulty: medium 16. Moderate changes to existing processes falls under the _________ analysis. a) Business process automation (BPA) b) Business process improvement (BPI) c) Business process reengineering (BPR) d) Business process blue-skying (BPB) e) Business process efficiency (BPE) Ans: b Response: See Business Process Improvement Difficulty: easy 17. Alice is calculating whether a system will lower costs or increase revenues. What SDLC phase is she in? a) Planning b) Analysis c) Design d) Implementation e) Evaluation Ans: a Response: See The Systems Development Life Cycle Difficulty: medium 18. Which was NOT given as a method for determining business requirements? a) Benchmarking b) Interviewing c) Observation
- 11. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 6 d) Document analysis e) Questionnaires and surveys Ans: a Response: See The Systems Development Life Cycle Difficulty: medium 19. Which would normally NOT be a reason for a project? a) When a business need has been identified b) A consultant has suggested a new customer relationship management system c) An open source platform has just come on the market d) An existing system just isn’t working properly and the workaround is tedious e) To support a new business initiative Ans: c Response: See Project Identification and Initiation Difficulty: medium 20. Which phase is generally the longest and most expensive part of the development process? a) Planning b) Analysis c) Design d) Implementation e) Feasibility Ans: d Response: See Implementation Difficulty: easy 21. Because the cost can be immense, _________ is one of the most critical steps in implementation. a) Documentation b) Coding c) Testing d) Developing a conversion strategy e) Training Ans: c Response: See Implementation Difficulty: medium 22. PCM Incorporated will need to purchase new servers for a system. This would be a:
- 12. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 7 a) Development cost b) Operating cost c) Ongoing cost d) Intangible cost e) Intangible benefit Ans: a Response: See Feasibility Analysis Difficulty: easy 23. Linda is a clerk in the accounting department. She was interviewed by David and is excited about the proposed system that will utilize electronic funds transfer. This would be an example of ______. a) Tangible benefit b) Cash flow c) Break-even analysis d) Intangible benefit e) Return on investment Ans: d Response: See Feasibility Analysis Difficulty: medium 24. Ramya is preparing an economic feasibility study. She has a calculation where she takes total benefits minus total costs and divides that answer by the total costs. She is calculating: a) Cash flow b) Return on investment c) Break-even point d) Net present value e) Internal rate of return Ans: b Response: See Economic Feasibility Difficulty: medium 25. Ramona is preparing an economic feasibility study. She is calculating the payback period. She is calculating: a) Cash flow b) Return on investment c) Break-even point d) Net present value e) Internal rate of return Ans: c
- 13. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 8 Response: See Economic Feasibility Difficulty: medium 26. Robert is doing an economic analysis using today’s dollar values. He is doing: a) Cash flow analysis b) Return on investment analysis c) Break-even point analysis d) Net present value analysis e) Internal rate of return analysis Ans: d Response: See Economic Feasibility Difficulty: medium 27. TJ has prepared a spreadsheet where the total benefits are $182,000; the total cumulative costs are $120,000. The ROI would be: a) $62,000 b) About 34% c) About 51.7% d) About 65.3% e) Less than 20% Ans: c Response: See Economic Feasibility Difficulty: hard 28. Which of the following project roles would probably make a presentation about the objectives of a proposed project and its benefits to executives who will benefit directly from the project? a) Requirements analyst b) Systems analyst c) Project manager d) Champion e) Chief Information Officer (CIO) Ans: d Response: See Organizational Feasibility Difficulty: medium 29. Which is an activity the users probably will NOT do on a project? a) Make decisions that influence the project
- 14. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 9 b) Budget funds for the project c) Perform hands-on activities for the project d) Be assigned specific tasks to perform (with clear deadlines) e) Have some official roles on the project team Ans: b Response: See Organizational Feasibility Difficulty: hard 30. The type of skill that is common to systems analysts to deal fairly and honestly with other project team members is: a) Technical b) Business c) Analytical d) Interpersonal e) Ethical Ans: e Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy 31. The type of skill that is common to systems analysts to understand how IT can be applied to business situations and to ensure that the IT delivers real business value is: a) Technical b) Business c) Analytical d) Interpersonal e) Ethical Ans: b Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy 32. Rocky is dealing one-on-one with users and business managers (including some that have little experience with technology). He is demonstrating what system analyst skill? a) Technical b) Business c) Analytical d) Interpersonal e) Ethical Ans: d Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy
- 15. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 10 33. Becky is a systems analyst for Laswell Consulting. She is attending a three-day intensive workshop on developing applications in php. What systems analyst skill is she working on? a) Technical b) Business c) Analytical d) Interpersonal e) Ethical Ans: a Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy 34. Jack is going over financial numbers for a proposed project. Which of the following system analyst skills is he exhibiting currently? a) Technical b) Business c) Analytical d) Interpersonal e) Management Ans: c Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy 35. Amy is planning on talking with a clerk and a manager in the accounts payable area, a manager in the procurement department, and two vendors. She is probably doing: a) Observation b) Interviews c) JAD d) Documentation analysis e) Organizational Feasibility Ans: b Response: See Analysis Difficulty: easy 36. Kallie is creating use cases, data flow diagrams, and entity relationship diagrams. In what phase of the SDLC would she do this? a) Planning b) Analysis c) Design d) Construction e) Implementation
- 16. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 11 Ans: c Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: medium Chapter 1 Questions – True / False 37. The primary goal of a system is to create value for the organization. Ans: True Response: See Introduction Difficulty: easy 38. Systems analysis and design projects are highly effective, with less than 3% of all projects cancelled or abandoned. Ans: False Response: See Introduction Difficulty: easy 39. Systems that are cancelled or abandoned are frequently due to a lack of clarity about how the system should support an organization’s goals and improve processes.. Ans: True Response: See Introduction Difficulty: easy 40. The key person in the SDLC is the systems analyst who analyzed the business situation, identifies opportunities for improvements and design an information system to implement the improvements. Ans: True Response: See Introduction Difficulty: easy
- 17. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 12 41. Systems analysts are generally experts in business, finance, and application development. Ans: False Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: medium 42. When compared to a business analyst, the systems analyst will identify how the system will provide business value. Ans: False Response: See Project Identification and Initiation Difficulty: medium 43. The business analyst role focuses on the business issues surrounding the system. Ans: False Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy 44. When compared to a systems analyst, the business analyst will probably have more responsibility for determining business value. Ans: True Response: See Project Identification and Initiation Difficulty: easy 45. Because of the need to be focused on providing information about the business value of a system, a systems analyst will probably have much training or experience in programming or application development. Ans: False Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy 46. The requirements analyst role includes complete and accurate determination of what the system requirements consist of for all stakeholders. Ans: True Response: See The Systems Analyst Difficulty: easy
- 18. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 13 47. The SDLC generally can be broken into four phases: planning, analysis, design and implementation. Ans: True Response: See The Systems Development Life Cycle Difficulty: easy 48. In SDLC, analysis is generally divided into three steps: understanding the as-is system; developing a cost-benefit analysis; and understanding the technical feasibility. Ans: False Response: See The Systems Development Life Cycle Difficulty: easy 49. Anne has asked users and managers to identify problems with the as-is system and to describe how to solve them in the to-be system. She is probably in the analysis phase of SDLC. Ans. True Response: See The Systems Development Life Cycle Difficulty: easy 50. Determining business requirements is generally done in the planning phase of the SDLC. Ans: False Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy Difficulty: easy 51. The primary output of the planning phase is the system request. Ans: True Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 52. The primary output of the analysis phase is the system proposal.
- 19. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 14 Ans: True Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 53. The normal sequence of SDLC phase outputs (from beginning to end) would be: system request; system proposal; system specifications; and installed system. Ans: True Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 54. The question ‘Can we build it’ is asked in the design phase. Ans: False Response: See The Systems Development Life Cycle Difficulty: easy 55. Interviewing is generally done in the analysis phase of the SDLC. Ans: True Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 56. Juan is creating use cases. He is working in the design phase of the SDLC. Ans: False Response: See Figure 1-3: Systems Development Life Cycle Phases Difficulty: easy 57. The planning phase of the SDLC will have two steps: project initiation and requirements determination. Ans: False Response: See Planning Difficulty: easy 58. The three feasibility analyses in the text were: organizational feasibility, technical feasibility, and economic feasibility. Ans: True Response: See Planning Difficulty: easy
- 20. Chapter 1 – Systems Analysis and Design – Dennis / Wixom / Roth – page 15 59. Developing navigation methods, database, and file specifications and what architecture to use would occur in the design phase of the SDLC. Ans: True Response: See Design Difficulty: easy 60. A support plan for the system is established in the implementation phase of the SDLC. Ans: True Response: See Implementation Difficulty: easy 61. The project sponsor should have an idea of the business value to be gained from the system. Ans: True Response: See Project Identification and Initiation Difficulty: easy 62. The document that describes the business reasons for building a system and the value that the system is expected to provide is called the “System Proposal.” Ans: False Response: See System Request Difficulty: easy 63. A system request will generally have these items: project sponsor; business need; business requirements; business value; special issues or constraints. Ans: True Response: See System Request Difficulty: medium 64. The three factors in the text for a feasibility analysis are: technical feasibility; organizational feasibility and economic feasibility. Ans: True Response: See Feasibility Analysis Difficulty: easy
- 21. Other documents randomly have different content
- 22. successfully upon the “plate.” But they “spring frightened away”! The cunning, the caution, and the shyness of these animals make all attempts at photographing them very troublesome indeed; for to secure a good result you need plenty of sunlight, besides the absence of trees between you and the desired object. And when everything seems to favour you, there is sure to be something wanting—very probably the camera itself. Fortune favours the photographer at sudden and unexpected moments, and then only for a very short while. One instant too late, and you may have to wait weeks, months, even years for your next opportunity. I would give nine-tenths of the photos I have taken of animal life for some half-dozen others which I was unable to take because I did not have my camera to hand just at the right moment. Thus it was with the photographing of the three lions I killed on January 25, 1897, and of the four others I saw on the same day, on the then almost unknown Athi plains in the Wakikuju country. Also with that great herd of elephants which so nearly did for me, and which I should have dearly liked to photograph just as they began their onrush. (I have told the story in With Flashlight and Rifle.) I remember, too, the sight of a giraffe herd of forty-five head which I came across on November 4, 1897,12 about two days’ journey north- west of the Kilimanjaro. The hunter of to-day would travel over the velt for a very long while before meeting with anything similar. In earlier days immense numbers of long-necked giraffe-like creatures, now extinct, lived on the velt; the rare Okapi, that was discovered in the Central African forests a short time ago, has aroused the interest of zoologists as being a relative of that extinct species.
- 23. C. G. Schillings, phot. A GIRAFFE IN FULL FLIGHT. C. G. Schillings, phot. A GIRAFFE BULL IN AN ACACIA GROVE.
- 24. Within the last hundred or even fifty years, the giraffe itself was to be found in large herds in many parts of Africa. The first giraffe of which we know appeared in the Roman arena. About two hundred years ago we are told some specimens were brought over to Europe, and caused much astonishment. The Nubian menageries some years ago brought a goodly number of the strange beasts to our zoological gardens.13 But how many people have seen giraffes in their native haunts? When, in 1896, I saw them thus for the first time, I realised how thin and wretched our captive specimens are by the side of the splendid creatures of the velt. Le Vaillant, in his accounts of his travels in Cape Colony and the country known to-day as German South-West Africa, gives a spirited description of these animals, and tells how after much labour and trouble he managed to take a carefully dried skin to the coast and to send it to Germany. That was seventy years ago. Since then many Europeans have seen giraffes, but they have told us very little about them. The German explorer Dr. Richard Böhm has given us wonderfully accurate information about them and their ways. But the beautiful water-colours so excellently drawn by a hand so soon to be disabled in Africa, were lost in that dreadful conflagration in which his hunting-box on the peaceful Wala River and most of his diaries were destroyed. Dr. Richard Kandt, whilst on his expeditions in search of the sources of the Nile, found the charred remains of the hut. “Ubi sunt, qui ante nos in mundo fuere?”
- 25. C. G. Schillings, phot. A SUCCESSFUL PHOTOGRAPH, TAKEN AFTER A LONG PURSUIT AND MANY FAILURES.
- 26. C. G. Schillings, phot. TELEPHOTO STUDIES OF GIRAFFES (GIRAFFA SCHILLINGSI, Mtsch.). Zoological experts tell us that there are several species of giraffe inhabiting separate zoological regions. In the districts I traversed, I came across an entirely new species.... Their life and habits interested me beyond measure. I often think of them still—moving about like phantoms among the thorny bushes, and in and out the sunlit woods, or standing out silhouetted against the horizon. Though by nature peaceful, the giraffe is not defenceless—a kick from one of its immense legs, or a blow sideways with the great thick- necked head of a bull, would be quite enough to kill a mere man. But this gigantic beast, whose coat so much resembles that of the blood- thirsty tiger, leopard, and jaguar, never attacks, and only brings its forces into play for purposes of defence. It harms no man, and it has lived on the velt since time immemorial. It is the more to be deplored, therefore, that it should disappear now so quickly and so suddenly.
- 27. I have already remarked several times on the way giraffes and other African mammals harmonise in their colouring with their environment. Professor V. Schmeil has pointed out how my opinion in this respect accords with that of earlier observers.14 The way in which giraffes mingle with their surroundings as regards not only their colour but also their form, is especially astonishing. The illustration on page 550 proves this in a striking manner, for it shows how the outlines of the giraffe correspond exactly with those of the tree close to it. One may spend days and weeks on the velt trying to get near giraffes without result. Far away on the horizon you descry the gigantic “Twigga”—as the Waswahili call it—but every attempt to approach is in vain. Then, all of a sudden it may happen—as it did once to me near the Western Njiri marshes, Nov. 29, 1898—that a herd of giraffes passes quite near you without fear. On the occasion in question, as is so often the case, I had not my photographic apparatus at hand. I could have got some excellent pictures with quite an ordinary camera. The giraffes came towards me until within sixty paces. They then suddenly took wildly to flight. The little herd consisted of nine head: an old very dark-spotted bull, a light-spotted cow, three younger cows with a calf each, and finally a young dark-spotted bull. Orgeich and I had been able to observe the animals quietly as they stood, as if rooted to the spot, with their long necks craned forward, their eyes fixed upon us.15 I cannot explain why the animals were so fearless on that occasion. It was a most unusual occurrence, for ordinarily giraffes manage to give the sportsman a wide berth. Again, it may happen, especially about midday, that the hunter will sight a single giraffe or a whole herd at no very great distance. At these times, if one is endowed with good lungs and is in training, one may get close enough to the creatures before they take to flight.
- 28. Hauptmann Merker, phot. GIRAFFE STUDIES. C. G. Schillings, phot. GIRAFFE STUDIES. Or it may happen that you will sight giraffes about noontide sheltering under the fragrant acacia trees. I remember one occasion especially, in the neighbourhood of the Gelei volcanic hills. I had hardly
- 29. penetrated for more than about a hundred and twenty paces into an acacia wood, when I suddenly saw the legs of several gigantic giraffes —their heads were hidden in the crowns of mimosa. The wind was favourable. I might within a few minutes find myself in the middle of the herd! But, a moment later, I felt the ground tremble and the huge beasts with their hard hoofs were thumping over the sun-baked ground. They crashed through the branches and fled to the next shelter of mimosa trees. Although I might easily have killed some of them, it was absolutely impossible to take a photograph. But I was at times more fortunate in snapshotting single specimens. Carefully and cautiously, I would creep forward, of course alone, leaving my people behind, until I came within about twenty paces of the giraffe. By dodging about the trees or shrubs near which it stood I have sometimes managed to obtain good pictures of the animal making off in its queer way. The utmost caution was necessary. I had to consider not only the place where the animal was but the position of the sun, and that most carefully. The possibility of photographing giraffes with the telephoto lens is very slight indeed. One’s opportunities are turned to best account by the skilful use of an ordinary hand-camera. In this way, also, I managed to get pictures of the peculiar motion of giraffes in full flight. My negatives are a proof of the comparative ease with which native hunters may hunt giraffes with poisoned arrows. I have often met natives in possession of freshly killed giraffe flesh. In most cases bushes and trees are a great hindrance to the taking of photographs, especially of large herds. At such times it was as good as a game of chess between the photographic sportsman and the animals. For hours I have followed them with a camera ready to snapshot, but the far-sighted beasts have always frustrated my plans. Thus passed hours, days and weeks. But good luck would come back again, and I was sometimes able to develop an excellent negative in a camp swarming with mosquitoes. It is especially in the peculiar light attendant on the rainy season and amidst tall growths that giraffes mingle so with their surroundings. It is only when the towering forms are silhouetted against the sky that
- 30. they can be clearly seen on the open velt. At midday, when the velt is shimmering with a thousand waves of light, when everything seems aglow with the dazzling sun, even the most practised eye can scarcely distinguish the outlines of single objects. By such a light the sandy- coloured oryx antelopes and the stag-like waterbuck look coal-black; the uninitiated take zebras for donkeys—they appear so grey—and rhinoceroses resting on the velt for ant-hills. But giraffes especially mingle with the surrounding mimosa woods at this hour in such a way as only those who have seen it could believe possible. When you see these animals in their wild state, your thoughts naturally revert to the penned-up tame specimens in zoological gardens or those preserved in museums. Well do I remember that the first wild zebra I saw looked to me little like a tame specimen in a zoological garden. C. G. Schillings, phot. A HERD OF GIRAFFES: THE LEADER, A POWERFUL OLD BULL, IN THE FOREGROUND.
- 31. C. G. Schillings, phot. TWO GIRAFFES OUT OF A HERD I CAME UPON IN THE VICINITY OF THE MASAI COLONY CALLED KIRARAGUA, NOW ALMOST BEREFT OF WILD LIFE OWING TO THE IMMIGRATION OF THE BOERS. THE ANIMALS MAY HERE BE SEEN IN VERY CHARACTERISTIC SURROUNDINGS, ACACIA WOODS ALTERNATING WITH WIDE EXPANSES COVERED WITH BOWSTRING HEMP.
- 32. C. G. Schillings, phot. HEAD OF A GIRAFFE (GIRAFFA RETICULATA De Winton), KILLED IN SOUTH SOMALILAND BY THE EXPLORER CARLO VON ERLANGER. (BY KIND PERMISSION OF THE BARONESS VON ERLANGER.) The death-knell of the giraffe has tolled. This wonderful and harmless animal16 is being completely annihilated! Fate has decreed that a somewhat near relative should be discovered in later days—namely the Okapi, which inhabits the Central African forests. It may be safely asserted that these unique animals will exist long after the complete extermination of the real giraffe. The species of giraffe, however, which has been dying out in the north and south of the African continent will be represented in the future by pictures within every man’s reach. Every observation as to their habits, every correct
- 33. representation obtained, every specimen preserved for exhibition is of real value. And this I would impress on every intelligent man who has the opportunity of doing any of these things out in the wild. Professor Fritsch saw giraffes in South Africa as late as 1863. Shortly before these lines were printed he gave a glowing account of the impression they then made on him, an impression which was renewed when he saw my pictures. Large herds of giraffes still flourish in remote districts. My friend Carlo von Erlanger, whose early death is much to be regretted, found the animals particularly timid in South Somaliland when he traversed it for the first time. A fine stuffed specimen of these beautifully coloured giraffes is to be found in the Senckenberg Museum in Frankfort-on- Maine. An illustration gives the head of a giraffe killed by my late friend, and proves to the reader how much the two species differ— namely the South Somaliland giraffe as here depicted,17 and that which I was the first to discover in Masailand. We have in Erlanger’s diary and in this illustration the only existing information about the presence of the giraffe in South Somaliland, a region which none but my daring friend and his companions have so far traversed. Hilgert, Carlo von Erlanger’s companion, mentions the frequent presence of the South Somali giraffe, but says that they showed themselves so shy that the members of the expedition generally had to content themselves with the numerous tracks of the animals or with the sight of them in the far distance. Meanwhile an effort is being made to save and protect what remains of the giraffe species in Africa. But there is little hope of ultimate success. I do trust, however, that a wealth of observations, illustrations, and specimens may be secured for our museums before it is too late. In this way, at least, a source of pleasure and information will be provided for future generations, and the giraffe will not share the fate of so many other rare creatures which no gold will ever give back to us.
- 34. With sad, melancholy, wondering eyes the giraffe seems to peer into the world of the present, where there is room for it no longer. Whoever has seen the expression in those eyes, an expression which has been immortalised by poets in song and ballad for thousands of years, will not easily forget it, any more than he will forget the strong impression made on him when he looked at the “Serafa” of the Arabs in the wilderness. Hauptmann, Merker phot. GIRAFFE STUDY.
- 35. C. G. Schillings, phot. A TELEPHOTOGRAPH TAKEN AT A DISTANCE OF 200 PACES.
- 36. C. G. Schillings, phot. GIRAFFA SCHILLINGSI, Mtsch. The day cannot be far distant when the beautiful eyes of the last “Twigga” will close for ever in the desert. No human skill will be able to prevent this, in spite of the progress of human knowledge and human technique. The giraffe can never enter the little circle of domesticated animals. Therefore it must go. Perhaps its eyes will close in the midst of the Elelescho jungle, thus lessening still further the fascination of that survival from the youth of the world.
- 37. CRESTED CRANES ON THE WING.
- 38. A HUNGRY VULTURES IN THE VICINITY OF MY CAMP. XIV Camping out on the Velt MONG the happiest days of my life I reckon those which I spent camping out in the heart of the Nyíka. Nearly every hour there had something fresh to arouse my interest, not only in the life of the wild animals that roamed at large all about, but also in that of the specimens which I had caught or my men had brought to me, and whose habits and ways I could observe within the enclosure of the camp. Of course our unique menagerie could not boast members of all the most attractive species of the African fauna, but it included some very rare and interesting animals which Europe
- 39. has never seen. To know these one must go and live in wildest Africa and see them at home. C. G. Schillings, phot. PITCHING CAMP WITH A VIEW TO A LONG STAY. My camp at times was like a little kingdom. Many of my people went out for weeks together to barter for fruits and vegetables with agrarian tribes. With the rest, I spent my days out in the open, hunting, collecting, and observing. My zoological collection increased daily, time flew by with all the many jobs there were to be done— drying, preserving, preparing, sorting, labelling, and sending off specimens. The primitive camp life was full of interest in spite of its seeming monotony. It was like ruling and ordering a little State. I thoroughly enjoyed this simple existence, in which I seemed to forget the artificial worries of civilisation and to be able to give myself up to my love for nature.
- 40. MY TAXIDERMIST, ORGEICH, AT WORK. Then I learned to appreciate the natives. Of course they are not to be judged from a European standpoint as regards habits and customs, but I shall always remember with pleasure certain strong and good characters among my followers. Nomadic hunters—shy and suspicious as the animals they hunted— sometimes paid us passing visits, whilst the whole world of beasts and birds thronged around our “outpost of civilisation,” so suddenly planted in their midst. My goods and chattels were stowed away in a hut which I had put up myself, and which was protected from wind, rain, and sun by masses of reeds and velt grasses. This hut was of the simplest construction, but I was very proud of it. It was useful not only for protecting zoological collections from the all-pervading rays of the sun, and from rain and cold, but also from the numerous little fiends of insects against which continual warfare has to be waged. The destructive activity of ants is a constant source of annoyance to travellers and
- 41. collectors; I remember how my one-time fellow-traveller Prince Johannes Löwenstein had the flag on his tent destroyed by them in a single night. In one night also these ants bit through the ticket- threads by which my specimens were classified; in one night, again, the tiny fiends destroyed the bottoms of several trunks which had been carelessly put away! One has to wage constant warfare against destroyers of every kind. My cow, which was very valuable to me, not only as giving milk to my people, but also for nourishing young wild animals, was penned at night-time within a thick thorn hedge. My people made themselves more or less skilfully constructed shelters under the bushes and trees. Thus a miniature village grew up, of which I was the despotic ruler. The native hunters who visited us would sometimes accompany me on long expeditions. C. G. Schillings, phot. TERMITEN ANT-HILLS.
- 42. For me there are no “savages.” When an intelligent man comes across a tribe hitherto unknown to him he will carefully study their seemingly strange habits, and thus will soon recognise that they have their own customs and laws which they regard as sacred and immutable, and which order their whole existence. He will no longer desire the natives to adopt the manners and customs of the white man, for which they are absolutely unsuited. But by the time I got friendly with these nomads they were off again. It is against their habits to stay long in one place, and they do not willingly enter into close relations with a European—or indeed with any one. Suddenly one fine morning we find their sleeping quarters empty; they have disappeared, never to return. No obligation, no command, would ever bind these wanderers to one place. Children of the moment, children of the wilderness, their lives are spent in constant roaming. I hardly ever had a leisure hour, for there was much to arrange and see to in my camp. I had many functions to perform. I was my own commissioner of public safety; I looked after the commissariat; I was doctor and judge. I supervised all the other offices and pursued a number of handicrafts. Like Hans Sach I followed with pride the avocations of shoemaker, tailor, joiner, and smith, my very scanty acquaintance with all these various trades being put to astonishingly good use. I was like the one-eyed man among the blind. What judgments of Solomon have I not given! Once two of my best people quarrelled, an Askari and his wife. The serious character of the quarrel could be estimated from the noise of weeping and the sound of blows that had proceeded from their tent. The man wished to separate from his wife. “Why did you beat your wife last night?” The Askari (who has served under both German and English masters) stands to attention.
- 43. “Because she was badly behaved—I will not keep her any more—I am sending her away.” “But why—rafiki yangu?—my friend? Such things will happen at times, but it is not always so bad—see? Who will look after you? who will prepare your meals? Look at her once more; she is very pretty—don’t you think so? And she cooks very well” (both parties, as well as the bystanders, are smiling by now). “Go along, then, and make friends.” And they go and make friends. A deputation of the Waparis come to the camp. They crouch down near my tent and beg for a “rain charm” to bring down showers upon their fields. It is somewhat difficult to help them. I take the gifts which they bring to pay for the charm and make them a more valuable return, and by means of the barometer I am able to foretell rain. They gaze at the wizard and his charm wonderingly, and come again later to see them both.