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1
Copyright © 2012 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall
Test Banks for Essentials of Systems Analysis and
Design 5th Edition by Valacich
full chapter at: https://testbankbell.com/product/test-banks-for-
essentials-of-systems-analysis-and-design-5th-edition-by-valacich/
Essentials of Systems Analysis and Design, 5e (Valacich/George/Hoffer)
Chapter 1 The Systems Development Environment
1) The end user is not the person in the organization most involved in the systems analysis and
design process.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3
2) Systems analysis is the second phase of the systems development life cycle.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 3
3) The main goal of systems analysis and design is to improve organizational systems, typically
through applying software that can help employees accomplish key business tasks more easily
and efficiently.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4
4) Components are parts, or aggregation of parts of the system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
5) A boundary is the point of contact where a system meets its environment or where subsystems
meet each other.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
6) An information system interacts with its environment when it processes data.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
7) An interface separates a system from other systems.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
8) A system's environment is everything outside a system's boundary that influences the system.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
9) Interfaces exist between subsystems.
Answer: TRUE

2
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
10) A system's capacity can be viewed as a system constraint.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
11) Cohesion is the process of breaking down a system into its smaller components.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8
12) Coupling results in smaller and less complex systems that are easier to understand than
larger, complicated systems.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 9
13) Decomposition allows the systems analyst to build different parts of the system at
independent times and have the help of different analysts.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8
14) Component focusing allows the systems analyst to break a system into small, manageable,
and understandable subsystems.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8
15) Modularity is a direct result of decomposition.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 9
16) Modularity divides a system into chunks or modules of a relatively uniform size.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9
17) Cohesion is the extent to which subsystems depend on each other.
Answer: FALSE
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9
18) Systems analysts are key to the systems development process.
Answer: TRUE
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 11
19) A systems development methodology is a standard process followed in an organization to
conduct all the steps necessary to analyze, design, implement, and maintain information systems.
Answer: TRUE
20) A systems development technique is the series of steps used to mark the phases of

3
development for an information system.
Answer: FALSE

4
21) The systems development life cycle is a sequentially ordered set of phases.
Answer: FALSE
22) The phases of the systems development life cycle are circular in nature.
Answer: TRUE
23) In the systems development life cycle, it is possible to complete some activities in one phase
in parallel with some activities of another phase.
Answer: TRUE
24) Sometimes the systems development life cycle (SDLC) is iterative.
Answer: TRUE
25) A feasibility study is conducted before the second phase of the SDLC to determine the
economic and organizational impact of the system.
Answer: TRUE
26) The second task in systems analysis is to investigate the system and determine the proposed
system's scope.
Answer: FALSE
27) The output of the systems planning and selection phase is a description of the alternative
solution recommended by the analysis team.
Answer: FALSE
28) Logical design is tied to a specific hardware and software platform.
Answer: FALSE
29) During logical design, the analyst team decides which programming languages the computer
instructions should be written in, which database systems and file structures will be used for the
data, and which hardware platform, operating system, and network environment the system will
run under.
Answer: FALSE
30) Systems implementation and operation is the final phase of the SDLC.
Answer: TRUE

5
31) During installation, the new system becomes part of the daily activities of the organization.
Answer: TRUE
32) During operation, programmers make the changes that users ask for and modify the system
to reflect changing business conditions.
Answer: TRUE
33) Involving the user in analysis and design is a key advantage to the prototyping technique.
Answer: TRUE
34) Joint application design (JAD) is a structured process in which users, managers, and analysts
work together for several days in a series of intensive meetings to specify or review system
requirements.
Answer: TRUE
35) A key principle of the Agile Methodologies is a clear focus on people rather than roles.
Answer: TRUE
36) Rapid application development (RAD) sacrifices human efficiency when rapidly building
and rebuilding working systems.
Answer: FALSE
37) The organizational role most responsible for the analysis and design of information systems
best describes a:
A) business manager.
B) systems analyst.
C) chief information officer.
D) database analyst.
E) network administrator.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 3
38) The information system includes all of the following EXCEPT:
A) hardware and software.
B) training materials.
C) people who use the software.
D) capital investment.
Answer: D
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 4

6
39) The process of developing and maintaining an information system best describes:
A) joint application design.
B) prototyping.
C) information systems analysis and design.
D) information technology infrastructure development.
E) systems implementation.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4
40) Software designed to support the payroll function would best be classified as:
A) application software.
B) system software.
C) design software.
D) analysis software.
E) a decision support system.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4
41) An information system includes each of the following EXCEPT:
A) application software.
B) culture.
C) documentation and training materials.
D) specific job roles associated with the overall system.
E) controls.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4
42) Your primary responsibility as a systems analyst concerns:
A) people.
B) hardware.
C) application software development.
D) controls.
E) documentation and training materials.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
43) A sequence of step-by-step approaches that help develop the information system best
describes:
A) techniques.
B) tools.
C) methodologies.
D) data flows.
E) flow charts.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5

7
44) The particular processes that an analyst will follow to help ensure that his work is complete,
well done, and understood by project team members best defines:
A) techniques.
B) tools.
C) methodologies.
D) data flows.
E) flow charts.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
45) A group of interrelated procedures used for a business function, with an identifiable
boundary, working together for some purpose, best defines:
A) environment.
B) system component.
C) constraint.
D) interface.
E) system.
Answer: E
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6
46) Computer programs that make it easy to use specific techniques are best defined as:
A) techniques.
B) tools.
C) methodologies.
D) data flows.
E) flow charts.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
47) Which of the following is NOT a system characteristic?
A) Scope
B) Output
C) Input
D) Interface
E) Boundary
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 6
48) Dependence of one part of the system on one or more other system parts best describes:
A) boundary.
B) interrelated components.
C) cohesion.
D) dependency.
E) component.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7

8
49) The line that marks the inside and outside of the system that sets off the system from its
environment, best defines:
A) delineation mark.
B) boundary.
C) scope.
D) interface.
E) analysis area.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
50) An irreducible part, or an aggregation of parts within a system, is called a(n):
A) component.
B) input.
C) interface.
D) constraint.
Answer: A
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
51) An aggregation of parts is also called a(n):
A) interface.
B) subsystem.
C) collection.
D) accumulation.
Answer: B
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
52) The overall goal or function of a system best defines:
A) purpose.
B) goal.
C) objective.
D) scope.
E) mission.
Answer: A
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
53) The environment of a state university would NOT include:
A) prospective students.
B) the legislature.
C) the president's office.
D) the news media.
E) a foundation.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7

9
54) The point of contact where a system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each
other best describes:
A) boundary points.
B) interfaces.
C) contact points.
D) merge points.
E) forks.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
55) The process of breaking the description of a system down into its smaller components best
defines:
A) coupling.
B) cohesion.
C) decomposition.
D) modularity.
E) scaling.
Answer: C
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8
56) Which of the following is NOT a function of decomposition?
A) Permit different parts of the system to be built at the same time by the same person
B) Allow attention to be concentrated on the part of the system pertinent to a particular audience,
without confusing people with details irrelevant to their interests
C) Facilitate the focusing of attention on one area (subsystem) at a time without interference
from other parts
D) Break a system into smaller, more manageable and understandable subsystems
E) Build different parts of the system at independent times and have the help of different analysts
Answer: A
Diff: 3 Page Ref: 8
57) Which of the following is a direct result of decomposition?
A) Coupling
B) Open systems
C) Cohesion
D) Modularity
E) Interfaces
Answer: D
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9

10
58) The extent to which subsystems depend on each other refers to:
A) modularity.
B) coupling.
C) decomposition.
D) dependence.
E) cohesion.
Answer: B
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9
59) The extent to which a system or subsystem performs a single function defines:
A) modularity.
B) coupling.
C) decomposition.
D) dependence.
E) cohesion.
Answer: E
60) Today, systems development focuses on:
A) modularity.
B) coupling.
C) decomposition.
D) systems integration.
E) systems implementation.
Answer: D
61) Which of the following allows hardware and software from different vendors to work
together in an application?
A) Systems coupling
B) Systems integration
C) Systems decomposition
D) Participatory design
E) Joint application design
Answer: B
62) Analytical skills:
A) help you work with end users, as well as other analysts and programmers.
B) help you understand the potential and the limitations of information technology.
C) help you manage projects, resources, risk, and change.
D) enable you to understand the organization and its functions, to identify opportunities and
problems, and to analyze and solve problems.
E) promote an understanding of the different types of information systems.
Answer: D

11
63) Technical skills:
Answer: B
64) Management skills:
Answer: C
65) Interpersonal skills:
Answer: A
66) The need for a new or enhanced system is identified during:
A) systems planning and selection.
B) systems coding.
C) systems analysis.
D) systems design.
E) systems implementation and operation.
Answer: A

12
67) In which SDLC phase will the analyst study the organization's current procedures and the
information systems used to perform tasks?
A) Systems planning and selection
B) Systems observation
C) Systems analysis
D) Systems design
E) Systems implementation and operation
Answer: C
68) In which phase will the systems analyst convert the description of the recommended
alternative solution into logical and then physical system specifications?
B) Systems conversion
C) Systems analysis
D) Systems design
Answer: D
69) A description of the alternative solution recommended by the analysis team is provided
during the:
A) systems planning and selection phase.
B) systems design phase.
C) systems analysis phase.
D) systems implementation and operation phase.
E) systems alternative selection phase.
Answer: C
70) In which SDLC phase is the information system coded, tested, and installed in the
organization?
B) Systems replacement
C) Systems analysis
D) Systems design
Answer: E

13
71) Priorities for systems and projects are deliverables for the:
A) systems planning and selection phase.
B) systems analysis phase.
C) systems design phase.
D) systems priority phase.
E) systems implementation and operation phase.
Answer: A
72) Which of the following is NOT an approach to systems development?
A) Prototyping
B) Reengineering analysis
C) Joint application design
D) Agile Methodologies
E) Rapid application development
Answer: B
73) Building a scaled-down version of the desired system best describes:
A) prototyping.
B) Agile Methodologies.
C) joint application design.
D) reengineering analysis.
E) rapid application development.
Answer: A
74) A systems development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design
and implement information systems best describes:
A) Participatory Design (PD).
B) rapid application development.
D) CASE.
E) Agile Methodologies.
Answer: B
75) A systems development approach that originated in northern Europe, in which users and the
improvement of their work lives are the central focus, best defines:
A) Participatory Design (PD).
D) CASE.
Answer: A

14
76) A centralized database that contains all diagrams, forms and report definitions, data structure,
data definitions, process flows and logic, and definitions of other organizational and system
components best describes:
A) information safe.
B) code generator.
C) repository.
D) data generator.
E) project database.
Answer: C
77) Current approaches to systems development that focus on adaptive methodologies, people
instead of roles, and an overall self-adaptive development process best defines:
A) Participatory Design.
D) CASE.
Answer: E
78) The three key principles shared by the Agile Methodologies include:
A) a focus on predictive methodologies.
B) a focus on roles.
C) a focus on self-adaptive processes.
D) all of the above.
E) none of the above.
Answer: C

15
Match each of the following SDLC phases with its corresponding definition.
a. Systems planning and selection
b. Systems design
c. Systems implementation and operation
d. Systems analysis
79) The phase of the SDLC in which the current system is studied and alternative replacement
systems are proposed
Answer: d
80) The phase of the SDLC in which the system chosen for development in systems analysis is
first described independently of any computer platform and is then transformed into technology-
specific details from which all programming and system construction can be accomplished
Answer: b
81) The first phase of the SDLC, in which an organization's total information system needs are
analyzed and arranged, and in which a potential information systems project is identified and an
argument for continuing or not continuing with the project is presented
Answer: a
82) The final phase of the SDLC, in which the information system is coded, tested, and installed
in the organization, and in which the information system is systematically repaired and improved
Answer: c

16
Match each of the following terms with its corresponding definition.
a. Technical skills
b. Interpersonal skills
c. Analytical skills
d. Management skills
83) Help you manage projects, resources, risk, and change
Answer: d
84) Help you understand the potential and the limitations of information technology
Answer: a
85) Enable you to understand the organization and its functions, to identify opportunities and
problems, and to analyze and solve problems
Answer: c
86) Help you work with end users, as well as other analysts and programmers
Answer: b

17
Match each of the following terms with its corresponding definition.
a. Participatory Design
b. Joint Application Design
c. Rapid Application Development
d. Prototyping
e. Agile Methodologies
f. Repository
g. CASE
87) Building a scaled-down version of the desired information system
Answer: d
88) A structured process in which users, managers, and analysts work together for several days
in a series of intensive meetings to specify or review system requirements
Answer: b
89) A systems development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design
and implement information systems
Answer: c
90) Current approaches to systems development that focus on adaptive methodologies, people
instead of roles, and an overall self-adaptive development process
Answer: e
91) Software tool that provides automated support for some portion of the systems development
process
Answer: g
92) A centralized database that contains all diagrams, forms and report definitions, data structure,
data definitions, process flows and logic, and definitions of other organizational and system
components
Answer: f
93) A systems development approach that originated in northern Europe in which users and the
improvement of their work lives are the central focus
Answer: a

18
Match each of the following system characteristics with its corresponding description.
a. Component
b. Boundary
c. Constraint
d. Environment
e. Input
f. Interface
g. Interrelated components
h. Output
i. Purpose
94) The line that marks the inside and outside of the system, and that sets off one system from
other systems in the organization
Answer: b
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
95) Dependence of one part of the system on one or more other system parts
Answer: g
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6
96) The overall goal or function of a system
Answer: i
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6
97) An irreducible part or aggregation of parts that make up a system
Answer: a
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
98) Point of contact where a system meets its environment or where subsystems meet each other
Answer: f
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
99) A limit to what a system can accomplish
Answer: c
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
100) Everything external to a system that interacts with the system
Answer: d
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
101) Receives this from the outside, processes it, and returns the results to the environment
Answer: e
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7

19
102) This is returned to the environment
Answer: h
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 7
103) In addition to application software, discuss what else comprises an information system.
Answer: Besides the application software, an information system consists of the following:
a. Hardware
b. Systems software which runs the application software on the hardware
c. Documentation and training materials
d. Specific job roles associated with the overall system
e. Controls to prevent theft and fraud
f. People who use the software
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 4
104) What are methodologies, techniques, and tools?
Answer: Methodologies are comprehensive, multiple-step approaches to systems development.
Techniques are particular processes that you follow to help ensure that your work is complete,
well-done, and understood by others. Tools are typically computer programs that make it easier
to use and benefit from techniques and to follow faithfully the guidelines of the overall
development methodology. The techniques and tools should support the chosen methodology.
Methodologies, techniques, and tools work together to form an organizational approach to
systems analysis and design.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 5
105) Briefly define the term system.
Answer: A system is an interrelated set of procedures which are used within one business unit to
work together for some purpose. Systems have a distinct purpose, such as keeping track of
customer orders or paying vendors for supplies.
Diff: 1 Page Ref: 6
106) Describe the term component as related to systems. Discuss how components can work
together.
Answer: A system is made up of components, which are either irreducible or an aggregate of
other components. Within a system, components are interrelated in such ways that one
component might work with another component in order to accomplish one of the tasks which
the system is designed to complete.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 7
107) Describe what decomposition is used for.
Answer: Decomposition results in smaller pieces of a system which are then easier to work with.
This is accomplished by breaking a system down into smaller components. Decomposition
allows the systems analyst to focus attention on one area of the system, focus on one part of the
system pertinent to a group of users and build parts of the system independently.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 8

20
108) Why is coupling not advantageous for systems?
Answer: Coupling occurs when subsystems are dependent upon each other. In general,
subsystems should be built to be independent of each other. In this way, if one subsystem fails
then the other is not impacted.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 9
109) Describe the role of a systems analyst.
Answer: A systems analyst has the primary role to study the problems and needs of an
organization to determine how to best combine people, methods and information technology in
order to improve the organization. In addition, he or she helps users and business managers
define their requirements for a project.
110) Discuss the types of skills needed in order to succeed as a systems analyst.
Answer: Systems analysts need to develop 4 types of skills in order to succeed. Analytical skills
are needed to understand the organization and its functions, identify opportunities and problems
and to analyze and solve problems. Technical skills help you to understand the potential and
limitation of information technology. Management skills help you to manage projects as well as
the people involved. Finally, interpersonal skills help you to work with users as well as other
members of the technical team.
111) List and briefly describe the four major SDLC phases.
Answer: The four phases are systems planning and selection, systems analysis, systems design,
and systems implementation and operation. Systems planning and selection is the first phase of
the SDLC, in which an organization's total information system needs are analyzed and arranged,
and in which a potential information systems project is identified and an argument for continuing
or not continuing with the project is presented. During systems analysis, the current system is
studied and alternative replacement systems are proposed. During systems design, analysts
convert the description of the proposed system into logical and then physical system
specifications. During systems implementation and operation, the information system is coded,
tested, and installed in the organization. During this phase the system is systematically repaired
and improved.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 12-13

21
112) List and briefly discuss six approaches to systems development.
Answer: Prototyping, Computer-Aided Software Engineering tools, joint application design,
rapid application development, Participatory Design, and Agile Methodologies are the six
approaches mentioned in the textbook. Prototyping is an iterative process of systems
development by which requirements are converted to a working system. The prototype is
continually revised through close work between an analyst and users. The analyst builds the
prototype from requirements supplied by the end users. Once the prototype is completed, it is
evaluated by the end users. Based on the feedback provided by the end users, the analyst will
modify the prototype. This results in an iterative process that continues until users are satisfied.
Computer-aided software engineering (CASE) tools provide automated support for some part of
the systems development process. Joint application design (JAD) is a structured process in which
users, managers, and analysts work together for several days in a series of intensive meetings to
specify or review system requirements. By promoting group participation, time and
organizational resources are better managed. Also, the group is more likely to develop a shared
understanding of the IS purpose. Rapid application development (RAD) is a systems
development methodology created to radically decrease the time needed to design and implement
information systems. Participatory Design is a systems development approach that originated in
northern Europe, in which users and the improvement in their work lives are the central focus.
Agile Methodologies focus on adaptive methodologies, people instead of roles, and an overall
self-adaptive development process.
Diff: 2 Page Ref: 18-21
113) Briefly discuss prototyping.
Answer: When one designs and builds a scaled-down version of a system, this is called
prototyping. A prototype can be built with a CASE tool, which automates many of the steps in
the systems development life cycle. The prototype is given to the user for feedback and then
revised as needed. This is done iteratively. The key advantages to this approach are: involvement
of the user in the design of the system and the ability to capture requirements in a concrete
format.
114) Identify six general types of CASE tools.
Answer: Diagramming tools, computer display and report generators, analysis tools, central
repository, documentation generators, and code generators are the six general types of CASE
tools mentioned in the textbook.
115) Briefly discuss joint application design.
Answer: Joint application design is a structured process which brings together users, managers
and analysts for several days of intensive meetings to specify or review system requirements.
This approach utilizes time and organizational resources much better.

22
116) What is participatory design?
Answer: Participatory design is an approach to systems development where the central focus is
on users and the improvement of their work lives. It was originally developed in northern
Europe.

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And with hym a litul page.
40
‘Be my feith,’ seid Litul John to Moch,
‘I can þe tel tithyngus gode;
I se wher þe munke cumys rydyng,
I know hym be his wyde hode.’
41
They went in to the way, þese ȝemen boþe,
As curtes men and hende;
Þei spyrred tithyngus at þe munke,
As they hade bene his frende.
42
‘Ffro whens come ȝe?’ seid Litull Jon,
‘Tel vs tithyngus, I yow pray,
Off a false owtlay, [callid Robyn Hode,]
Was takyn ȝisterday.
43
‘He robbyt me and my felowes boþe
Of twenti marke in serten;
If þat false owtlay be takyn,
Ffo soþe e olde be fa n ’

Ffor soþe we wolde be fayn.’
44
‘So did he me,’ seid þe munke,
‘Of a hundred pound and more;
I layde furst hande hym apon,
Ȝe may thonke me þerfore.’
45
‘I pray God thanke you,’ seid Litull John,
‘And we wil when we may;
We wil go with you, with your leve,
And bryng yow on your way.
46
‘Ffor Robyn Hode hase many a wilde felow,
I tell you in certen;
If þei wist ȝe rode þis way,
In feith ȝe shulde be slayn.’
47
As þei went talking be þe way,
The munke and Litull John,
John toke þe munkis horse be þe hede,
Fful sone and anon.
48
Johne toke þe munkis horse be þe hed,
Ffor soþe as I yow say;
So did Much þe litull page,
Ffor he shulde not scape away.
49
Be þe golett of þe hode
John pulled þe munke down;
John was nothyng of hym agast,
He lete hym falle on his crown.

50
Litull John was so[re] agrevyd,
And drew owt his swerde in hye;
This munke saw he shulde be ded,
Lowd mercy can he crye.
51
‘He was my maister,’ seid Litull John,
‘Þat þou hase browȝt in bale;
Shalle þou neuer cum at our kyng,
Ffor to telle hym tale.’
52
John smote of þe munkis hed,
No longer wolde he dwell;
So did Moch þe litull page,
Ffor ferd lest he wolde tell.
53
Þer þei beryed hem boþe,
In nouþer mosse nor lyng,
And Litull John and Much infere
Bare þe letturs to oure kyng.
54
. . . . . . .
He knelid down vpon his kne:
‘God ȝow saue, my lege lorde,
Ihesus yow saue and se!
55
‘God yow saue, my lege kyng!’
To speke John was full bolde;
He gaf hym þe letturs in his hond,
The kyng did hit vnfold.
56

56
Þe kyng red þe letturs anon,
And seid, So mot I the,
Þer was neuer ȝoman in mery Inglond
I longut so sore to se.
57
‘Wher is þe munke þat þese shuld haue brouȝt?’
Oure kyng can say:
‘Be my trouth,’ seid Litull John,
‘He dyed after þe way.’
58
Þe kyng gaf Moch and Litul Jon
Twenti pound in sertan,
And made þeim ȝemen of þe crown,
And bade þeim go agayn.
59
He gaf John þe seel in hand,
The sheref for to bere,
To bryng Robyn hym to,
And no man do hym dere.
60
John toke his leve at oure kyng,
Þe sothe as I yow say;
Þe next way to Notyngham
To take, he ȝede þe way.
61
Whan John came to Notyngham
The ȝatis were sparred ychon;
John callid vp þe porter,
He answerid sone anon.
62
‘What is þe cause ’ seid Litul Jon

What is þe cause, seid Litul Jon,
‘Þou sparris þe ȝates so fast?’
‘Because of Robyn Hode,’ seid [þe] porter,
‘In depe prison is cast.
63
‘John and Moch and Wyll Scathlok,
Ffor sothe as I yow say,
Þei slew oure men vpon our wallis,
And sawten vs euery day.’
64
Litull John spyrred after þe schereff,
And sone he hym fonde;
He oppyned þe kyngus priue seell,
And gaf hym in his honde.
65
Whan þe scheref saw þe kyngus seell,
He did of his hode anon:
‘Wher is þe munke þat bare þe letturs?’
He seid to Litull John.
66
‘He is so fayn of hym,’ seid Litul John,
‘Ffor soþe as I yow say,
He has made hym abot of Westmynster,
A lorde of þat abbay.’
67
The scheref made John gode chere,
And gaf hym wyne of the best;
At nyȝt þei went to her bedde,
And euery man to his rest.
68
When þe scheref was on slepe,
Dronken of wyne and ale

Dronken of wyne and ale,
Litul John and Moch for soþe
Toke þe way vnto þe jale.
69
Litul John callid vp þe jayler,
And bade hym rise anon;
He seyd Robyn Hode had brokyn prison,
And out of hit was gon.
70
The porter rose anon sertan,
As sone as he herd John calle;
Litul John was redy with a swerd,
And bare hym to þe walle.
71
‘Now wil I be porter,’ seid Litul John,
‘And take þe keyes in honde:’
He toke þe way to Robyn Hode,
And sone he hym vnbonde.
72
He gaf hym a gode swerd in his hond,
His hed [ther]with for to kepe,
And ther as þe walle was lowyst
Anon down can þei lepe.
73
Be þat þe cok began to crow,
The day began to spryng;
The scheref fond þe jaylier ded,
The comyn bell made he ryng.
74
He made a crye thoroout al þe tow[n],
Wheder he be ȝoman or knave,
Þat cowþe bryng hym Robyn Hode

Þat cowþe bryng hym Robyn Hode,
His warison he shuld haue.
75
‘Ffor I dar neuer,’ said þe scheref,
‘Cum before oure kyng;
Ffor if I do, I wot serten
Ffor soþe he wil me heng.’
76
The scheref made to seke Notyngham,
Bothe be strete and stye,
And Robyn was in mery Scherwode,
As liȝt as lef on lynde.
77
Then bespake gode Litull John,
To Robyn Hode can he say,
I haue done þe a gode turne for an euyll,
Quyte þe whan þou may.
78
‘I haue done þe a gode turne,’ seid Litull John,
‘Ffor sothe as I yow say;
I haue brouȝt þe vnder grene-wode lyne;
Ffare wel, and haue gode day.’
79
‘Nay, be my trouth,’ seid Robyn Hode,
‘So shall hit neuer be;
I make þe maister,’ seid Robyn Hode,
‘Off alle my men and me.’
80
‘Nay, be my trouth,’ seid Litull John,
‘So shalle hit neuer be;
But lat me be a felow,’ seid Litull John,
‘No noder kepe I be ’

No noder kepe I be.
81
Thus John gate Robyn Hod out of prison,
Sertan withoutyn layn;
Whan his men saw hym hol and sounde,
Ffor sothe they were full fayne.
82
They filled in wyne, and made hem glad,
Vnder þe levys smale,
And ȝete pastes of venyson,
Þat gode was with ale.
83
Than worde came to oure kyng
How Robyn Hode was gon,
And how þe scheref of Notyngham
Durst neuer loke hym vpon.
84
Then bespake oure cumly kyng,
In an angur hye:
Litull John hase begyled þe schereff,
In faith so hase he me.
85
Litul John has begyled vs bothe,
And þat full wel I se;
Or ellis þe schereff of Notyngham
Hye hongut shulde he be.
86
‘I made hem ȝemen of þe crowne,
And gaf hem fee with my hond;
I gaf hem grith,’ seid oure kyng,
‘Thorowout all mery Inglond.

87
‘I gaf theym grith,’ þen seid oure kyng;
‘I say, so mot I the,
Ffor sothe soch a ȝeman as he is on
In all Inglond ar not thre.
88
‘He is trew to his maister,’ seid our kyng;
‘I sey, be swete Seynt John,
He louys better Robyn Hode
Then he dose vs ychon.
89
‘Robyn Hode is euer bond to hym,
Bothe in strete and stalle;
Speke no more of this mater,’ seid oure kyng,
‘But John has begyled vs alle.’
90
Thus endys the talkyng of the munke
And Robyn Hode i-wysse;
God, þat is euer a crowned kyng,
Bryng vs all to his blisse!
a.
A curl over final n, as in Robyn, John, on,
sawten, etc.; a crossed h, as in John, mych,
etc.; crossed ll, as in full, litull, well, etc.; a
hooked g, as in mornyng, kyng, etc., have
been treated as not significant. As to Robyn, cf.
7
3
, 11
1,3
, 13
4
, 14
1
, etc., where there is simple n;
as to John, 10
1,3
, 14
3
, 31
4
, etc., where we have

Jon; as to Litull, 14
1,3
, 39
1
, 68
3
, 69
1
, 70
3
, 71
1
,
where we have Litul. And is printed for &; be
twene, be fore, be side, be held, be spake, þer
with, thorow out, with outen, etc., are joined.
3
1
. tide no longer legible.
7
1
. seid h ..., illegible after h.
8
3,6
. xij.
10
1
. þ
i
nown.
12
4
, 13
3
. v s’.
14
1
. lyed before Robyn struck through.
23
3
. of a C li.
27
1
. thorow at: but cf. 30
2
.
27
4
. xij.
30
1
. Robyns men to the churche ran: Madden.
There are no men with Robin. “This line is
almost illegible. It certainly begins with Robyn,
and the second word is not men. I read it,
Robyn into the churche ran.” Skeat.
30
2
. A gap here between two pages, and there
are commonly six stanzas to a page. At least
six are required for the capture of Robin Hood
and the conveying of the tidings to his men.

43
2
. Of xx.
44
1
. me me in my copy, probably by
inadvertence.
44
2
. Of a C li.
53
1
. hym.
56
1
. Þ
e
kyng.
58
2
. xx li.
77
4
. b has Quit me, which is perhaps better.
78
2
. perhaps saie; nearly illegible.
90
2
. I wysse.
b.
69
3
. þe prison.
70
4
. throw to.
71
1
. be jayler.
71
2
. toke.
72
2
. hed ther with.
72
3
. wallis were.
72
4
. down ther they.
77
2
. [t]hen for can (?).
77
4
. Quit me.

78
2
. the saye.
78
3
. þe grene.
79
1,3
. Hode wanting.

120
ROBIN HOOD’S DEATH
A. ‘Robin Hoode his Death,’ Percy MS., p. 21; Hales
and Furnivall, I, 53.
B. ‘Robin Hood’s Death and Burial.’ a. The English
Archer, Paisley, John Neilson, 1786: Bodleian
Library, Douce, F. F. 71 (6), p. 81. b. The English
Archer, York, printed by N. Nickson, in Feasegate,
n. d.: Bodleian Library, Douce, F. F. 71 (4), p. 70.
B is given in Ritson’s Robin Hood, 1795, II, 183,
“from a collation of two different copies” of a York
garland, “containing numerous variations, a few of
which are retained in the margin.”
A. Robin Hood is ailing, and is convinced that the
only course for him is to go to Kirklees priory for
blooding. Will Scarlet cannot counsel this, unless his

master take fifty bowmen with him; for a yeoman
lives there with whom there is sure to be a quarrel.
Robin bids Scarlet stay at home, if he is afraid.
Scarlet, seeing that his master is wroth, will say no
more.
[91]
Robin Hood will have no one go with him
but Little John, who shall carry his bow. John
proposes that they shall shoot for a penny along the
way, and Robin assents.
The opening of the ballad resembles that of Robin
Hood and the Monk. There Robin’s soul is ill at ease,
as here his body, and he resolves to go to
Nottingham for mass; Much, the Miller’s son, advises
a guard of twelve yeomen; Robin will take none with
him except John, to bear his bow;
[92]
and John
suggests that they shall shoot for a penny as they
go.
A very interesting passage of the story here
followed, of which we can barely guess the contents,
owing to nine stanzas having been torn away. Robin
Hood and John keep up their shooting all the way,
until they come to a black water, crossed by a plank.
On the plank an old woman is kneeling, and banning
Robin Hood. Robin Hood asks why, but the answer is
lost, and it is not probable that we shall ever know:
out of her proper malignancy, surely, or because she
is a hired witch, for Robin is the friend of lowly folk.
But if this old woman is banning, others, no doubt

women, are weeping, for somehow they have
learned that he is to be let blood that day at the
priory, and foresee that ill will come of it. Robin is
disturbed by neither banning nor weeping; the
prioress is his cousin, and would not harm him for
the world. So they shoot on until they come to
Kirklees.
Robin makes the prioress a present of twenty
pound, with a promise of more when she wants, and
she falls to work with her bleeding-irons. The thick
blood comes, and then the thin, and Robin knows
that there has been treason. John asks, What cheer?
Robin answers, Little good. Nine stanzas are again
wanting, and again in a place where we are not
helped by the other version. John must call from the
outside of the building, judging by what follows. An
altercation seems to pass between Robin and some
one; we should suppose between Robin and Red
Roger. Robin slips out of a shot-window, and as he
does so is thrust through the side by Red Roger.
Robin swoops off Red Roger’s head, and leaves him
for dogs to eat. Then Red Roger must be below, and
John is certainly below. He would have seen to Red
Roger had they both been within. But John must be
under a window on a different side of the building
from that whence Robin issues, for otherwise, again,
he would have seen to Red Roger. We are driven to

suppose that the words in st. 19 pass between Robin
above and Roger below.
Though Robin is near his last breath, he has, he
says, life enough to take his housel. He must get it in
a very irregular way, but he trusts it will “bestand”
him.
[93]
John asks his master’s leave to set fire to
Kirklees, but Robin will not incur God’s blame by
harming any woman [“widow”] at his latter end. Let
John make his grave of gravel and greet, set his
sword at his head, his arrows at his feet, and lay his
bow by his side.
[94]
B, though found only in late garlands, is in the fine
old strain. Robin Hood says to Little John that he can
no longer shoot matches, his arrows will not flee; he
must go to a cousin to be let blood. He goes, alone,
to Kirkley nunnery, and is received with a show of
cordiality. His cousin bloods him, locks him up in the
room, and lets him bleed all the livelong day, and
until the next day at noon. Robin bethinks himself of
escaping through a casement, but is not strong
enough. He sets his horn to his mouth and blows
thrice, but so wearily that Little John, hearing, thinks
his master must be nigh to death. John comes to
Kirkley, breaks the locks, and makes his way to
Robin’s presence. He begs the boon of setting fire to
Kirkley, but Robin has never hurt woman in all his
life, and will not at his end. He asks for his bow to

shoot his last shot, and where the arrow lights there
his grave shall be.
[95]
His grave is to be of gravel and
green, long enough and broad enough, a sod under
his head, another at his feet, and his bow by his
side, that men may say, Here lies bold Robin Hood.
The account of Robin Hood’s death which is given
in The Gest, agrees as to the main items with what
we find in A. The prioress of Kirkesly, his near
kinswoman, betrayed him when he went to the
nunnery to be let blood, and this she did upon
counsel with Sir Roger of Donkester, with whom she
was intimate. The Life of Robin Hood in the Sloane
MS, which is mostly made up from The Gest,
naturally repeats this story.
Grafton, in his Chronicle, 1569, citing “an olde and
auncient pamphlet,” says: For the sayd Robert Hood,
beyng afterwardes troubled with sicknesse, came to
a certain nonry in Yorkshire, called Bircklies, where,
desiryng to be let blood, he was betrayed and bled to
death: edition of 1809, p. 221. So the Harleian MS,
No 1233, article 199, of the middle of the
seventeenth century, and not worth citing, but cited
by Ritson. According to Stanihurst, in Holinshed’s
Ireland (p. 28 of ed. of 1808), after Robin Hood had
been betrayed at a nunnery in Scotland called
Bricklies, Little John was fain to flee the realm, and
went to Ireland, where he executed an extraordinary

shot, by which he thought his safety compromised,
and so removed to Scotland, and died there.
Martin Parker’s True Tale of Robin Hood, which
professes to be collected from chronicles, ascribes
Robin Hood’s death to a faithless friar, who
pretended “in love to let him blood,” when he had a
fever, and allowed him to bleed to death. Robin Hood
and the Valiant Knight, a late and thoroughly
worthless broadside ballad, says simply, He sent for a
monk to let him blood, who took his life away.
A Russian popular song has an interesting likeness
to the conclusion of Robin Hood’s Death. The last
survivor of a band of brigands, feeling death to be
nigh, exclaims:
Bury me, brothers, between three roads,
The Kief, and the Moscow, and the Murom famed in story.
At my feet fasten my horse,
At my head set a life-bestowing cross,
In my right hand place my keen sabre.
Whoever passes by will stop;
Before my life-bestowing cross will he utter a prayer,
At the sight of my black steed will he be startled,
At the sight of my keen sword will he be terrified.
‘Surely this is a brigand who is buried here,
A son of the brigand, the bold Stenka Razín.’
Sakharof, Skazaniya Russkago Naroda, I, iii, 226.[96]
Dimos, twenty years a Klepht, tells his comrades to
make his tomb wide and high enough for him to fight

in it, standing up, and to leave a window, so that the
swallows may tell him that spring has come and the
nightingales that it is May: Fauriel, I, 56; Zambelios,
p. 607, 13; Passow, p. 85. This is a song of the
beginning of the present century.
B is translated in Le Magasin Pittoresque, 1838, p.
126 f; by Loève-Veimars, p. 223; by Cantù,
Documenti alla Storia Universale, V, III, p. 801;
Anastasius Grün, p. 200; Knortz, L. u. R. Alt-
Englands, No 20.

A
Percy MS., p. 21; Hales and Furnivall, I, 53.

1
‘I will neuer eate nor drinke,’ Robin Hood said,
‘Nor meate will doo me noe good,
Till I haue beene att merry Churchlees,
My vaines for to let blood.’
2
‘That I reade not,’ said Will Scarllett,
‘Master, by the assente of me,
Without halfe a hundred of your best bowmen
You take to goe with yee.
3
‘For there a good yeoman doth abide
Will be sure to quarrell with thee,
And if thou haue need of vs, master,
In faith we will not flee.’
4
‘And thou be feard, thou William Scarlett,
Att home I read thee bee:’
‘And you be wrothe, my deare master,
You shall neuer heare more of mee.’
* * * * *
5
‘For there shall noe man with me goe,
Nor man with mee ryde,
And Litle Iohn shall be my man,
And beare my benbow by my side.’
6
‘You’st beare your bowe, master, your selfe,
And shoote for a peny with mee:’
‘To that I doe assent,’ Robin Hood sayd,
‘And soe, Iohn, lett it bee.’

7
They two bolde children shotten together,
All day theire selfe in ranke,
Vntill they came to blacke water,
And over it laid a planke.
8
Vpon it there kneeled an old woman,
Was banning Robin Hoode;
‘Why dost thou bann Robin Hoode?’ said Robin,
. . . . . . .
* * * * *

9
. . . . . . .
‘To giue to Robin Hoode;
Wee weepen for his deare body,
That this day must be lett bloode.’
10
‘The dame prior is my aunts daughter,
And nie vnto my kinne;
I know shee wold me noe harme this day,
For all the world to winne.’
11
Forth then shotten these children two,
And they did neuer lin,
Vntill they came to merry Churchlees,
To merry Churchlee[s] with-in.
12
And when they came to merry Churchlees,
They knoced vpon a pin;
Vpp then rose dame prioresse,
And lett good Robin in.
13
Then Robin gaue to dame prioresse
Twenty pound in gold,
And bad her spend while that wold last,
And shee shold haue more when shee wold.
14
And downe then came dame prioresse,
Downe she came in that ilke,
With a pair off blood-irons in her hands,
Were wrapped all in silke.
15

‘Sett a chaffing-dish to the fyer,’ said dame prioresse,
‘And stripp thou vp thy sleeue:’
I hold him but an vnwise man
That will noe warning leeve.
16
Shee laid the blood-irons to Robin Hoods vaine,
Alacke, the more pitye!
And pearct the vaine, and let out the bloode,
That full red was to see.
17
And first it bled, the thicke, thicke bloode,
And afterwards the thinne,
And well then wist good Robin Hoode
Treason there was within.
18
‘What cheere my master?’ said Litle Iohn;
‘In faith, Iohn, litle goode;’
. . . . . . . .
. . . . . . .
* * * * *
19
‘I haue upon a gowne of greene,
Is cut short by my knee,
And in my hand a bright browne brand
That will well bite of thee.’
20
But forth then of a shot-windowe
Good Robin Hood he could glide;
Red Roger, with a grounden glaue,
Thrust him through the milke-white side.

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