Text and data mining in UK and France (ADBU - 13 Dec 16)
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The document discusses the significance of text and data mining (TDM) in public research and analyzes its economic impact, particularly in France. It highlights the challenges faced in accessing data for TDM, including legal uncertainties due to copyright restrictions and the need for improved infrastructure and researcher support. Recommendations are provided for enhancing TDM adoption, including clearer legal frameworks, better access, and advocacy for TDM practices within research institutions.
Text and data mining in UK and France (ADBU - 13 Dec 16)
- 1. TEXT AND DATA MINING IN PUBLIC RESEARCH Rob Johnson – 13/12/2016 1
- 2. 2 1.Why doesTDM matter? 2.Why isn’t it used more widely in public research? 3. How do we change this?
- 3. Study aims Assess economic impact of TDM on public research in France via: • Case studies (France, UK, Europe) • Analysis of the relevance of a copyright exception for TDM 3 http://adbu.fr/etude-tdm/
- 4. 6-fold return €6 contribution to EU economy for each €1 directly generated by research universities (source: Biggar Economics) 20% per annum Estimated rate of return to public investment in science and innovation (source: Frontier Economics) €16 billion Value of R&D performed within French universities and public research bodies (source: Eurostat) 4
- 5. 2.4 million Scientific articles per annum Zero Number of researchers who can keep up 2.5 quintillion bytes Data produced each day 5
- 6. Any automated analytical technique aiming to analyse text and data in digital form in order to generate information such as patterns, trends and correlations. European Commission. Proposal for a Directive of the European Parliament and of the Council on copyright in the Digital Single Market 6 What is TDM?
- 7. BASE CAMP Where are we now, and how did we get here? 7
- 8. …countries, in which academic researchers must acquire the express consent of rights holders to conduct lawful datamining, exhibit a significantly lower share of data mining research output relative to total research output Handke, Guilbault and Vallbe IS EUROPE FALLING BEHIND IN DATA MINING? (2015) 8 What is the problem?
- 9. The European ecosystem for engaging in text and data mining remains highly problematic… The end result: Europe is being leapfrogged by rising interest in other regions, notably Asia. Filippov, S. & Hofheinz, P. Text and Data Mining for Research and Innovation (2016) 9 What is the result?
- 10. Legislative options 10 2014 2017? Industry self- regulation Mandatory exceptions to copyright Non-commercial research only Commercial research, beneficiaries restricted 1 2 3 4 Commercial research purpose, beneficiaries unrestricted Loi pour une République Numérique (Loi LEMAIRE) 28 September 2016 1.5?
- 11. Restriction France No lawful access Not scientific literature - Not public research Commercial purpose Conservation not by designated body Using a TDM exception 11
- 13. Copyright exception (Base Camp) Camp 1: Legal clarity EC Directive Camp 2: Access to content Camp 3: Technical infrastructure Camp 4: Skills and support Summit: Researchers embrace TDM
- 14. The exception has made a massive difference... Petr Knoth, Open University, UK 14
- 15. …the definition of commercial and non-commercial research is creating uncertainty Petr Knoth, Open University, UK 15
- 16. EC Proposed Directive • Consistent with the existing EU copyright legal framework • Could help resolve uncertainty over commercial partnerships • Currently out for consultation Source: http://www.comodinicachia.com/timeline.html
- 17. What needs to happen? • Communicate legal provisions for TDM with certainty and clarity • Clarify the exception’s scope where public researchers collaborate with commercial partners • Monitor the interaction of the copyright exception with digital rights management (DRM), licensing and other relevant legal regimes 17
- 20. I scaled down my TDM research, and had to exclude two publishers… I couldn’t do what I set out to do Chris Hartgerink, Tilburg University, Netherlands 20
- 21. I had to ask too many publishers for the right to download … it takes a lot of time and … the publishers’ servers frequently block us. Mathieu Andro, INRA, France 21
- 22. What is the problem with access? • Technical protection measures (TPMs) • Crawler traps • Restricted access to application programming interfaces (APIs) 22
- 23. • Incorporate TDM clauses into model licence agreements • Educate researchers on their rights • Maintain dialogue with publishers • Improve access through better infrastructure… 23 What needs to happen?
- 24. 3. INFRASTRUCTURE & TOOLS 24 Image: National Geographic
- 25. …Every time you have a new project or data source… you hit issues about how the documents are structured, oddities of formatting, and so on. Mark Greenwood, GATE, UK 25
- 26. The TDM Landscape 26 Source: OpenMinTED
- 27. • Invest in TDM infrastructure • Make TDM accessible to non-specialists • Streamline access • Open standards and harmonised data formats 27 What needs to happen?
- 29. …We have algorithms to answer questions, but we do not have algorithms to ask questions François Rioult, GREYC Laboratory, Université de Caen, France • François Rioult 29
- 30. 30 What is the role of the librarian? Photo: REUTERS
- 31. The library needs to be able to say: ‘If you’ve got a question about TDM, come to us’ Danny Kingsley, Head of Scholarly Communications, University of Cambridge, UK 31
- 32. Library support for TDM • Advocacy • Copyright advice • Access to legal expertise • Skills development and training • Advice on data sources and tools 32
- 34. 34
- 36. There are so many obstructions in the way of doing this research, and doing it well. It is just too hard and so people do other things Ross Mounce, University of Cambridge, UK 36
- 37. • Endorsement by senior research leaders • Funding and incentives linked to TDM • Alignment with moves to open science 37 What needs to happen?
- 38. 38 1.Why doesTDM matter? 2.Why isn’t it used more widely in public research? 3. How do we change this?
- 39. Why does TDM matter? Public research is valuable 39 TDM makes research more efficient TDM is worth investing in
- 40. 40 1.Why doesTDM matter? 2.Why isn’t it used more widely in public research? 3. How do we change this?
- 41. Copyright exception (Base Camp) Camp 1: Legal clarity EC Directive Camp 2: Access to content Camp 3: Technical infrastructure Camp 4: Skills and support Summit: Researchers embrace TDM
- 42. 42 1.Why doesTDM matter? 2.Why isn’t it used more widely in public research? 3. How do we change this?
- 43. 43 Libraries •Monitor researchers’ experience •Develop case studies and guidance •Involve the national library •Invest in TDM support •Incorporate TDM clauses into licence agreements researchers’ experiences Making TDM a reality
- 44. 44 Legislators • Provide certainty • Enable public/private partnerships • Monitor interaction with other legislation (e.g. DRM) Institutions/research leaders • Endorse TDM • Invest in library services • Explore knowledge exchange opportunities Research funders • Invest in infrastructure • Forum to improve access • Link TDM to Open Science Publishers & providers • Cloud services for TDM • Steamline access • Open, harmonised standards Making TDM a reality
- 45. Rob Johnson Template inspired by SlidesCarnival Thank you rob.johnson@research-consulting.com www.research-consulting.com 45 http://adbu.fr/etude-tdm/ Full report available at::
Editor's Notes
- #5: France - €6.4billion R&D in government sector, €10 billion in HE UK - €3billion in government, €9 billion
- #7: A number of studies indicate that TDM can increase the efficiency of research Increase coverage of literature reviews Cut down manual work Automate information retrieval Accelerate drug discovery
- #12: Note - Conservation requirements could be a positive in terms of reproducibility
- #23: A many-to-many problem
- #31: Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay
- #33: Advocacy for the benefits of TDM at all levels of the organisation Copyright advice on using the TDM exception Access to legal expertise Skills development (indexing and metadata curation) and access to technical training (coding and high performance computing) Advice on data sources and tools