![Analysis of the passive microwave high-frequency signal in the shallow snow retrieval 2011 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing symposium Jul. 24-29, Vancouver, Canada [email_address] 28 th Jul. 2011 AMSR-E Y.B. Qiu 1*, H.D. Guo 1 , J.C. Shi 2 , S.C. Kang 3 J. Lemmetyinen 4 , J.R. Wang 5 1 Center of Earth Observation and Digital Earth, CAS, China 2 University of California, Santa Barbara, USA 3 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, China 4 FMI, Arctic Research Centre, Finland 5 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/th4-110728164538-phpapp02/85/TH4-TO4-5-ppt-1-320.jpg)
TH4.TO4.5.ppt
- 1. Analysis of the passive microwave high-frequency signal in the shallow snow retrieval 2011 IEEE Geoscience and Remote Sensing symposium Jul. 24-29, Vancouver, Canada [email_address] 28 th Jul. 2011 AMSR-E Y.B. Qiu 1*, H.D. Guo 1 , J.C. Shi 2 , S.C. Kang 3 J. Lemmetyinen 4 , J.R. Wang 5 1 Center of Earth Observation and Digital Earth, CAS, China 2 University of California, Santa Barbara, USA 3 Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, CAS, China 4 FMI, Arctic Research Centre, Finland 5 NASA Goddard Space Flight Center, Greenbelt, USA
- 2. Outline Snow Products Analysis in China Why Snow - a potentially sensitive factor of climate change – debate ? Need more accuracy snow products over China area Passive Microwave remote sensing of snow Nowadays, the operational algorithm regime– Gradient (36/18GHz) Shallow snow situation in China Possibility analysis of the high frequencies in the shallow snow retrieval Comparison: In-situ snow depth and SMM/I, and AMSR-E emission signal Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis Conclusion
- 3. Snow - a potentially sensitive factor of climate change Snow – very important IPCC AR4(2007): Continental-scale snow cover extent (SCE) is a potentially sensitive indicator of climate change . (Foster et al. 1982; Namias 1985; Gleick, 1987) said: Snow is not only a sensitive indicator of climate change, but makes feedbacks to it. Snow has been proposed as a useful indicator in testing and monitoring global climate change (Robinson et al. 1990). … Works support IPCC-AR4 ？ Nine GCM model: shrinking snow cover over Northern American （ Frei, A. and G. Gong, 2005. ） Why Snow?
- 4. Will Climate Change Affect Snow Cover Over North America? North American snow models miss the mark – observed trend opposite of the predictions Goddard uses data from Rutger’s Global Snow Lab to claim that the latest 22-year trend for Winter (Dec, Jan, Feb) in the Northern Hemisphere invalidates the CMIP3 modeling of snow extent as presented by Frei and Gong in 2005 . Why Snow? debate New debate ？
- 5. Snow Cover Distribution, Variability, and Response to Climate Change in Western China Data : SMMR-SD, NOAA-SCA Results show that western China did not experience a continual decrease in snow cover during the great warming period of the 1980s and 1990s. The positive trend of the western China snow cover is consistent with increasing snowfall , but is in contradiction to regional warming . Potential impact of climate change on snow cover area in the Tarim River basin QIN DAHE, 2006 Xu Changchun, 2007 Data: 1982–2001, station data The SCA of the entire basin showed a slowly increasing trend . Correlation analysis implied that the SCA change in the cold season was positively correlated with the contemporary precipitation change, but had no strong correlation with the contemporary temperature change . China – Publication’s View
- 6. Western China Tibet Plateau Northern China Xinjiang Mongolia Northeast The select test areas in China Data: Rutger snow product SSM/I SWE product NOAA IMS 4Km/24Km Part I: Analysis in China from the nowadays products: Qinghai Xinjiang Tibet Qinghai Tibet
- 7. Western China Area Tibet Plateau Northern China Agree well with the previous publication , but the snow cover area over Tibet is not quite right . Rutger snow product 1966.11~2010.5
- 8. China – decreasing SCA/SWE over Tibet Plateau SMM/I SWE product Tibet Plateau Tibet Plateau 1978-2007
- 9. NOAA IMS 1997-2010 SCA Tibet Plateau Western China decreasing decreasing
- 10. NOAA IMS 1997-2010 SCA Northern China The NOAA IMS show different Trend with above two publications and the Rutger’s result. Increasing We get: Different products provide different time-series appearance on the snow factor The SCA from Rugter is not quite right over Tibet China. SWE is a quite valuable parameter for its long times series records (SMMR, SMM/I) Need inter-comparison and validation of certain snow cover products.
- 11. We get: In all, According to the analysis, snow cover over Tibetan Plateau is quite different with other places over Northern hemisphere, We need accuracy estimation of the snow cover parameters for a long time to convince the climatology analysis to corresponding the global environment change research. Need More accurate snow data
- 12. Part II: Passive Microwave remote sensing of snow Snow emission model – understanding the snow microwave emission DMRT – theoretical… MELMES – multi-layer model HUT Snow Emission Model – 2010 now extent to multilayer modal … Snow Temperature Profile Snow grain size profile Snow density profile Snow depth (SD) Interface roughness For dry snow
- 13. Passive Microwave remote sensing of snow Algorithms Basically, base on the satellite brightness temperature (TB) difference between 36GHz and 18GHz Goodison & Walker,1995:SMMR & SSM/I, TB(19V-37V) Goita et al.,1997: forest area TB(19V-37V) Kelly,Chang,Foster,& Hall,2001: second order of TB(19V-37V) Pulliainen ， & Hallikainen,2001, iteration algorithm (match) … TB(37-19V) (K) Station Snow Depth (cm)
- 14. Shallow snow situation in China – western China, especially the Tibet area Menyuan station Maduo station shallow snow over Tibet area <15cm or 20cm Sparse Station
- 15. Shallow snow situation in China – western China 52985 Hezheng, Gansu (35.42N, 103.33E) Snow depth < 10cm 56093 Minxian, Gansu (34.43N, 104.02E)
- 16. Part III: Possibility analysis of the high frequencies in the shallow snow retrieval HUT snow model simulation 36GHZ/18.7GHz gradient Shallow snow sensitive 89GHZ-18.7GHz gradient Shallow snow sensitive
- 17. Comparison: In-situ snow depth and SMMR, SMM/I, and AMSR-E emission signal Snow depth (cm) the Former Soviet 284 station records V2.0 (1966~1996) The snow depth (cm) over China (2009.9~2010.5) NamCo station snow measurement for one whole winter (2007~2008) Comparison of the traditional algorithm records and Snow depth Satellite dataset SMMR(1978~1987), SSM/I (1987~1996), AMSR-E swath data
- 18. Tree-free, sparse vegetation area, taken at the winter of 2010 Less than 20cm NamCo station
- 19. Snow depth (cm) from NamCo station and AMSR-E TBs Compare with the NASA algorithm SWE result TB(35GHz-18.7GHz) TB(89GHz-18.7GHz) Snow depth (cm) SWE (mm)/NASA ITPR,CAS
- 20. Snow depth (cm) and AMSR-E TBs (2009~2010) 50727 (47.17N 119.93E) Heilongjiang 50434 50.48N 121.68 E Neimenggu
- 21. Snow depth (cm) and AMSR-E TBs (2009~2010) 54049 44.25N 123.97E Jilin 52681 38.63N 103.08E Gansu
- 22. Snow depth (cm) and AMSR-E TBs (2009~2010) 53231 41.40N 106.40E Neimenggu 53519 39.22N 106.77E Ningxia 89GHz is sensitive to the snow occurrence (fresh snow flake)
- 23. Snow depth (cm) and SSM/I TB Gradient The select station, the altitude > 1500m Near Tibet, China Almost the shallow snow cover area Sparse forest
- 24. Snow depth and SSM/I TB Gradient 36665 ZAJSAN 36870 ALMA-ATA TB(37-19GHz) and TB(85-19GHz) ‘s response to the snow evolution
- 25. 38618 FERGANA 38599 LENINABAD High frequency shows a sensitive response to the shallow snow Snow depth and SSM/I TB Gradient
- 26. Snow depth and SSM/I TB SAMARKAND 38696 KURGAN-TJUBE 38933 High frequency shows a sensitive response to the shallow snow
- 27. Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis We apply the ATC Chang(1987) gradient algorithm SD = a* (Tb18H - Tb37H) + b Firstly, we exam the relatively deep snow over rich forest area.
- 28. 1987-1991 snow depth and SMM/I Tbs, 261 samples R-square: 0.71428 a=-6.98161 b= -0.35971 Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis
- 29. 1987-1991 snow depth and SMM/I Tbs, 261 samples R-square: 0.05764 a=-18.95129 b= -0.12906 R-square: 0.2509 a= -11.96944 b= 0.23074 Grain Size =1.3~1.7mm Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis
- 30. 1992-1995 snow depth and SMM/I Tbs, 640 samples R-square: 0.48892 a= -6.24384 b= -0.26904 Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis
- 31. 1992-1995 snow depth and SMM/I Tbs, 640 samples R-square: 0.00456 a= -17.45683 b= -0.03825 R-square: 0.33649 a= -11.21299 b= 0.23079 Thick snow Thick snow Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis
- 32. 1988-1995 snow depth and SMM/I Tbs, 420 samples R-square:0.31795 a= -6.66873 b=-1.07606 Shallow snow Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis R-square:0.36473 a=-19.22 b=-1.5358
- 33. Select area –Tibet Plateau Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis
- 34. 1987-1995 snow depth and SMM/I Tbs, 469 samples Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis
- 35. 1987-1995 snow depth and SMM/I Tbs, 1353 samples The pair 85.0/19 shows its shallow snow retrieval ability and when the snow depth over 20cm, the signal is more variable and suspect. Possible algorithm development with high frequencies and analysis
- 36. Atmosphere influence issue HUT snow emission model (Satellite and Ground) Ground Satellite Tb(36.5GHz-18.7GHz)
- 37. Atmosphere influence analysis HUT snow emission model (Satellite and Ground) 89.0GHz-18.7GHz Satellite Ground Atmosphere influence
- 38. Conclusion Snow parameter is a critical climate indicator. Over western China, the nowdays snow products provide different trend regionally. The high frequencies is sensitive to the snow appearance and could be good at the beginning of the snow accumulation. Over relative deep snow (> 20cm) the Tbs at 36-18GHz are more reliable than that of high frequency, while over the shallow snow especially <15cm), the pair 36-18 is insensitive, but the high frequency pair (89/85-18) shows its distinct response, although the atmosphere influence is not be in consideration. Over Westrern (shallow snow situation), encourage using the emission information at high frequency when snow depth (< 20cm) , and the atmosphere influence is necessary counted in the later quantitative calculation.
- 39. Thank you very much!