The Basic concepts of probability Grade 8 topic

PREPARED BY: MARY SHEIN GIANGAN
GRADE 8
Illustrating Basic
Concepts of
Probability
(Experiment,
Outcome, Sample
Space Sample Point

LEARNING OBJECTIVES:
At the end of the lesson, students should be able to:
• Define experiment, outcome, sample space, sample point and
event in probability.
• Classify various probability situations based on the experiment,
possible outcomes, sample space, sample point and events.
• Develop an appreciation for the role of probability in real-life
situations.
• Demonstrate critical thinking in understanding probability
experiments and outcomes.

ACTIVITY:
Instruction
• ·Divide the class into 5 groups. Each group must have manila
paper and marker.
• ·Write (Experiment, Outcome, Sample Space, Sample Point and
Event) if each of the following is an example of the different
basic concepts of probability.
• ·Let the students discuss among their group to where they can
post each word on the manila paper with examples already in
it.
• ·Let one representative from each group explain their output.

ANALYSIS:
1. What do you notice about the
examples given for each term? How are
they different from each other?
2. Why do you think we separate these
terms into different categories? How do
they relate to one another?

KEY TERMS IN PROBABILITY
• Probability
• Experiment
• Outcome
• Event
• Sample Space
• Sample point

WHAT IS PROBABILITY?
is the branch of
Mathematics that deals with
certainty and uncertainty. It
is a measure of estimation of
how likely it is that an event
will occur.

EXPERIMENT
An experiment in probability is
any process that leads to
measurable results.

1.EXPERIMENT
tossing or flipping a coin or picking a
card from a standard deck of cards
without looking which could be
repeated over and over again and
which have well-defined results.

EXAMPLE
Imagine you toss a coin.
This is an experiment
because you are
performing an action
that produces a result.

QUESTION:
WHAT ARE OTHER SIMPLE
EXPERIMENTS YOU CAN
THINK OF THAT INVOLVE
CHANCE?

2. OUTCOME
An outcome is a single
result from an experiment.

EXAMPLE
When rolling two dice, an
outcome could be getting a 3
on one die and a 5 on the other.
Each time an experiment is
performed, it produces a
specific outcome.

3. SAMPLE SPACE
The sample space is the set of all
possible outcomes in an
experiment.

EXAMPLE
Suppose you roll a die. The
sample space is all possible
outcomes, which are {1, 2, 3,
4, 5, 6}.

4. SAMPLE POINT
Suppose you roll a die.
The sample space is all
possible outcomes,
which are have a
sample point of 1.

EVENT
An event is any subset of the
sample space. It can be just one
outcome or a group of
outcomes.

EXAMPLE
In rolling two dice, an event could
be "getting a sum of 7" (which
includes multiple outcomes like
rolling a {(3,4), (5,2), or (6,1)}

EXAMPLE 1: TOSSING A COIN
Experiment: Tossing a fair coin once.
·Outcome: The possible outcomes are
either Heads (H) or Tails (T).
·Sample Space (S): S= {H, T} (all possible
outcomes)
·Sample Point: H
·Event: Getting a Head ({H}) or getting a
Tail ({T}).

EXAMPLE 2: ROLLING A SIX-SIDED
DIE
Experiment: Rolling a fair six-sided die.
·Outcome: The result can be any number
from 1 to 6.
·Sample Space (S): S= {1,2,3,4,5,6} (all
possible outcomes)
·Sample Point: 1
·Event: Getting an even number {2, 4, 6} or
getting a number greater than 4 {5, 6}

PRACTICE
Instructions:
1. Think of a simple real-life situation that involves chance, like flipping a
coin, rolling a die, or picking a random number.
2. Write down the following:
Experiment: Describe the chance activity (e.g., rolling a die).
One Possible Outcome: A single result that could happen (e.g., rolling a
die)
Sample Space: List all possible outcomes {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}.
Sample Point: One specific outcome from the sample space.
One Event: A set of outcomes that share a common feature (e.g., rolling
an odd number {1, 3, 5}

LET’S TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Identify whether the following is an experiment, outcome,
sample space, sample point or event. Write your answer on the
space provided.
1. Rolling a die and getting a number between 1 and 6.
2. The set of all possible outcomes when flipping a coin.
3. Rolling a die and getting an odd number (1, 3, 5).
4. The outcome of tossing a coin and it is landing on
heads.
5. Observing the number of cars passing by a street in 10
minutes.

LET’S TEST YOUR UNDERSTANDING
Identify whether the following is an experiment, outcome, sample
space, sample point or event. Write your answer on the space provided.
6. Predicting the outcome of a basketball game.
7. Choosing a specific book from a shelf of 20 books.
8. Selecting a specific type of fruit from a basket containing
apples, bananas, and oranges.
9. The process of randomly selecting a person from a group of
50 to ask a question.
10. The set of all possible outcomes when choosing a number
from 1 to 10.

ASSIGNMENT
Instructions: Do it at Home
1.Toss two coins at the same time.
2.Record the result (Heads or Tails for each coin).
3.Repeat the process for a second toss.
4.List all possible outcomes.
5.Write your findings on a ¼-sized sheet of paper.
Answer this question.
How many possible outcomes are there in total?

LET‘S REVIEW
• Outcome: Possible result of an
experiment.
• Event: Collection of outcomes.
• Probability: Likelihood of an event
occurring.
• Sample Space: Set of all possible
outcomes.

LET‘S PRACTICE
Calculate the probability of the spinner
landing on the color black. Define the
event and sample spaces.

LET‘S PRACTICE - ANSWER KEY
Total possible outcomes = 16
Favored outcomes = 8
Probability = favored outcomes / total
outcomes.
P = 8/16 or 1/2.
The favored event is “landing on the
color black”.
The sample space is {white, black}

The Basic concepts of probability Grade 8 topic

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