The Big Bang theory proposes that the universe began from an initial expansion approximately 13.8 billion years ago from a hot dense state. Albert Einstein's theory of relativity and Edwin Hubble's discovery that galaxies are moving away from each other provided evidence for this theory. According to the Big Bang, the early universe underwent rapid inflation and cooling, allowing the formation of protons, neutrons, and eventually atoms of hydrogen and helium as it expanded and evolved into the present cosmos.