The blockchain game
Download as PPTX, PDF1 like805 views
The document describes a blockchain game designed to illustrate the principles of blockchain technology, particularly in the context of storing student grades. It outlines the game's structure, including nodes, miners, and the process of validating transactions through hashing. Ultimately, while useful for educational purposes, the document concludes that using blockchain for grade storage may not be the most effective application.
The blockchain game
- 1. The Blockchain Game J Scott Christianson This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution- NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
- 2. Blockchain Basics • A Distributed Ledger • No central server or authority. • Everyone (aka node) on the network has a copy of the ledger. • A huge variety of information can be stored on a blockchain ledger. The Blockchain Game
- 3. Blockchain Basics • A Distributed Ledger Can Store: • Financial Transactions • Property Records • Shipments and Inventory • Grades???? The Blockchain Game
- 4. Blockchain Basics • A Distributed Ledger For Grades • All teachers calculate student grades and then enter the grades into a central repository (the registrar or central office ). • Why not eliminate the registrar (save some $$) and just have the teachers maintain the ledger of grades? The Blockchain Game
- 5. The Grade Blockchain • Let’s try it! • I need six “faculty” volunteers. • Three will act as nodes • Three will act as “special” nodes called “Miners” • I need seven “student” volunteers The Blockchain Game
- 6. The Grade Blockchain • Student identities are concealed. • Each student has a public ID that matches with a private ID that only the student knows. The Blockchain Game
- 7. Below is your key pair for the grade blockchain. Your teacher will assign a grade to your public key. You can then use any of the grade scanning tools to review the blockchain and retrieve your grades. 1Student Public Key Private Key ad59da c8fc47b6fe
- 8. Block 1 Course: Student: Grade: The Blockchain Game Parks 320 ad59da F
- 9. Our First Block The Blockchain Game Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-3) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 12
- 10. Finishing the block: Hashing The Blockchain Game • Miners will solve a puzzle to create a unique number for the block (aka a hash) using the information contained in our block and use that to make our ledger secure! • First to generate a correct hash wins • Other miners and nodes will verify if that hash is correct
- 11. Miners Mine!! N 78 O 79 P 80 Q 81 R 82 S 83 T 84 U 85 V 86 W 87 X 88 Y 89 Z 90 A 65 B 66 C 67 D 68 E 69 F 70 G 71 H 72 I 73 J 74 K 75 L 76 M 77 Table a = Value of the first letter of the course b = Value of the first letter of the student Public Key c = Value of the Grade value between 1 and 3 that you will adjust to calculate a hash that can be equally divisible by 3 Nonce = Hash = Nonce + a + b + c - Value of Last 2 digits of prev Hash
- 12. Our First Block The Blockchain Game Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-3) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 12 80 65 70
- 13. Miner Worksheet Nouse + a + b + c - Value of Last 2 digits of prev Hash = Hash Divide by 3 Remainder 1 + + + - = 2 + + + - = 3 + + + - =
- 14. All Miners and Nodes Verify and Vote Hash = Nonce + a + b + c - Value of Last 2 digits of prev Hash
- 15. Finishing the block: Hashing The Blockchain Game 1 Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-3) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 1 12 80 65 70 204
- 16. Block 2 Course: Student: Grade: The Blockchain Game Engineering 300 bd9ebc B Miners Mine —> Verify and Vote —>
- 17. Finishing the block: Hashing The Blockchain Game 1 2 Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-3) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 1 12 80 65 70 204 2 Engineering 300 bd9ebc B 1 4 69 66 66 198 3 4 5 6
- 18. Block 3 Course: Student: Grade: The Blockchain Game Business 200 c67445 C Miners Mine —> Verify and Vote —>
- 19. Finishing the block: Hashing The Blockchain Game 1 2 3 Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-3) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 1 12 80 65 70 204 2 Engineering 300 bd9ebc B 1 4 69 66 66 198 3 Business 200 c67445 C 3 98 66 67 67 105 4 5 6
- 20. Block 4 Course: Student: Grade: The Blockchain Game Parks 320 e2dd8a B Miners Mine —> Verify and Vote —>
- 21. Finishing the block: Hashing The Blockchain Game 1 2 3 4 Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-3) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 1 12 80 65 70 204 2 Engineering 300 bd9ebc B 1 4 69 66 66 198 3 Business 200 c67445 C 3 98 66 67 67 105 4 Parks 320 e2dd8a B 3 5 80 69 66 213 5 6
- 22. Block 5 Course: Student: Grade: The Blockchain Game Engineering 300 e2dd8a D Miners Mine —> Verify and Vote —>
- 23. Finishing the block: Hashing The Blockchain Game 1 2 3 4 5 Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-3) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 1 12 80 65 70 204 2 Engineering 300 bd9ebc B 1 4 69 66 66 198 3 Business 200 c67445 C 3 98 66 67 67 105 4 Parks 320 e2dd8a B 3 5 80 69 66 213 5 Engineering 300 e2dd8a D 2 13 69 69 68 195 6
- 24. Block 6 Course: Student: Grade: The Blockchain Game Engineering 300 bde7af B Miners Mine —> Verify and Vote —>
- 25. Finishing the block: Hashing The Blockchain Game 1 2 3 4 5 6 Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-3) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 1 12 80 65 70 204 2 Engineering 300 bd9ebc B 1 4 69 66 66 198 3 Business 200 c67445 C 3 98 66 67 67 105 4 Parks 320 e2dd8a B 3 5 80 69 66 213 5 Engineering 300 e2dd8a D 2 13 69 69 68 195 6 Engineering 300 bde7af B 2 95 69 66 66 108
- 26. Questions? The Blockchain Game • Anyone, what courses did c67445 take and what grade did they earn? • Student 7 what grades have you received?
- 27. What if…. The Blockchain Game • We change block 1
- 28. Block 1 Course: Student: Grade: The Blockchain Game Parks 320 ad59da F -> A
- 29. What if…. The Blockchain Game • A grade is announced by someone other than a faculty member? • Student pays off a node (any node) to record an A in for their grade? • Student 5’s Private Key is lost.
- 30. Finishing the block: Hashing The Blockchain Game 1 2 3 4 5 6 Grade BlockChain Block Course Student Grade Nonce (1-6) Prev Hash a b c Hash 212 1 Parks 320 ad59da F 1 12 80 65 70 204 2 Engineering 300 bd9ebc F 1 4 83 66 70 216 3 Business 200 c67445 C 2 16 66 67 67 186 4 Parks 320 e2dd8a B 3 86 80 69 66 132 5 Engineering 300 e2dd8a D 3 32 69 69 68 177 6 Engineering 300 bde7af B 2 77 69 66 66 126
- 31. What if…. The Blockchain Game • A miner changes a transaction and announces the hash to the network before anyone else calculates it? • The difficulty of calculating a hash increases as the blockchain grows?
- 32. What did we observe in this “Game” • Distributed Ledger • No central authority to hold ledger or be attacked. • All people (aka nodes) have complete ledger. • Transparent but anonymous Ledger • Ledger can be public while concealing identity. • Append only Ledger • Each entry (aka block) is linked to the previous entry via some math (aka hash). • Some nodes (aka miners) are paid for performing calculations (aka proof of work). • Immutable Ledger • Attacks to ledger are impractical due to need for majority of nodes (aka 51% attack) to agree to a change and the computational power required.
- 33. Grade Blockchain • While a grade blockchain provides a good exercise to explain blockchain in a class, storing grades is probably not a great application for blockchain. • What are good applications for blockchain? I recommend the DHS flowchart to get you started. The Blockchain Game
- 35. Review • Distributed Ledger • No central authority to hold ledger or be attacked. • All people (aka nodes) have complete ledger. • Transparent but anonymous Ledger • Ledger can be public while concealing identity. • Append only Ledger • Each entry (aka block) is linked to the previous entry via some math (aka hash) • Some node (aka miners) are paid for performing calculations (aka proof of work) • Immutable Ledger • Attacks to ledger are impractical due to need for majority of nodes to agree to a change and the computational power required.
- 36. Photo and Graphics Credits • All Graphics and photos are either self created or creative commons 0 (public domain). Most are from pixabay.com
Editor's Notes
- #3: Today we are going to b e
- #4: Anonymous (for Grades)
- #6: -Distribute Ledger Hand out all the stuff to the miners and the nodes
- #7: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs
- #9: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #10: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #11: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #13: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #15: From CIO Magazine: “the "proof of work" is a piece of data that is difficult (costly, time-consuming) to produce but easy for others to verify and which satisfies certain requirements. In short, it's difficult to solve the puzzle but easy to verify it's solved correctly.” We have consensus ! We have proof of work?
- #16: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #17: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #18: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #19: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #20: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #21: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #22: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #23: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #24: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #25: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #26: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #27: delete a student key
- #28: delete a student key
- #29: Demonstrate with the spreadsheet Changing one block will make all following blocks invalid
- #30: 51% Attack
- #31: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute Student Key Pairs —-then hash —-then voting
- #34: explain why
- #35: -Distribute Ledger -Distribute —-then hash —-then voting