The Boot Process
Download as PPTX, PDF4 likes3,923 views
The document discusses the boot process for various versions of Windows and DOS, including key boot files, boot sequences, alternative boot modes, and troubleshooting startup and shutdown issues. It provides details on CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXEC.BAT files for DOS, SYSTEM.INI and WIN.INI files for Windows 3.x, and the role of the registry in later Windows versions. Methods for controlling startup programs, creating boot disks and emergency repair disks, and using the recovery console are also outlined.
The Boot Process
- 1. PC Hardware Servicing Chapter 27: The Boot Process
- 2. Chapter 27 Objectives • Understand bootable disks • Identify key boot files in each OS version • List the boot sequence for each OS • Use alternative boot modes • Create and use a boot floppy • Use the Recovery Console • Create and use an ERD • Troubleshoot startup and shutdown problems
- 3. What Constitutes a Bootable Disk? • A disk that can bring the PC to a functional level, with the OS ready to accept user commands
- 4. Startup Configuration Files for DOS • CONFIG.SYS – Used primarily under MS-DOS – Plain text file – Lists environment variables and device drivers – Runs only at startup • AUTOEXEC.BAT – Used primarily under MS-DOS – Plain text file – Lists applications to run at startup – Simple batch file, can be rerun at any time
- 7. Startup Configuration Files for Windows 3.x • SYSTEM.INI – Loads device drivers – Defines environment variables • WIN.INI – Loads applications – Sets display settings and I/O device settings – Defines application settings
- 10. The Registry • 32-bit versions of Windows system settings files • In Windows 9x: SYSTEM.DAT and USER.DAT • In Windows NT/2000/XP: SAM, SECURITY, SYSTEM, SOFTWARE, DEFAULT • Accessed through the Registry Editor as a single database
- 11. MS-DOS Boot Sequence 1. BIOS performs POST 2. BIOS searches for master boot record (MBR), which defines the active partition 3. MBR takes control and locates IO.SYS 4. IO.SYS takes control, identifies hardware 5. IO.SYS runs CONFIG.SYS 6. MSDOS.SYS takes control, loads OS kernel into RAM 7. MSDOS.SYS runs AUTOEXEC.BAT 8. Command.com displays a command prompt
- 12. Windows 9x Boot Sequence 1.BIOS performs POST 2.BIOS searches for MBR 3.MBR takes control and locates IO.SYS 4.IO.SYS takes control, runs MSDOS.SYS instructions 5.IO.SYS loads LOGO.SYS (graphic file) and displays it as Windows “splash screen” 6.IO.SYS looks for SYSTEM.DAT and USER.DAT and checks them
- 13. Windows 9x Boot Sequence 7. IO.SYS loads SYSTEM.DAT 8. IO.SYS executes CONFIG.SYS and AUTOEXECB.BAT if present 9. IO.SYS loads HIMEM.SYS 10.IO.SYS loads WIN.COM 11.Win.COM loads 386.VXD (virtual memory manager) 12.VMM386.VXD loads 32-bit device drivers
- 14. Windows 9x Boot Sequence 13.WIN.COM processes SYSTEM.INI if present 14.WIN.COM loads KRNL32.DLL, GDI.EXE, and USER.EXE 15.WIN.COM executes WIN.INI if present 16.WIN.COM runs any programs from Startup folder on Start menu
- 15. Alternative Boot Modes for Windows 9x • Press F8 as PC is starting up to see Startup Menu
- 16. Alternative Boot Modes for Windows 9x
- 17. Safe Mode • Minimal set of drivers • Standard VGA driver • No support for CD, soun d, modem s
- 18. Step by Step Confirmation • Accept or reject each line of the startup
- 19. Windows NT, 2000, and XP Boot Sequence 1. BIOS performs POST 2. BIOS searches for MBR 3. MBR takes control and locates NTLDR 4. NTLDR switches CPU into 32-bit protected mode 5. NTLDR reads BOOT.INI. If multiple OSes, it displays a menu for user choice, and passes control to the chosen OS 6. NTLDR runs NTDETECT.COM, which detects the hardware for Registry
- 20. Windows NT, 2000, and XP Boot Sequence 7. NTLDR reads NTOSKRNL (OS kernel) into memory 8. NTLDR locates drivers for Registry- reported hardware 9. NTLDR hands over control to NTOSKRNL.EXE 10.NTOSKRNL.EXE loads the device drivers and the GUI
- 21. Alternative Boot Modes for NT 4 • VGA mode
- 22. Alternative Boot Modes for Windows 2000 and XP
- 23. Troubleshooting 9x Startup • No operating system found – No bootable disk is available – PC does not see hard drive – Hard drive not formatting – No OS installed – Loose connection to hard disk – Physical malfunction – Virus infection – IO.SYS or MSDOS.SYS missing or corrupted
- 24. Troubleshooting 9x Startup • Error in CONFIG.SYS Line xx – Driver called for in CONFIG.SYS missing or corrupted • Bad or Missing COMMAND.COM • Stuck at Windows splash screen – Press Esc to see what is going on behind it – Disable virtual memory – Rebuild paging file
- 25. Troubleshooting 9x Startup • Missing, Corrupt, or Unloaded HIMEM.SYS • Windows protection error – Virtual device driver problem – Start in Safe Mode and check for a real-mode driver on CONFIG.SYS – Remove and reinstall the device • Device referenced in SYSTEM.INI or WIN.INI not found
- 26. Troubleshooting 9x Startup • General protection fault (GPF) – Two programs try to use the same memory space – Make a note of the file causing the error, and restart – If repeats, try reinstalling the associated program or using EXTRACT to re-copy file from Windows disc
- 27. Troubleshooting 2000/XP Startup • Try Safe Mode • Try restoring last known good configuration • If Windows XP, use System Restore • Repair Windows installation by booting from Setup CD and choosing Repair
- 28. Controlling What Loads at Startup • Disable items in WIN.INI, SYSTEM .INI, AUTOEXEC. BAT, and CONFIG.SYS through the System Configuration Editor (SYSEDIT)
- 29. Controlling What Loads at Startup • Delete items from Startup folder on Start menu
- 30. Controlling What Loads at Startup • Use System Configuration Utility (MSCONFIG) to disable startup items
- 31. Creating a 9x Startup Floppy 1. Open Control Panel 2. Add/Remove Programs, Startup Disk tab 3. Click Create Disk and follow the prompts
- 32. How a Boot Floppy Works 1.Booting from floppy creates RAM disk 2.Compressed files are decompressed onto RAM disk Therefore… some utilities are directly on the floppy, and others are on the RAM disk
- 33. Files on a Boot Floppy • DRVSPACE.BIN: Support for hard disks compressed with DriveSpace • EBD.CAB: The compressed file containing extra utilities to be placed on RAM disk • AUTOEXEC.BAT and CONFIG.SYS • FINDRAMD.EXE: Locates the RAM disk • EXTRACT.EXE: Extracts compressed files to RAM disk • FDISK: Partitions disks • README.TXT: Information • CD-ROM drivers
- 34. Files on the RAM Disk
- 35. What is an ERD? • Emergency Repair Disk • For Windows 2000/XP only • Not bootable • Stores settings that can help repair Windows, along with Windows Setup’s Repair mode • Specific to that PC
- 36. Creating an ERD 1. Start the Backup application 2. Click the Emergency Repair Disk button 3. Follow the prompts
- 37. What Is the Recovery Console? • Command-line interface • Limited set of commands • Accessible even when Windows will not start normally • Can repair the MBR, disable services, etc.
- 38. Booting to the Recovery Console 1.Boot from the Windows CD 2.Choose R for Repair 3.Choose C for Recovery Console 4.Type 1 to choose the Windows installation 5.Enter administrator password when prompted
- 39. Recovery Console Commands – ATTRIB – CD – MD – COPY – DEL – CHKDSK – DIR – EXIT – EXPAND – FORMAT – MD – RD – REN Some are same as with Win9x startup disk:
- 40. Recovery Console Commands • Some are different from normal command prompt commands: – BATCH – DISABLE – DISKPART – ENABLE – FIXBOOT – FIXMBR – LISTSYS
- 41. Troubleshooting Shutdown Problems • Does not shut off with Shut Down command – Is ACPI enabled in BIOS Setup? – Is it an ATX motherboard? – Is ACPI enabled in Windows? – Are case wires connected to motherboard? – Is a BIOS update available for motherboard?
- 42. Troubleshooting Shutdown Problems • Application Not Responding – Click End Task if dialog box appears – Press Ctrl+Alt+Delete and shut down application • No Shutdown with Power Button – Hold power button down for 5 seconds
- 43. Troubleshooting Shutdown Problems • Windows 98 locks up when shutting down – Download patch for Windows 98 – Disable Fast Shutdown (in MSCONFIG)