The building of an empire
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The document summarizes the rise of Rome from a small settlement along the Tiber River to a powerful republic that expanded throughout Italy and the Mediterranean region. Rome's central location in Italy and fertile land allowed it to grow in population and control trade. The republic was established in 509 BCE and had a government structure with consuls, a senate, and assemblies. Rome defeated Carthage in the Punic Wars and destroyed the city, gaining control of the Mediterranean. The republic established organized rule and spread Roman culture as it expanded its empire through military conquest aided by its professional army and infrastructure like roads.
The building of an empire
- 1. The Building of an Empire ROME Unit I: 8000 BCE – 600 CE
- 2. Did Rome’s Geography help or hinder its growth? Do Now: Analyze the physical map of Rome. Describe 3 characteristics of Rome’s geography and explain how each may have impacted Rome’s development.
- 3. Geography of Rome-Italy Peninsula in Mediterranean Sea Rome centrally located in Italy Italy centrally located in the Mediterranean Sea . Central location allows Rome to control trade in the region. Few Natural Barriers Made it easy to unite (unlike Greece)
- 6. Fertile Farmland Flat Fertile Plains Grew mostly wheat and corn Enough food helped population grow
- 7. An old map of Italy!
- 8. Origins of Rome – Fact: Latins settled along the Tiber River in small villages Villages grew into Rome, a city. Ruled by Etruscans who lived in Northern Rome . 509 B.C they drove out their hated Etruscan King , and established the Roman Republic .
- 10. A B C D E F G H Do Now: Make a story about the development of Roman Government
- 11. A B C D E F G H Life in Rome had two major social classes: The poor majority (Plebeians) And the wealthy Patricians. Plebeians had no rights and were at the mercy of the Patricians. Plebeians revolted and refused to work until they were given more rights. A new structure was developed which allowed Plebeians certain positions in government. Consuls and Senate for Patricians. Tribunes and Assembly for Plebeians. Written Law code was created to protect every citizen equally.
- 12. The Republic In 509 BCE Latins Rebel against the Etruscans, overthrow the King Established a Republic, a government in which citizens have the right to choose their leaders Roman Republic was NOT a democracy – citizens did not have equal rights Discipline, strength and loyalty – qualities called gravitas All male citizens could take part in politics Two social classes emerged: Patricians Plebeians Roman aristocrats Wealthy, landowning elite Minority Roman Commoners poor workers Majority
- 13. Structure of Government Consuls Senate Chosen by the Senate 2 chosen each year Head of State – commanded army Could become Dictator for 6 months in times of need Veto (I forbid) power over Senate Main lawmaking body 300 Patricians appointed for life Controlled foreign affairs Selected Dictator Tribunes 2 to 10 Chosen by Plebeian Council Could Veto actions of the Consuls and the Senate Assembly Elected by the Plebeians Approved Consuls Later given power to pass laws Monarchy Democracy Aristocracy
- 14. The Twelve Tables of Law Finally in 450B.C. the laws were engraved on 12 bronze tablets called the Twelve Tables . They were displayed in the Forum , so all citizens could see their rights. First written law code in Rome – written in 451 B.C.E. All Free citizens had equal protection under the law. Protected the rights of the Plebeians A person who admits to owing money or has been adjudged to owe money must be given 30 days to pay. An obviously deformed child must be put to death. If a father sells his son into slavery three times, the son shall be free of his father Marriages between plebeians and patricians are forbidden
- 15. Make a story about Roman Expansion! H I A B C D E G F
- 16. Carthage General, Hannibal, had a plan to surprise the Romans from the north Hannibal brought an army with elephants across the Med sea And over the Alps! 70,000 soldiers and 37 elephants made the journey Meanwhile, Roman General, Scipio, sailed to Carthage! After winning many battles, Hannibal returns to Carthage. Hannibal drinks poison rather than be controlled by Romans! Rome and Carthage were rivals for control over Mediterranean trade They fought a series of wars known as the Punic wars However, Scipio defeats Hannibal and burns Carthage down! H I A B C D E G F
- 17. Expansion of Power Conquered Italy: By 264 BCE – Ruled all of Italy The Punic wars (264-146 BCE) Series of Three wars Rome defeats major rival Carthage located in Northern Africa Hannibal: Carthage General who crossed alps with army and elephants After fierce battles, Rome destroyed Carthage and controlled the Mediterranean C) Roman power soon spread throughout Europe and Northern Africa
- 18. Roman Conquest Central Location Powerful Army Rome was in the middle of the Italian peninsula Italy was in the middle of the Mediterranean Sea Professional armies were well-trained Accomplished Generals were brilliant strategists Roman Legions – Armed infantry of 6,000 men Conquered land and fortified towns Attitude of Superiority Sense of duty, courage, discipline Ethnocentric belief – they should rule all! Livy’s account of Cincinnatus Ability to move Army Built roads, bridges, water routes that made travel easier
- 19. Roman Control Organized Government Treatment of Conquered People Brought law and order to many distant lands Created written laws that all citizens followed Gave citizenship to conquered people. People were allowed to keep customs and traditions People had religious freedom but had to also pay homage to Roman Gods Improved Economy Roman roads, bridges, canals helped increase trade Size of Empire allowed for the movement of a large variety of goods – led to cultural diffusion and new technology
- 20. Roman Republic