The cognitive theory ppp
- 1. Presented by: Group #5 Alejandra Garcia Alexandra Rivera Emma Aguiluz Florencia Mazzony María Lastenia Bueso Maythé Fonseca Mónica Gómez Regina Garcia Sharon Davis Saturday, September 17, 2016
- 2. ORIGINS AND HISTORY Cognitivism The cognitivist revolution replaced behaviorism in the 1960’s. It is the scientific investigation of the human cognition, that is all our mental abilities - perceiving, learning, remembering, thinking, reasoning and understanding. Human beings are: ● Rational ● Active ● Alerted ● Competent ● They do not only receive information but they process it.
- 4. BASIS OF THE THEORY ● Focus attention and stimulate curiosity and interest ● Organize the new information into logical system ● Elaborate new information by adding to it examples ● Provide real life examples ● Use devices such as imagery or acronyms ● Give time to develop metacognitive skills
- 5. Precursors Theories Jean Piaget and William Perry demanded an approach to learning theory that paid more attention to what went on “inside the learner’s head.” They developed a cognitive approach that focused on mental processes rather than observable behavior. Bruner is one of the pioneers of cognitive theory in the United States, which began through his own early reserach on sensation and perception as being active, rather than passive processes.
- 6. Bruner’s Theory Jerome Bruner was born in New York City, October 1, 1915. He received his A.B. degree from Duke University in 1937 and his Ph.D in 1947 from Harvard. He was on the faculty in the Department of Psychology at Harvard University, from 1952 - 1972. In 1960 Bruner published The Process of Education. This was a landmark book which led to much experimentation and a broad range of educational programs in the 1960's.
- 7. Bruner was influenced by Jean Piaget´s ideas about cognitive development in children. He introduced the ideas of "readiness for learning" and spiral curriculum. Bruner believed that any subject could be taught at any stage of development in a way that fit the child's cognitive abilities. Spiral curriculum refers to the idea of revisiting basic ideas over and over, building upon them and elaborating to the level of full understanding and mastery.
- 8. Bruner emphasized four characteristics of effective instruction which emerged from his theoretical constructs. 1. Personalized: instruction should relate to learners' predisposition, and facilitate interest toward learning, 2. Content Structure: content should be structured so it can be most easily grasped by the learner 3. Sequencing: sequencing is an important aspect for presentation of material 4. Reinforcement: rewards and punishment should be selected and paced appropriately.
- 10. Jean Piadget