TeamTopologies.com
@TeamTopologies
The Elephant in the
Kubernetes Room
Team Interactions at Scale
Manuel Pais, Consultant
co-author of Team Topologies - @manupaisable
Velocity Conference 2019, Berlin
#VelocityConf
2
Kubernetes as a Platform
Dev and Ops Equilibrium
Team Cognitive Load
Team Interactions
Team Topologies
3
Organizing business and
technology teams for fast flow
Matthew Skelton & Manuel Pais
IT Revolution Press (2019)
https://teamtopologies.com
Kubernetes as a platform
4
5
Source: https://www.infoq.com/news/2019/03/airbnb-kubernetes-workflow
Melanie’s talk: https://www.infoq.com/presentations/airbnb-kubernetes-services
6
7
Kubernetes platform
microservices
ops complexity
8
Kubernetes platform
deploy & run
abstractions
9
10
11
Still need to...
… set up hosts
… create/destroy clusters
… update to new K8s versions
… decide on namespaces vs clusters
<insert your fav chore here>
12
Still need to...
… set up hosts
… create/destroy clusters
… update to new K8s versions
… decide on namespaces vs clusters
… worry about security!
Who is responsible ?
13
Who is responsible ?
Who is impacted ?
14
Dev and Ops:
a fragile equilibrium
15
devopstopologies.com
devopstopologies.com
18
https://cloud.google.com/blog/products/devops-sre/the-2019-accelerate-state-of- devops-elite-
performance-productivity-and-scaling
devopstopologies.com
20
21
devopstopologies.com
devopstopologies.com
devopstopologies.com
devopstopologies.com
Team Cognitive Load
26
27
“Cognitive load is the total amount
of mental effort being used in the
working memory”
- John Sweller
28
29
Cognitive load
Intrinsic (skills)
Extraneous (mechanics)
Germane (business focus)
30
Cognitive load
Intrinsic (skills)
Extraneous (mechanics)
Germane (business focus)
31
32
Source: https://medium.com/@pingles/convergence-to-kubernetes-137ffa7ea2bc
33
Low-level AWS service calls (EC2, IAM, STS, Autoscaling, etc.) from January 2015 to January 2017
34
Low-level AWS service calls since Kubernetes adoption in January 2017
“We didn’t change our organization
because we wanted to use
Kubernetes, we used Kubernetes
because we wanted to change
our organization.”
- Paul Ingles
35
“The best part of my day is when I
update 10 different YAML files to
deploy a one-line code change.”
38
“The best part of my day is when I
update 10 different YAML files to
deploy a one-line code change.”
– No One, Ever
39
40
41
Team Topologies
42
Organizing business and
technology teams for fast flow
Matthew Skelton & Manuel Pais
IT Revolution Press (2019)
https://teamtopologies.com
43
44
45
46
enable stream-aligned
teams to deliver work
autonomously with self-
service capabilities ...
Platform Purpose
47
… in order to reduce
extraneous cognitive load
on stream-aligned teams
Platform Purpose
“A digital platform is a foundation of
self-service APIs, tools, services,
knowledge and support which are
arranged as a compelling internal
product.”
– Evan Bottcher, 2018
48
A good platform is
treated as a product
(reliable, usable,
fit for purpose)
49
Team Interactions
50
51
52
53
54service boundary
55service boundarycognitive load
62
63
strong collaboration with
stream-aligned teams for
any new service or evolution
Platform Behaviors
64
66
on-call support
service status pages
suitable comms channels
response time for incidents
downtime planned & announced
Platform as a Product
67
great product management
fast prototyping
fast feedback
Platform Behaviors
68
70
71
77
78
79
80
Zalando Kubernetes at Zalando
Mercedes DevOps Adoption at Mercedes-Benz.io
Twilio Platforms at Twilio: Unlocking Developer Effectiveness
Adidas Where Cloud Native Meets the Sporting Goods Industry
ITV ITV's Common Platform v2 Better, Faster, Cheaper, Happier
MAN Truck & Bus How to Manage Cloud Infrastructure at MAN Truck & Bus
Farfetch UX I DevOps - The Trojan Horse for Implementing a DevOps Culture
More platform examples
82
TeamTopologies.com
@TeamTopologies
20% discount:
VELOCITY20
teamtopologies.com/events
84
Thank you!
teamtopologies.com
85
Matthew Skelton, Conflux
@matthewpskelton
Manuel Pais, Independent
@manupaisable
Copyright © Conflux Digital Ltd 2018-2019. All rights reserved.
Registered in England and Wales, number 10890964
Icons made by Freepick from www.flaticon.com - used under license
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The Elephant in the Kubernetes Room: Team Interactions at Scale @ Velocity Berlin 2019