The document outlines essential SAP Sales and Distribution (SD) tables relevant for Alteryx users, detailing transaction, master data, and configuration data tables. Notable tables include sales document headers (VBAK) and line items (VBAP), as well as delivery (LIKP, LIPS) and billing documents (VBRK, VBRP). It serves as a guide for integrating SAP data with Alteryx through the DVW connector.