The rise of linux
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This document discusses the history and rise of Linux. It began in 1991 when Linus Torvalds created the first version as a student. Linux uses an open source model where thousands of programmers have improved it over time. While originally used mainly on servers, Linux is now found on many devices from phones to supercomputers. The document outlines strengths like flexibility and reliability but also challenges like a lack of centralized support and difficulties with desktop adoption. It argues Linux can rise above Microsoft by focusing on servers, where it dominates, and improving the desktop experience for users.
The rise of linux
- 1. The Rise of LinuxPresented by Diana Lim2010.10.12
- 2. QuestionThis is the official logo of LinuxYes?No?2
- 3. 3Linux and TuxTux was originally designed for the Linux logo contest
- 4. LinusTorvalds’ fixation for penguins
- 5. “Some people have told me they don't think a fat penguin really embodies the grace of Linux, which just tells me they have never seen a angry penguin charging at them in excess of 100mph. They'd be a lot more careful about what they say if they had.”4What is LinuxThe first version of Linux was released in 1991, created by LinusTorvalds then a 21-year-old student and self-confessed hacker studying in Helsinki.
- 6. Open and flexible (no patents or copyrights)
- 7. Improved and perfected by a thousands of programmers
- 8. Powerful as any OS
- 9. Open source (Mozilla, VLC Media Player, Wikipedia)
- 10. FREE5Linux vs. WindowsClash between Windows and Linux communities6Linux vs. WindowsIn a world without fences and walls, who needs Gates and Windows?
- 12. 8Where is LinuxWindows and OS X are predominantly found on personal computing devices such as desktop and laptop computers
- 13. “From wristwatches to supercomputers,” is the popular description of Linux' capabilities(GPS, Phones, Arcade game, Xbox, Playstation
- 14. "Linux" is a registered trademark of LinusTorvalds, the original author of the Linux kernel.
- 15. The kernel is at the heart of all Linux systems9Technical Strengths of LinuxScalability – runs on older systems
- 16. Attractive for orgs and third world (or schools) that lack of funds
- 17. Financial cost for large companies is lower
- 18. Flexibility
- 19. Anyone can modify or enhance
- 20. Operate with less system resources
- 21. Reliability – crash resistant (watch video)10Linux IssuesVisibility problem
- 22. Until Linus made the cover of Forbes in August 1998
- 23. The novelty appeals to the media, eager to paint a David vs Goliath scenario
- 25. Programmer oriented development assumed a certain level of familiarity
- 26. Deterred many potential users11Linux IssuesThe Importance of Support
- 27. Support is purely technical – no salespeople to translate corporate needs to computer solutions
- 28. Companies like Redhat and Caledra market through a channel of value added resellers and integrators
- 29. No existing scheme of training and certification12Linux IssuesOpen Source Culture
- 30. Both it greatest benefit and primary weakness
- 31. There is no “Linux Inc.” – no central authority to blame
- 32. Community-driven support superior to conventional help-desk models (awarded by InfoWorld in 1997 for best technical support)13How Can Linux Rise Above MicrosoftServer market – already conquered (just continue to scale upwards and keep creating incredible, usable servers)
- 33. The desktop – has yet to show the world exactly what a desktop can do for the user
- 34. Linux is still immature and the evolution is well underway14Threat of New Entrants (high)Microsoft’s hold on to the desktop market helps it extend power to server market (+)Microsoft is the largest player, but does not hold monopoly power (-)High entry barrier for desktop market (+) but low entry barriers for server market (-)Economies of scale – low cost of production once software has been developed (just download or a box of CDs)Cost Advantages – high barrier for closed-source OS developer (Windows has to recover overhead while Linux doesn’t) (-)Low capital Requirement – patents, codes, and knowledge (-)
- 35. 15Bargaining Power of Customers (high)Few suppliers (especially for high technology) (+)Perception that they offer superior product gains (Microsoft has high media profile and advertising) (+)Customers had little bargaining power (Windows pre-installed or Macintosh) (+)Bargaining power of customers is increasingVariety of OS increasing (-)Linux is FREE, no license required (-)
- 36. 16Bargaining Power of Suppliers (low)High buyer switching cost (psychological) of switching to other OS (+) (existing library of software and related files)Microsoft has more brand differentiation (+)Nowadays bargaining power of suppliers is decreasingLinux-compatible software are being developed (e.g. Oracle, IBM) (-)Dell starting to sell computers pre-loaded with Linux (-)More and more people are becoming tech-savvy (-)
- 37. 17Threat of Substitutes (high)No substitutes in the past (+)Piracy (-)Substitute performance – more reliable, flexible, and no blue screen (-)Switching costsOpenSource is the greatest threat to Microsoft (-)There are now literally hundreds of companies and organizations and an equal number of individuals that have released their own versions of operating systems based on the Linux kernel. a new operating system designed today wouldn't be a single piece of software on a single computer. Instead, it might be something that gives users access to data running across multiple devices, like PCs, TVs, cars, etc. "Instead of the computer being at the center, you (the user) are at the center,"
- 38. 18Competitive Rivalry (high)Microsoft’s dominance is constantly being threatened (-)Brand recognition (+)Diversity of Rivals (Microsoft engineers vs. programmers around the world)Unpredictability in terms of future revenues, spending and earning a lot from IP rights battles (-)Change in customer preferences (i.e. have to wait for next version of Windows) (-)Number of competitors (RedHat, Caledra) (-)
- 39. Who Said This?"Microsoft has vast resources, literally billions of dollars in cash, or liquid assets reserves. Microsoft is an incredibly successful empire built on the premise of market dominance with low-quality goods.“Steve Jobs, Apple founderLinusTorvalds, Linux founderRichard Clarke, former White House adviser19
- 40. 20Reasons to Switch to LinuxIs your copy of Window legit? Would you like to be an internet pirate all your life?
- 41. 21Reasons to Switch to Linuxeasier to install than Windows, and just as easy to runPeripherals such as printers, new DVD burner, and digital camera are easily detected and usable with LinuxTired of fighting malware? you don't have to run antispyware and antivirus software on LinuxNo more BSOD – it doesn’t crashLinux and accompanying software are FREEThere are Linux counterparts of most Windows programs. But if you really can’t find one, you can use Wine (Windows emulator) to run most of your Windows programs.
- 42. 22Reasons to Switch to LinuxWindows doesn’t fascinate you anymore
Editor's Notes
- #4: Tux was originally designed as a submission for a Linux logocontest. Three such competitions took place; Tux won none of them. This is why Tux is formally known as the Linux mascot and not the logoThere is a distinction between a "logo" and a "mascot". This allows them to be used separatelyTorvalds claims to have contracted "penguinitis" after being gently nibbled by a penguin: "Penguinitis makes you stay awake at nights just thinking about penguins and feeling great love towards them." Torvalds' supposed illness is a joke, but he really was bitten by a Little Penguinon a visit to the National Zoo & Aquarium, Canberrra AU. Torvalds was looking for something fun and sympathetic to associate with Linux, and a slightly fat penguin sitting down after having had a great meal perfectly fit the bill.
- #5: In late 1996 Linus accepted an invitation to visit the California headquarters of Transmeta, a start-up company in the first stages of designing an energy saving CPU. Linus was intrigued by their work and in early 1997 he accepted a position at Transmeta and moved to California with his family. Along with his work for Transmeta, Linus continued to oversee kernel development.In June of 2003, Linus left Transmeta in order to focus exclusively on the Linux kernel and began to work under the auspices of the Open Source Development Labs (OSDL) a consortium formed by high-tech companies which include IBM, Hewlett-Packard, Intel, AMD, RedHat, Novell and many others. The purpose of the consortium is to promote Linux development. OSDL merged with The Free Standards Group in January 2007 to become The Linux Foundation.
- #9: kernel is the central component of most computer operating systems; it is a bridge between applications and the actual data processing done at the hardware level
- #20: [Microsoft] went on the warpath against Linux to slow the adoption of it by government committees, including by Bill Gates. Nevertheless, because there were government agencies using Linux, I asked NSA to do an assessment of it. In a move that startled the open-source community, NSA joined that community by publicly offering fixes to the Linux operating system that would improve its security. Microsoft gave me the very clear impression that if the US government promoted Linux, Microsoft would stop cooperating with the US government. While that did not faze me, it may have had an effect on others. Microsoft's software is still being bought by most federal agencies, even though Linux is free.