The science of publishing. UR-LING Workshop May 2014
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The document discusses the speaker's personal reflections and insights on scientific publishing, highlighting the importance of understanding the publishing landscape and its implications for researchers' careers. It emphasizes the need for researchers to assess their motivations, the relevance of their work to the research community, and the various types of publications and metrics that affect their success. Additionally, it covers aspects like ethical authorship, communication strategies, and the impact of open access in the realm of academic publishing.
The science of publishing. UR-LING Workshop May 2014
- 1. The science of publishing UR-LING Workshop Aurelio Ruiz. May 2014 http://es.linkedin.com/in/aurelioruiz
- 2. What is this talk about?
- 3. The science of publishing This presentation is about my personal feelings, based on experience related to work with different research groups. It provides an overview and pointers to details. It generates questions rather than provide answers… But I have never published!!
- 4. The science of publishing NOT a 10 tips to write a successful article NOT a discussion about the way the scientific publishing industry works
- 5. The science of publishing What I expect from you: After this talk, you assess your own “relation” with scientific publishing There is not a single right approach - Discuss specific issues with peers / senior colleagues - Build your own approach: Being aware of how publishing works can be very beneficial for your career the implications of your choices affect your career
- 6. Who we are
- 7. Servei de Recerca Som uns FACILITADORS els requeriments dels programes de finançament de la recerca les normes de les institucions les necessitats de l’investigador Finançadors, programes UPF,administració pública Estratègiapròpia, situacióactual
- 8. Servei de Recerca ESTRUCTURA CENTRALITZADA Secció de suport a la política científica Oficina de projectes Secció de Gestió Econòmica ESTRUCTURA DESCENTRALITZADA Delegació Oficina de Projectes SdR Campus Comunicació-Poblenou Servei de Recerca i Unitat d'Innovació i Parcs Edifici Mercè Rodoreda C/Ramon Trias Fargas, 25-27 08005 Barcelona http://www.upf.edu/rdi/ Servei de Recerca Edifici Tànger C/Roc Boronat, 138 08018 Barcelona Despatx 55.223 Aurelio Ruiz: Promotor Campus Barbara Albareda: Oficina de Projectes (baixa) Neus Balaguer: Oficina de Projectes Txema Farrona: Gestió Econòmica Manel Ronda: Gestió Econòmica Nom.cognom@upf.edu
- 9. TRAINING Graduate, post-graduate and professional training Joint programs, national and international exchanges In-house training Career development for students, including stays at companies (practicum, thesis, etc) Innovation in teaching RESEARCH Research training (PhD programs) Public and private R&D calls (projects, human resources, infrastructures, research awards, etc) Collaborative projects, industrial PhDs Tailor-made R&D projects for external entities Prototyping and proof-of-concepts of new technologies and services Trend and business analysis in changing ICT, Health, Humanities and Social Sciences OTHER ACTIVITIES Access to spaces and specialized infrastructures to external parties Sponsorship, Social Responsibility Specialized consulting Technological platforms Direct technology and knowledge transfer (patents, open source, publications, etc) Cultural and artistic production UPF activities Assessment of publication impact
- 10. Library Services Bibliography manager: Mendeley. Next June 4th Seminar! http://www.upf.edu/intranet/cquid/formacio/3er_trimestre_201314/Fitxes/mendeley_comu2.html Open Access (Repository) UPF regulation / Recommendations UPF activities: publications
- 11. Overview on scientific publishing
- 12. Motivation Which is your motivation to publish? Which is your motivation to do research?
- 13. Motivation Which is your motivation to do research? Advancement of knowledge IMPACT New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant
- 14. Motivation Which is your motivation to do research? New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant State-of-the-art “information that has been made available to the public in any form before a given date” - Am I aware of the global state-of-the-art? (including that outside my closer community) - Contributions to state-of-the-art are multiple: Results, methods, reviews, etc
- 15. Motivation Which is your motivation to do research? New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant Public Research community. Which is the most relevant (and complete) research community relevant to my knowledge? Where do top researchers in my area of knowledge publish? Are there emerging areas of knowledge related to my work?
- 16. Motivation Which is your motivation to do research? New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant • How you can be useful to others / Others can be useful for you? • What can you offer? • Why could they be interested in you / your results / your methods? • Who are the direct and indirect beneficiaries of your research? • Who do you need to conduct your research? • Other skills • Infrastructures / Strategic providers • Requirements / feedback • Subjects for experiments • Visibility • Future employers!, etc... • “Greater why”: get to know properly the wider area of knowledge (and who plays a role)
- 17. Motivation Which is your motivation to do research? New knowledge which is not integrated in the research community is irrelevant Integration: Communication, validation, replication, acceptance, use Publishing is the core system to streamline this process
- 18. Motivation Knowledge integrated • Communication, validation, replication, acceptance, use Each field of knowledge has different social norms Get to know what is relevant for you Public Research community Assessment Get to know the system to maximize your success (relative assessment against peers) Career advancement
- 19. Issues we will discuss Motivation to do research Motivation to publish Who is your target community Types of publications Metrics The process (stakeholders): - The author - The reviewer - The reader - The journal - Other stakeholders Research data Communication Validation Replication Acceptance Use Individual work (regularly updated) The system The system in given area(s) of knowledge / career paths
- 20. Relevance of assessment We are judged by what we finish, not by what we start. We are judged by what we achieve, not by what we do. Own assessment All profiles in research are very qualified In terms of fundraising / career plans, absolute assessment is not useful Relative to competitors (not just from my field!) What is special in our CV with respect to equivalent peers?
- 21. How to write a successful article
- 22. How to write an article • Write early and often: do not wait until you have the results / chosen the journal • Planning is more effective if it starts from the end • Which are the publications I plan to submit based on my current work? Draft different working titles. Think about the required intermediate steps to conduct the research. • Does the work have the potential to lead to a single publication, or to a series of papers? Does it have any interest to generate some other material? • Where could I publish? • And where not? Why?
- 23. Planning an article: Logical Framework Approach Resources Activities Results Project purpose Greater Why WHAT FOR: This is the specific impact my publication aims at making. From all the problems, which is the one I address? (which difference does this publication bring among peers? Why should it be published against the other competitors?). WHAT: This is typically the contribution THIS TYPICALLY DETERMINES THE MOST ADEQUATE PUBLISHER HOW: Methodology HOW MUCH / WHO: Determines authorship WHY: Context analysis (area I contribute in). Overall state-of-the-art and macro-tendencies. This should be relatively stable, and continuously updated as my standard framework (my discipline may evolve, I may want to change, etc) http://ec.europa.eu/europeaid/multimedia/publications/documents/tools/europeaid_adm_pcm_guidelines_2004_en.pdf
- 24. How to write an article • What is the purpose of my thinking? • What precise question am I trying to answer? • Within what point of view am I thinking? • What information am I using? • How am I interpreting that information? • What concepts or ideas are central to my thinking? • What conclusions am I coming to? • What am I taking for granted, what assumptions am I making? • If I accept the conclusions, what are the implications? • What would the consequences be, if I put my thought into action? https://www.criticalthinking.org/pages/critical-thinking-identifying-the-targets/486
- 26. Type of publications Publisher • Peer-reviewed journals and books • Non peer-reviewed journals and books • Conference presentations (peer-reviewed and non peer-reviewed – organized or not by scholarly associations) and/or published in proceedings / Posters • Reports commissioned by external organisations • Promotional reports and materials on research • Articles in the popular press and other media, including blogs and science fora • Publication in web-based journals and project web sites • Patents Variability in content / scope • Research article, systematic review, meta-analysis, case-study, editorial, opinion article, technical paper, technical note, etc NOT ALL PUBLICATIONS HAVE THE SAME RELEVANCE FOR A GIVEN TARGET (FOR INSTANCE, ACADEMIC LIFE)
- 27. Type of publications How to choose: Who do you want to read your paper? - Get inspired by the top researchers in your (wide) area of research: - Where do they publish? - What type of articles? - How do you keep track of the state-of-the-art? What do you usually read? - Journal ranks and status: Impact-factor (normalised citations of an indexed journal over a period of time) / prestige in your field. Specially in humanities the impact factor is to be handle with great care (as variabilities are not high) - Adequacy to content / target reader. Browse the journals: - Type of content recently published - References in your own work - Type of publication: professional, academic, multi-disciplinary, applied, electronic (Blaxter et al, Writing on academic careers) - Quality of your work, co-authors - Read their instructions for authors - Check timelines for review and rejection rates - Check publication and copyright policy
- 28. Impact factor Índexs per valorar les revistes de Ciències Socials i Humanes http://www.upf.edu/bibtic/guiesiajudes/eines/avalua/rcsh.htm
- 29. Metrics
- 30. Metrics Communication Validation Replication Acceptance Use http://thomsonreuters.com/products/ip-science/04_030/using-bibliometrics-a-guide-to-evaluating-research-performance-with-citation-data.pdf H-index: reflects productivity and impact - Reduce the weight of highly- cited papers Journal impact factor: average citations of articles in a journal in 2 years Hierarchies of journals across areas Percentile indicators: relative
- 31. Metrics Communication Validation Replication Acceptance Use http://wokinfo.com/media/mtrp/UsingBibliometricsinEval_WP.pdf Understand correctly what they measure (for instance, journal metrics cannot be used at article level) Multi-authors: metrics do not give any information about author contribution (first author, or one among 100 co-authors?) Compare apples with apples: - Field definition: self-description of area, area to which journals where she publishes are assigned to - Date of publication - Career stage
- 32. Metrics Bibliometrics do not substitute peer evaluation! Bibliometrics provide numbers to support (potentially biased) peer assessment Just one metric is incomplete to measure a complex phenomenom such as scholarly impact http://wokinfo.com/media/mtrp/UsingBibliometricsin Eval_WP.pdf http://thomsonreuters.com/products/ip- science/04_030/using-bibliometrics-a-guide-to- evaluating-research-performance-with-citation- data.pdf
- 33. Metrics There are a lot of scientific papers out there. One estimate puts the count at 1.8 million articles published each year, in about 28,000 journals. Who actually reads those papers? According to one 2007 study, not many people: half of academic papers are read only by their authors and journal editors, the study's authors write. But not all academics accept that they have an audience of three. There's a heated dispute around academic readership and citation—enough that there have been studies about reading studies going back for more than two decades. (…) “Academia’s incentive structure is such that it’s better to publish something than nothing,”(…) the ways that the internet is letting academics see more accurately who is reading and citing their papers. “Since the turn of the century, dozens of databases such as Scopus and Google Scholar have appeared, which allow the citation patterns of academic papers to be studied with unprecedented speed and ease,” http://www.smithsonianmag.com/smart-news/half-academic-studies-are-never-read-more-three-people-180950222/?no-ist?no-ist
- 35. Metrics http://www.rcuk.ac.uk/documents/impacts/TypologyofResearchImpacts.pdf Other impacts lack universal metric: it does not mean that they cannot be assessed
- 37. Stakeholders
- 38. The author
- 39. Bibliometrics Information automatically retrieved by machines Importance of data integrity At level of author At the level of affiliation Correct use of references
- 40. The author: consistency http://ukwebfocus.wordpress.com/2012/11/19/why-you-should-do-more-than-simply- claiming-your-orcid-id/ Why You Should Do More Than Simply Claiming Your ORCID ID http://www.upf.edu/bibtic/novetats/140306.html http://guiesbibtic.upf.edu/orcid Campanya ORCID UPF Author name standardization very relevant for automatic retrieval of information In addition, ORCID provides an unique idenitifier
- 41. The author: ethics http://www.prbb.org/system/uploads/attachment/file/3/ca/CBPC_PRBB_CAT_CAST_ENG.PDF Code of good scientific practice PRBB http://www.upf.edu/universitat/planificacio/codi_etic.pdf Codi ètic de la Universitat Pompeu Fabra Who should be an author? To fully meet the criteria of author of a publication or patent, an individual must a) have made a substantial contribution to the creative process, that is, to the conception and design of the study, or to the analysis and interpretation of the data; b) have contributed to the preparation of the communications, reports, or publications that have arisen; and c) be able to present in detail his or her contribution to the project and to discuss the main aspects of the overall research. Authors must provide signed acceptance of the final version of original manuscripts submitted for publication or registration. It is unacceptable to claim or grant undeserved authorship or deny deserved authorship. (…) Unjustified claims of authorship and ghost authorship are forms of falsification http://www.esf.org/fileadmin/Public_documents/Publications/Code_Conduct_ResearchIntegrity.pdf The European Code of Conduct for Research Integrity
- 42. The author: ethics Variation among research fields, no universal set of standards but ethics codes http://www.elsevier.com/ethics/toolkit
- 43. The author: other issues Correct affiliation Recommendations for author name and affiliation standardization in UPF's scientific output http://www.upf.edu/bibtic/en/serveis/suport/filiacio/ Your career will be influenced by group, department and university prestige. Other acknowledgements: • Recognition to other’s contributions: provision of data, reviews, etc • Acknowledgement to funders “"The presented work was made possible by the Marie Curie Initial Training Network (ACRONYM), financed by the FP7 of the European Commission (contract-Nº XXX)."”
- 44. The reviewer
- 45. The rewiev(er) Reviewers are just peers. Think about yourself as a potential reviewer: - What do you expect to read? Level of rigour? - Be polite, learn from feedback (even if disencouraging)
- 46. Publishers
- 47. Openness http://www.inthelibrarywiththeleadpipe.org/2014/healthyself/ Copyright policies, open access self-archiving policies and open access publishing options. This is also a decision you make
- 48. Openness ‘Gold’ open access (open access publishing): payment of publication costs is shifted from readers (via subscriptions) to authors. These costs are usually borne by the university or research institute to which the researcher is affiliated, or by the funding agency supporting the research ‘Green’ open access (self-archiving): the published article or the final peer-reviewed manuscript is archived by the researcher in an online repository before, after or alongside its publication. Access to this article is often delayed (‘embargo period’) at the request of the publisher so that subscribers retain an added benefit. Institutional repository Thematic repositories (http://arxiv.org/) Also address allowing early access http://ec.europa.eu/research/science-society/document_library/pdf_06/era- communication-towards-better-access-to-scientific-information_en.pdf
- 51. Marketing Market your publications, nobody is going to make it for you: - If your results could be of interest at UPF level, or for the media, let the Communication Unit at UPF know. You can facilitate their interest if you can relate your results to any relevant issue - Make your publications available Open Access http://repositori.upf.edu/ If you would like to deposit a document in the e-Repository, please contact the Library by email at repositori@upf.edu or by telephone at 93 542 17 27 and keep you CV at UPF continuously updated - Create those profiles which could be relevant for you: - Scopus, WoS researcherID - Google Scholar - Social Networks such as ResearchGate -They in addition easily allow you to track new citations of your work (and identify potential future collaborators) - Let your colleagues know, directly, posting in shared webs (group, department, etc), ideally with the direct link to an open access publication - Could it be of interest for any professional publication? Give a try - Present your work at conferences, seminars…. Publishing it does not guarantee that it is effectively read!
- 52. Data management Why? Own reuse, external reuse (even condition to use other’s data), support to our publications (reproducibility / citation), precondition from funding agencies •What types of data do you generate/collect? • Types: Text, numerical, multimedia, models, software, discipline specific, instrument specific • Objects: Documents, spreadsheets, questionnaires, transcripts, audiotapes, videotapes, photographs, films, samples, data files, methodologies, workflows, procedures, protocols…. • Records: Ethics applications, consent forms, publications, reports, etc… • Processes: observational, experimental, simulations, derived or compiled, reference or canonical • What standards do you use? • How will this data be exploited and/or shared/made accessible for verification and re-use? If data cannot be made available, why? • How will this data be curated and preserved? http://datalib.edina.ac.uk/xerte/play.php?template_id=9
- 53. Summary Publishing is joining a “conversation” Get to know: - What you have to say - Who is interested in it - Which is the best way to reach them and generate further conversation Generate your own approach Your participation in this conversation will be continuously assessed: - Keep regular track of your (and other’s) contribution - Understand the metrics, and which are favourable to your targets - Use the resources available to you - Senior colleagues - Collaborators - University support
- 54. When closing this presentation…. In this new series — “How to Prepare a Manuscript for International Journals” — a seasoned editor gives advice to boost your chances of acceptance Six things to do before writing your manuscript 1. Think about why you want to publish your work – and whether it's publishable. 2. Decide what type of the manuscript to write. 3. Choose the target journal. 4. Pay attention to journal requirements in the Guide for Authors. 5. Pay attention to the structure of the paper. 6. Understand publication ethics to avoid violations. Closing advice • As you prepare your manuscript, there are some basic principles you should always keep in mind: • Cherish your own work – if you do not take care, why should the journal? • There is no secret recipe for success – just some simple rules, dedication and hard work. • Editors and reviewers are all busy scientists, just like you. Make things easy to save them time. http://www.elsevier.com/connect/six-things-to-do-before-writing-your-manuscript?sf2913695=1
- 55. Q&As Thank you