The Semantic Web #1 - Overview
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The document provides an overview of the Semantic Web, explaining its purpose, technologies, and case studies. It emphasizes the importance of structuring data with meaningful annotations for machine processing and discusses the potential of Semantic Web technologies like RDF, OWL, and SPARQL. Additionally, it highlights various applications, including Apple's Siri and Google's Knowledge Graph.
The Semantic Web #1 - Overview
- 1. Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology The Semantic Web Part 1. Overview of the Semantic Web Dr. Myungjin Lee
- 2. Overview of the Semantic Web • What is the Semantic Web? • Semantic Web Technologies • Semantic Web Case Studies 2 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 3. Overview of the Semantic Web • What is the Semantic Web? • Semantic Web Technologies • Semantic Web Case Studies 3 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 4. Vision • Knowledge Navigator (1987) – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QRH8eimU_20 • IBM Watson – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=FC3IryWr4c8 – http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=lI-M7O_bRNg 4 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 5. Internet • a global system of interconnected computer networks • a network of networks • Network – a collection of computers interconnected by communication channels Network Internet 5 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 6. Internet Services before the Web • E-Mail Communication: SMTP, POP3 • File Transfer: FTP • Remote Control: Telnet • Problem of these services: – Information access requires expert knowledge – Information access is expensive... – Information retrieval is very expensive... 6 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 7. World Wide Web • a system of interlinked hypertext documents accessed via the Internet Proposal of "Hypertext project" called "World Wide Web" 7 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 8. Characteristics of Web • Hyperlink and Multimedia webpage hyperlink hyperlink webpage webpage hyperlink • Advantages: – No expert knowledge required – Simple information access – Information retrieval via search engines 8 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 9. Web Architecture the main markup language for displaying web pages and other information that can be displayed in an web browser HTML Document HTTP URI an application protocol for distributed, collaborative, hypermedia Protocol Identifier a string of characters used to identify a name information systems or a resource 9 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 10. 10 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 11. Problem of HTML • HTML describes – how information is presented, displayed, and linked for human readers • There is no meaning of information. AutoTrader.com Cars.com same information, but … 11 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 12. Problem of HTML Audi A6 Maserati A6 A6 Metrobus Lines A6 Paper Size Apple A6 12 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 13. What we want on the Web? • to process the meaning of information automatically • to relate and integrate heterogeneous data • to deduce implicit information from existing information in an automated way The Web was designed as an information space, with the goal that it should be useful not only for human-human communication, but also that machines would be able to participate and help. 13 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 14. Approach of the Semantic Web • explicitly annotate metadata with its meaning that can be read and processed correctly by machines Object Gasoline 3.0L V6 AWD fuel 24V GDI engine drivetrain wheelbase 4 A6 115‖ doors Concept transmission body_style type 8-Speed Sedan Automatic Car Symbol 14 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 15. What is the Semantic Web • ―The Semantic Web provides a common framework that allows data to be shared and reused across application, enterprise, and community boundaries.‖ – W3C • ―The first step is putting data on the Web in a form that machines can naturally understand, or converting it to that form. This creates what I call a Semantic Web -- a web of data that can be processed directly or indirectly by machines.‖ – Tim Berners-Lee • ―The Semantic Web is an extension of the current web in which information is given well-defined meaning, better enabling computers and people to work in cooperation.‖ – Tim Berners-Lee 15 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 16. Overview of the Semantic Web • What is the Semantic Web? • Semantic Web Technologies • Semantic Web Case Studies 16 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 17. Semantic Web Layer Cake more vocabulary for describing properties and classes a vocabulary for describing properties and classes to exchange rules of RDF-based resources between many "rules languages" a protocol and query language for semantic web data sources an elemental syntax for content structure within documents a simple language for expressing data models, which refer to objects ("resources") and their relationships a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource 17 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 18. URI (Uniform Resource Identifier) • a string of characters used to identify a name or a resource URI URN (Uniform Resource Name) + URL (Uniform Resource Locator) urn:isbn:0451450523 ftp://asmith@ftp.example.org urn:isan:0000-0000-9E59-0000-O-0000-0000-2 http://en.example.org/wiki/url urn:issn:0167-6423 18 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 19. RDF (Resource Description Framework) • to be used as a general method for conceptual description or modeling of information that is implemented in web resources, using a variety of syntax formats http://www.cars.com/car#Gasoline http://www.cars.com/car#fuel http://www.cars.com/car#AWD http://www.cars.com/car#GDI http://www.cars.com/car#drivetrain http://www.cars.com/car#engine http://www.cars.com/car#doors http://www.cars.com/car#wheelbase 4 http://www.cars.com/car#A6 115‖ http://www.cars.com/car#body_style http://www.cars.com/car#transmission http://www.cars.com/car#Sedan http://www.cars.com/car#Auto_8-Speed http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#type http://www.cars.com/car#Car 19 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 20. XML (Extensible Markup Language) • a markup language that defines a set of rules for encoding documents in a format that is both human-readable and machine-readable <?xml version="1.0" encoding="utf-8"?> <note> <to>Tove</to> <from>Jani</from> <heading>Reminder</heading> <body>Don't forget me this weekend!</body> </note> 20 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 21. RDFS (RDF Schema) • a set of classes with certain properties using the RDF extensible knowledge representation language, providing basic elements for the description of ontologies, otherwise called RDF vocabularies, intended to structure RDF resources TBox - terminological component rdf:type car:Vehicle rdf:Property rdfs:Class rdfs:subClassOf rdf:type rdf:type car:Car car:body_style rdfs:domain rdf:type rdfs:range car:A6 car:Sedan car:Style car:body_style rdf:type 21 ABox assertion component Linked Data &-Semantic Web Technology
- 22. Ontology • knowledge representation as a set of concepts within a domain, and the relationships between those concepts formal, explicit specification of a shared conceptualisation "Ontologies are often equated with taxonomic hierarchies of classes, class definitions, and the subsumption relation, but ontologies need not be limited to these forms. Ontologies are also not limited to conservative definitions — that is, definitions in the traditional logic sense that only introduce terminology and do not add any knowledge about the world. To specify a conceptualization, one needs to state axioms that do constrain the possible interpretations for the defined terms." 22 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 23. OWL (Web Ontology Language) • a family of knowledge representation languages for authoring ontologies on the Semantic Web 23 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 24. Semantics of RDF, RDFS, and OWL • Each language for the Semantic Web provides a formal meaning based on a model-theoretic semantics in its abstract syntax. car:Vehicle rdfs:subClassOf <x, y> is in IEXT(I(rdfs:subClassOf)) car:Car rdf:type if and only if x and y are in IC and ICEXT(x) is a subset of ICEXT(y) rdf:type car:A6 24 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 25. Language for the Rule Description • SWRL (Semantic Web Rule Language) is a proposal for a Semantic Web rules-language, combining sublanguages of the OWL Web Ontology Language (OWL DL and Lite) with those of the Rule Markup Language (Unary/Binary Datalog). hasParent(?x1,?x2) ∧ hasBrother(?x2,?x3) ⇒ hasUncle(?x1,?x3) <ruleml:imp> <ruleml:_rlab ruleml:href="#example1"/> <ruleml:_body> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasParent"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasBrother"> <ruleml:var>x2</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> </ruleml:_body> <ruleml:_head> <swrlx:individualPropertyAtom swrlx:property="hasUncle"> <ruleml:var>x1</ruleml:var> <ruleml:var>x3</ruleml:var> </swrlx:individualPropertyAtom> </ruleml:_head> </ruleml:imp> 25 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 26. Inference • being able to derive new data from data that you already know hasWife if hasParent(?x, ?y) hasParent(?x, ?z) Man(?y) hasParent hasParent Woman(?z) then hasWife(?y, ?z) 26 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 27. SPARQL • Why do we need a query language for RDF? – Why de we need a query language for RDB? – to get to the knowledge from RDF • SPARQL Protocol and RDF Query Language – to retrieve and manipulate data stored in RDF format – to use SPARQL via HTTP PREFIX foaf: <http://xmlns.com/foaf/0.1/> RDF Knowledge Base SELECT ?name ?email WHERE { ?person a foaf:Person. ?person foaf:name ?name. ?person foaf:mbox ?email. } ?name ?email Myungjin Lee mjlee@li-st.com Gildong Hong gildong@daum.net Grace Byun grace@naver.com 27 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 28. Overview of the Semantic Web • What is the Semantic Web? • Semantic Web Technologies • Semantic Web Case Studies 28 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 29. Sig.ma 29 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 30. Naver Semantic Movie Search 30 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 31. Apple’s Siri • an intelligent personal assistant and knowledge navigator which works as an application for Apple's iOS • a natural language user interface to answer questions, make recommendations, and perform actions by delegating requests to a set of Web services Siri’s knowledge is represented in a unified modeling system that combines ontologies, inference networks, pattern matching agents, dictionaries, and dialog models. ... Siri isn’t a source of data, so it doesn’t expose data using Semantic Web standards. 31 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 32. Google’s Knowledge Graph • a knowledge base used by Google to enhance its search engine's search results with semantic-search information gathered from a wide variety of sources • over 570 million objects and more than 18 billion facts about and relationships between these different objects They decided to call it “Knowledge Graph”. 32 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 33. Facebook’s Open Graph Protocol • simple protocol for enabling any web page to become a rich object in a social graph Social Object cook Myungjin Lee http://example.com/cookie.html http://samples.ogp.me/Recipe http://www.facebook.com/mjinlee me:cook rdf:type og:title Stuffed Cookies http://example.com/zhen/cookie.jpg http://example.com/cookie.html og:image og:url og:description The Turducken of Cookies http://example.com/zhen/cookie.html 33 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 34. Twitter Annotations • to add one or more annotations that represent structured metadata about the tweet First element is a type. Every Annotations has a type. Type maps to attribute and value pair. Second element is one or more attribute names with values. http://r.github.com/annotationsformatter/ 34 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 35. Linking Open Data • a method of publishing structured data to share information in a way that can be read automatically by computers based on standard Web technologies such as HTTP and URIs 35 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 36. The Linking Open Data cloud diagram 36 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 37. User Generated Content Media Publications Government Domain Number of datasets Triples (Out-)Links Media 25 18,4185,2061 5044,0705 Geographic 31 61,4553,2484 3581,2328 Government 49 133,1500,9400 1934,3519 Publications 87 29,5072,0693 1,3992,5218 Cross-domain 41 41,8463,5715 6318,3065 Life Sciences 41 30,3633,6004 1,9184,4090 User-generated Content 20 1,3412,7413 344,9143 Total 295 316,3421,3770 5,0399,8829 Geographic Life Sciences Cross-Domain 37 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 38. DBPedia • a project aiming to extract structured content from the information created as part of the Wikipedia project using the Resource Description Framework (RDF) to represent the extracted information • more than 3.64 million things, out of which 1.83 million are classified in a consistent ontology • 2,724,000 links to images and 6,300,000 links to external web pages • over 1 billion pieces of information (RDF triples) 38 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 39. DBPedia 39 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 40. Linked Data on BBC Data from Wikipedia Data from MusicBrainz 40 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 41. Best Buy with GoodRalations <div class="vcard" typeof="gr:LocationOfSalesOrServiceProvisioning" about="#store_1796"> <div class="hours" rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursSpecification"> <li class="day0" typeof="gr:OpeningHoursSpecification" about="#storehours_sun"> <span rel="gr:hasOpeningHoursDayOfWeek" resource="http://purl.org/goodrelations/v1#Sunday" class="day"> <span property="gr:opens" datatype="xsd:time" content="11:00:00" class="open"> ... 41 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 42. Open Government Data • By ―open‖, ―open‖ data is free for anyone to use, re- use and re-distribute. Open • By ―government data‖ we mean data and information Open Open Open produced or commissioned Data Gov Gov by government or Data government controlled Data Gov Data entities. Gov 42 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 43. Data.gov (the United States Government) 43 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 44. Data.gov.uk (HM Government) 44 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 45. Data-Gov Wiki • a project for investigating open government datasets using semantic web technologies – 417 RDFlized datasets covering the content of 703 out of 5762 datasets with 6.46 billion RDF triples. – additional RDF-ized datasets including 35 Non-Data.gov Datasets with 0.9 billion more RDF triples. • http://data-gov.tw.rpi.edu/wiki/The_Data-gov_Wiki 45 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 46. KDATA (Linked Data for Korea) Domain Triples 국가코드 3,899 엔터테인먼트 44,278 행정구역 2,969 초중고등학교 126,469 교육청 1,130 대학교 2,833 사회적 기업 5,539 서울시 개방 화장실 47,340 야구선수 및 팀 228,872 지하철역 4,450 역사 5,392 행정데이터표준용어 109,101 한옥마을 1,155 공공 WiFi설치정보 1,671 KDATA 분류용어 808 전통시장 4,535 국립공원 10,605 문화재 80,156 공공체육시설 49,799 생물분류 3,256 문화시설 9,418 공원정보 및 프로그램 2,429 가격안정모범업소 16,212 가격안정모범업소 상품목록 14,300 공공시설물 인증제품 6,931 제설함 위치정보 39,218 야생동식물정보 115,099 야생동식물 출현정보 139,608 합계 1,077,472 46 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 47. References • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Internet • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Computer_network • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/World_Wide_Web • http://www.slideshare.net/lysander07/openhpi-11 • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Html • http://www.google.com/insidesearch/howsearchworks/thestory/ • http://www.go-gulf.com/blog/60-seconds/ • http://www.slideshare.net/lysander07/openhpi-15 • http://www.w3.org/DesignIssues/Semantic.html • http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Semantic_web • http://www.slideshare.net/lysander07/openhpi-13 • http://www.w3.org/2001/sw/ • Tim Berners-Lee, James Hendler, and Ora Lassila, "The Semantic Web", Scientific American Magazine, 2001. • http://www.w3.org/2007/Talks/0130-sb-W3CTechSemWeb/#(24) • http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/semantic-web-13288556 • http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/linked-open-government-data-15708234 • http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/linkeddata • http://www.slideshare.net/sonagi/ss-16734202 • http://www.slideshare.net/lysander07/13-semantic-web-technologies-linked-data-semantic-search • http://kdata.kr/index.jsp • http://linkeddata.org/ • http://lod-cloud.net/ 47 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology
- 48. Dr. Myungjin Lee e-Mail : mjlee@li-st.com Twitter : http://twitter.com/MyungjinLee Facebook : http://www.facebook.com/mjinlee SlideShare : http://www.slideshare.net/onlyjiny/ 48 Linked Data & Semantic Web Technology