![Axial skeleton
Axial skeleton consists of:
1. Skull
i. Neurocranium [Occipital, parietal,
frontal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid]
ii. Face [Nasal, maxilla, lacrimal,
zygomatic , palatine, inferior nasal
conchae, vomer , mandible, hyoid]
iii. Ear [Ossicles, malleus, incus, stapes]
2.Thorax [Sternum ,rib cage ]
3.Vertebral column [cervical 7, thoracic
12, lumbar 5, sacrum 5, coccyx 4]](https://image.slidesharecdn.com/theskeletonsystemoverview-210224212227/85/The-skeleton-system-overview-10-320.jpg)
The skeleton system overview
- 1. THE SKELETON SYSTEM OVERVIEW Presentation by Dr. Kainat kasi (PT)
- 2. Overview of human skeleton Bones provide a rigid framework, known as the skeleton. Function: 1. Provide support and protect the soft organs of the body. 2. The skeleton supports the body against the pull of gravity. 3. Locomotion.
- 3. Bones of the human skeleton The human skeleton of an adult consists of around 206 to 213 bones, and there are 300 bones in children, depending on the counting of sternum (which may alternatively be included as the manubrium, body of sternum, and the xiphoid process). It is composed of 300 bones at birth, but later decreases to 80 bones in the axial skeleton and 126 bones in the appendicular skeleton. Many small accessory bones, such as some sesamoid bones, are not included in this count. There are 20 major bones.
- 4. The skeleton The human skeleton is made up of 206 bones, including bones of the: Skull :Including the jaw bone Spine: Cervical, thoracic and lumbar vertebrae, sacrum and tailbone (coccyx) Chest: ribs and breastbone (sternum) Arms: shoulder blade (scapula), collar bone (clavicle), humerus, radius and ulna Hands: wrist bones (carpals), metacarpals and phalanges Pelvis: hip bones Legs: thigh bone (femur), kneecap (patella), shin bone (tibia) and fibula Feet :tarsals, metatarsals and phalanges.
- 5. Type of Bones Bone types: There are four different types of bone in the human body: Long bone has a long, thin shape. Examples include the bones of the arms and legs (excluding the wrists, ankles and kneecaps). With the help of muscles, long bones work as levers to permit movement. Short bone: has a squat, cubed shape. Examples include the bones that make up the wrists and the ankles. Irregular bone: has a shape that does not conform to the above three types. Examples include the bones of the spine (vertebrae). Flat bone: has a flattened, broad surface. Examples include ribs, shoulder blades, breast bone and skull bones.
- 6. FUNCTION OF SKELETON SYSTEM primary functions of the skeleton are to provide a rigid, internal structure that can support the weight of the body against the force of gravity, and to provide a structure upon which muscles can act to produce movements of the body. The lower portion of the skeleton is specialized for stability during walking or running. In contrast, the upper skeleton has greater mobility and ranges of motion, features that allow you to lift and carry objects or turn your head and trunk. In addition to providing for support and movements of the body, the skeleton has protective and Storage functions. It protects the internal organs, including the brain, spinal cord, heart, lungs, and pelvic organs. The bones of the skeleton serve as the primary storage site for important minerals such as calcium and phosphate. The bone marrow found within bones stores fat and houses the blood- cell producing tissue of the body.
- 7. Appendicular skeleton The appendicular skeleton is the portion of the skeleton of vertebrates consisting of the bones that support the appendages. There are 126 bones. The appendicular skeleton includes the skeletal elements within the limbs, as well as supporting shoulder girdle pectoral and pelvic girdle. The word ‘appendicular’ is the adjective of the noun appendage, which itself means a part that is joined to something larger.
- 8. Appendicular skeleton The appendicular skeleton is divided into six major regions: 1. Shoulder girdles (4 bones) - Left and right clavicle (2) and scapula (2). 2. Arms and forearms (6 bones) - Left and right humerus (2) (arm), ulna (2) and radius (2) (forearm). 3. Hands (54 bones) - Left and right carpals (16) (wrist), metacarpals (10), proximal phalanges (10), intermediate phalanges (8) and distal phalanges (10). 4. Pelvis (2 bones) - left hip bone and right hip bone (2). 5. Thighs and legs (8 bones) - Left and right femur (2) (thigh), patella (2) (knee), tibia (2) and fibula (2) (leg). 6. Feet and ankles (52 bones) - Left and right tarsals (14) (ankle), metatarsals (10), proximal phalanges (10), intermediate phalanges (8) and distal phalanges (10).
- 9. Axial skeleton The axial skeleton is the part of the skeleton that consists of the bones of the head and trunk of a vertebrate. In the human skeleton, it consists of 80 bones and is composed of six parts; the skull (22 bones), also the ossicles of the middle ear, the hyoid bone, the rib cage, sternum and the vertebral column.
- 10. Axial skeleton Axial skeleton consists of: 1. Skull i. Neurocranium [Occipital, parietal, frontal, temporal, sphenoid, ethmoid] ii. Face [Nasal, maxilla, lacrimal, zygomatic , palatine, inferior nasal conchae, vomer , mandible, hyoid] iii. Ear [Ossicles, malleus, incus, stapes] 2.Thorax [Sternum ,rib cage ] 3.Vertebral column [cervical 7, thoracic 12, lumbar 5, sacrum 5, coccyx 4]