THE SKELETAL SYSTEM - The functions of bone Classification and structures of bones Axial skeleton Appendicular skeleton The joints
- 1. HAF 130 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY THE SKELETAL SYSTEM
- 2. Learning Objectives 1. The functions of bone 2. Classification and structures of bones 3. Axial skeleton 4. Appendicular skeleton 5. The joints
- 3. The Skeletal System Parts of the skeletal system: Bones (skeleton) Joints (the part of the body where two or more bones meet to allow movement) Cartilages (a strong, flexible connective tissue that protects your joints and bones) Ligaments (a fibrous connective tissue that attaches bone to bone, and usually serves to hold structures together and keep them stable) Tendons (a fibrous connective tissue that attaches muscle to bone)
- 4. The Skeletal System cont. Divided into two divisions 1. Axial skeleton 2. Appendicular skeleton
- 5. Functions of Bones 1. Shape and support 2. Protection 3. Allow for movement 4. Mineral storage 5. Blood cell formation
- 6. Classification of Bone Types Figure 5.1 The adult skeleton has 206 bones
- 7. Classification of Bones Types cont. 1. Long bones Characteristics: Longer than they are wide Example: Arms and legs Functions: Provide structural support
- 8. 2. Short bones Characteristics: Blocklike, length and width about the same Example: Wrist and ankles Function: Connect with other short bones to allow for wider range of movement than larger bones Classification of Bones Types cont.
- 9. 3. Flat bones Characteristics: Thin, flat, slightly curved Example: Scapula (Shoulder blades), ribs, sternum, pelvic bones, outer skull bones Functions: Protect the soft tissues of the brain and organs in the thorax and pelvis Classification of Bones Types cont.
- 10. 4. Irregular bones Characteristics: Complex, no general shape Example: Vertebral column; facial and internal skull bones Functions: The variety of shapes create surfaces that tendons and ligaments can attach to. Classification of Bones Types cont.
- 11. The Axial Skeleton 80 bones Divided into: • Skull • Vertebral column • Ribs • Sternum
- 12. The Axial Skeleton cont.
- 13. The Appendicular Skeleton 126 bones Divided into: Limbs Pectoral girdle Pelvic girdle
- 14. Joints 1. An articulation, or joint, is where two bones come together. 2. Functions of joints Hold bones together Movement
- 15. Types of Joints 1. Synarthroses – immovable joints 2. Amphiarthrotic – slightly moveable joints 3. Diarthrotic – freely moveable joints Suture Ribs Synovial Joints
- 16. Tutorial 1. State the functions of bone (5 marks) 2. Describe the classification of bone types (8 marks) 3. State TWO (2) examples of axial skeleton (2 marks). 4. State TWO (2) examples of appendicular skeleton (2 marks). 5. Based on the example shown above, identify the types of joints (3 marks). X Y Z
- 17. HAF 130 ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY THANK YOU
Editor's Notes
- #2: Hyperlink to Video on Skeleton Image Only watch the first 11 minutes
- #3: Hyperlink to Video on Skeleton Image Only watch the first 11 minutes
- #8: Condyle (rounded bump) Trochanter (large bump-like projection) Larger than a tuberosity
- #12: Bony Thorax (ribs and sternum)
- #17: Hyperlink to Video on Skeleton Image Only watch the first 11 minutes
- #18: Hyperlink to Video on Skeleton Image Only watch the first 11 minutes