The X Factor uses various online platforms like Twitter, Instagram, a website and app to reach potential viewers and allow voters to engage with the show. Livingstone's theory that media will converge through single devices is partly accurate because viewers can access X Factor content through a phone, though Jenkins argued media will diverge across devices as content converges. The X Factor also uses above and below the line advertising, with the app and website as above the line options and ads on other platforms and apps as below the line.