Theories and Definitions of Intelligence
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The document discusses several influential theories and definitions of intelligence from prominent psychologists throughout history. It describes Alfred Binet and Theodore Simon's Binet-Simon Scale from the 1890s, which aimed to measure intellectual development in children. It also discusses Charles Spearman's two-factor theory distinguishing between general intelligence ("g") and specific abilities ("s"). Additionally, it outlines Lewis Terman's revision of the Binet-Simon test called the Stanford-Binet Individual Intelligence Test in 1906 and Edward Thorndike's stimulus response theory from 1903 measuring intelligence through completion, arithmetic, vocabulary, and direction tests.
Theories and Definitions of Intelligence
- 1. Theories and Definitions of Intelligence Anne Jeanette M. Quilatan III-10 BS Psychology
- 2. • Alfred Binet, French Psychologist (1857-1911) - Modern approach to understand the concept of intelligence began with his work together with his colleague, Theodore Simon. 1. The Binet-Simon Scale (1890’s)
- 3. Why did they make it? • A push for compulsory education • To identify students with special education • To measure the intellectual development of young children ages 3-12 • To measure the ability of children to think and reason
- 4. • The term IQ or Intelligence Quotient evolved.
- 6. 2. Spearman’s Two-Factor Theory of Intelligence Charles Spearman, a British Psychologist (1834-1945) Advanced the “Two Factor Theory of Intelligence “g” and “s”.
- 7. intelligence comprises both a single, pervasive reasoning ability, a general factor, that is used on a wide variety of tasks and a number of narrow abilities, specific factors, involved in executing particular tasks.
- 8. 3. Terman’s Stanford Binet Individual Intelligence Test (1906) Lewis Madison Terman, American Cognitive Psychologist -Published a revised Binet-Simon Scale for American population in 1906 at Stanford University
- 9. The Stanford-Binet is designed to measure skills in four areas: verbal reasoning, abstract/visual reasoning, quantitative reasoning, and short-term memory.
- 10. 4. Thorndike’s Stimulus Response Theory • Edward Lee Thorndike, an American Psychologist and his students used objective measurements of intelligence on human subjects, 1903. • Developed a multi factored test of intelligence: completion, arithmetic, vocabulary, and directions test. (CAVD)
- 11. • He drew an important distinction among three broad classes of intellectual functioning: Abstract Intelligence, Mechanical intelligence, and Social Intelligence. Abstract Intelligence has four dimensions: Altitude Width Area Speed Thorndike's Law of Exercise • Trial and error and Stimulus Response Association “ Stimulus-response connections that are repeated are strengthened, and Stimulus - response connections that are not used are weakened”