Theories of personality development
- 2. INTRODUCTION •The term personality has been derived from the Latin word “Persona” which meant a “mask” The mask, worn by the actors, was called persona. •“Personality is that which permits a predication of what a person will do in a given situation.” R.B.Cattell,
- 3. ELEMENTS OF PERSONALITY Character Denotes Conative Behaviour Temperament Denotes Affective Behaviour Intellect Denotes Intelligence (Cognitive) Behavior Physique Dontes bodily configuration
- 4. THEORIES OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT 1 • Sigmund Freud • Psychosexual Development Theory 2 • Erik Erikson • Psychosocial Development Theory 3 • Jean Piaget • Intellectual Development Theory 4 • Lawrence Kohlberg • Moral Development Theory 5 • Melaine Klein • Object Relation Theory
- 5. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Psychosexual Development Theory Stages Oral Anal Phallic Latent Genital
- 6. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Stage – I The Oral Stage
- 7. Stage – 1: The Oral Stage • Age Range: Birth to 1 Year • Erogenous Zone: Mouth • During the oral stage, the infant’s primary source of interaction occurs through the mouth, so the rooting and sucking reflex is especially important. • Infant derives pleasure from oral stimulation through gratifying activities such as tasting and sucking. Because the infant is entirely dependent upon caretakers • the infant also develops a sense of trust and comfort through this oral stimulation. Oral fixation can result in problems with drinking, eating, smoking or nail biting.
- 8. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Stage – 2 The Anal Stage
- 9. Stage – 2: The Anal Stage • € € Age Range: 1 to 3 years • € € Erogenous Zone: Bowel and Bladder Control • During the anal stage, primary focus of the libido is on controlling bladder and bowel movements. • The major conflict at this stage is toilet training--the child has to learn to control his or her bodily needs. Freud believed that positive experiences during this stage served as the basis for people to become competent, productive and creative adults. • If parents approach toilet training is too lenient or too strict to toilet training, can leads to anal-expulsive personality and anal-retentive personality respectively.
- 10. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Stage – 3 The Phallic Stage
- 11. Stage – 3: The Phallic Stage • € € € € Age Range: 3 to 6 Years • € € Erogenous Zone: Genitals • During the phallic stage, the primary focus of the libido is on the genitals. At this age, children also begin to discover the differences between males and females.
- 12. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Stage – 4 The Latency Stage
- 13. Stage – 4: The Latency Stage • € € Age Range: 6 to Puberty • € € Erogenous Zone: Sexual Feelings Are Inactive • During the latent period, the libido interests are suppressed. The development of the ego and superego contribute to this period of calm. The stage begins around the time that children enter into school and become more concerned with peer relationships, hobbies and other interests. • This stage is important in the development of social and communication skills and self-confidence.
- 14. FREUD’S THEORY OF PERSONALITY DEVELOPMENT Stage – 5 The Genital Stage
- 15. Stage – 4: The Genital Stage • € € € € Age Range: Puberty to Death • € € Erogenous Zone: Maturing Sexual Interests • During the final stage of psychosexual development, the individual develops a strong sexual interest in the opposite sex. • This stage begins during puberty but last throughout the rest of a person’s life.