Theories of Technology
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This document discusses technology and its management. It begins with definitions of technology and how it has evolved over time. Technologies are then classified as new, emerging, high, medium, low, or appropriate. High technology employs highly educated people and competes through innovation. The management of technology is described as an interdisciplinary field focusing on developing technological capabilities to achieve organizational objectives and national economic growth. Effective technology management is important for business success and national competitiveness.
Theories of Technology
- 1. #TS #COT #MOT Presented by: Roland R. Fajardo, MAN, MIM
- 2. Agenda • Technology and Society • Classification of Technology • Management of Technology
- 3. TECHNOLOGY It was first used to describe applied arts, now used to described advancements and changes. GREEK WORDS
- 4. Technology and Society • Technology has a profound effect on human development and on the progress of civilization. • Technology can refer to as the totality of the means employed to provide objects necessary for human sustenance and comfort.
- 6. Wheel and Car Timeline
- 9. Technology defined Technology Services Knowledge Products Processes Tools Methods Systems
- 10. Technology is the practical implementation of knowledge, a means of supporting human endeavor.
- 11. Knowledge and Technology • The world emerged from the industrial age, where machines replaced human and animal muscle, into information age, where machines are replacing the human brain. • Exponential increase in knowledge accelerates technological change exponentially.
- 13. Classification of Technology 1. New Technology – newly introduced that has an explicit impact on the company in terms of producing products and services.
- 14. Classification of Technology 2. Emerging Technology - not yet fully commercialized but will become within coming years. Currently limited use but is expected to evolve significantly. 3D metal genetic engineering nanotechnology artificial embryos printer
- 15. Classification of Technology 3. High Technology – (high tech) advanced or sophisticated technologies. Larsen & Rogers, 1998; Mohrman &Von Ginlow, 1990 a. Employs highly educated people (scientist and engineers) b. Technology is changing at a faster rate c. Competes with technological innovation d. High level of Research & Development expenditures e. Potential to use technology for rapid growth & its survival is threatened by the emergence of competing technology.
- 16. Classification of Technology Based from the online article Techworld (Magee, March 2018), China has nine amazing example of high-tech innovation. 1. Super solar expressway that charges electric vehicles as they drive 2. Floating solar power plant 3. Shenzhen East Waste-to-Energy Plant 4. Transit Elevated Bus 5. Quantum Science Satellite 6. Five hundred meter Aperture Spherical Telescope (FAST) 7. 3D-printed houses 8. Tianhe-2 9. Customized server chips with Qualcomm
- 17. Super solar express way • Source: Ejinsight on the pulse, March 1, 2018. • Called Hangzhou-Shaoxing-Ningbo Expressway, is expected to be completed before the 2022 Asian Games to be held in Hanzhou. • Six-lane expressway, 161 km in length • Connect Hangzhou, Shaoxing and Ningbo cities • Provide facilities to prompt the use of electric cars, including solar powered plug-in charging stations.
- 18. Floating solar power plant • The world's largest floating solar power plant was completed and connected to the local power grid in China's Anhui province in May 2015. • This 40-megawatt solar facility is built on top of a flooded coal mining region.
- 19. Shenzhen East Waste-to-Energy Plant • Industrial hub of Shenzhen, Danish firm Schmidt Hammer Lassen Architects has proposed the planet’s biggest waste to energy plant, designed to transform 5,000 tonnes of waste every day into power. • The plant is due to open in 2020, and it will be almost a mile wide.
- 20. Classification of Technology 4. Low Technology – permeated large segments of human society. Characteristics: a. Relatively low levels of education or skill b. Use manual or semiautomatic operations c. Low levels of research expenditure d. Technology base used is stable with little change
- 21. Classification of Technology 5. Medium Technology – comprises a wide set of technologies that fall between high and low technologies. Example: Consumer products and the Automotive Industry
- 22. Classification of Technology 6. Appropriate Technology – used to indicate a good match between the technology utilized and the resources required for its optional use. Bike Water Pumps The Hipo Water Roller Life Straw
- 23. Classification of Technology 7. Codified versus Tacit Technology Tacit Technology - non-articulated knowledge transferred by demonstration or observation. Codified Technology – allows people to know how technology works but not necessarily why its works in a certain way.
- 24. Management of Technology • An interdisciplinary field. – Science – Engineering – Management of Knowledge and Practice • Focus on technology as primary factor on wealth creation. MOT Natural Science Social Science Industrial Practice Business Theory Engineering
- 25. Wealth Wealth Enhancement of Knowledge Intellectual Capital Effective Exploitation of Resources Preservation of Natural Environment Raising standard of living & Quality of life
- 26. MOT • Managing technology implies managing the system that enable the creation, acquisition and exploitation of technology. • It involves assuming responsibility for creating, acquiring and spinning out technology to aid human endeavors and satisfy customer’s needs.
- 28. MOT premise, technology is the most influential factor in a wealth-creation system.
- 29. MOT at the Firm Level • National Research Council Report (1987) “ MOT as an interdisciplinary field concerned with the planning, development and implementation of technological capabilities to shape and accomplish the operational and strategic objectives of an organization.”
- 30. MOT at the Firm Level • Focus on interdisciplinary field (science, engineering and business administration). • Impacts to R&D, Design, production, Marketing, finance, personnel and information. • Domain involves both operational and strategic interest of the organization. • Efforts to improve productivity, increase effectiveness, and strengthen the competitive position of the enterprise.
- 31. MOT at the National/Government level “MOT as a field of knowledge and concerned with the setting and implementation of policies to deal with technological development and utilization, and the impact of technology on society, organization, individual and nature. It aims to stimulate innovation, create economic growth and to foster responsible use of technology for the benefit of human being (Khalil, 1993)”
- 32. National/Government level • Focus more on the role of the public policy as it applies to the advancement of Science and Technology • Overall impact on society, particularly its role in developing sustainable economic growth. • Effect of technological change to people, type education and training they need. • Effect health and safety both people and environment.
- 33. CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK OF MOT
- 34. The roles of MOT MOT field helps nation and firms to answer the following question: • How it can be exploited to create business opportunities. • How to integrate strategy with business strategy. • How to use technology to gain competitive advantage • How technology improve the flexibility of manufacturing and service systems. • How to structure organization that embraces technological change • When to enter or abandon technology
- 35. Summary • Technology is clearly one of the dominant features of modern world. • Whether one supports or condemns, there is total consensus that managing technology effectively is critically important to the success and survival of individual companies and to national economic well- being and growth.
- 37. • Management of Technology by Taret Khalil • https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/History_of_technology • https://www.click.in/hyderabad/free-workshop-on-emerging- technologies-at-lasya-infotech-c72-v27461838#vp4 • https://www.technologyreview.com/lists/technologies/2018/ • https://www.techworld.com/picture-gallery/data/examples-of-high-tech- innovation-in-china-3641347/ • http://www.ejinsight.com/20180301-chinas-first-solar-powered-super- expressway-to-open-by-2022/