Theories, principles and approaches
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Phonetics is the study of speech sounds, including their articulation, acoustic properties, and perception. It examines the places in the vocal tract where sounds are made, such as the lips, teeth, palate, and glottis. Phonetics also analyzes the manner of articulation, such as stops, fricatives, nasals, and glides. In addition, it considers suprasegmental features like intonation, stress, and rhythm which convey meaning beyond the words.
Theories, principles and approaches
- 2. A. The Sound of English Phonetic (from the Greek word phone, "sound, voice") -- is the study of the way humans make, transmit, and receive speech sounds. I. Articulatory Phonetics- vocal organs are used to produce speech sounds. II. Acoustic Phonetics- physical properties of speech sounds. III. Auditory Phonetics- study of the way people perceive sounds.
- 3. Places of Articulation bilabial - meaning that both lips are used to form the constriction. labiodental - involving both the bottom lip and top teeth. interdental - placing the tip of the tongue between the front teeth. alveolar - putting the tip of the tongue on or close to the alveolar ridge behind the upper front teeth. palatal - making a sound near the hard roof of the mouth, called palate. velar - making a sound near the soft back portion of the roof of the mouth, called velum. glottal - using the gap between the vocal folds, called glottis, to make a sound.
- 5. Manner of Articulation Stops – are made by obstructing the air stream completely in the oral cavity. Fricatives- are made by forming a nearly completely stoppage of the air stream. Affricates- are made by briefly stopping the air stream completely and then releasing the articulators slightly so that the friction is produced. Nasals- are those sounds that pass through the nasal cavity. Liquids- when a liquid is produced, there is an obstruction formed by the articulators, but it is not narrow enough to stop the airflow on the friction. Glides- are made with only a slight closure of the articulators.
- 6. Suprasegmental or Prosodic Properties Intonation- refers to the different tones of the voice in delivering a message. Rising-Falling Intonation- is used with statements & commands. Rising Intonation- is used with questions that require YES or NO answers. Non-Final Intonation- is used in giving enumerations & lists. Stress- is the prominence given to a syllable of a word, a whole word or syllable within an utterance by increasing pitch, loudness & length.