Thermodynamics introduction
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The document provides an overview of thermodynamics, detailing its key concepts such as systems, surroundings, and boundaries, along with types of systems including open, closed, and isolated systems. It also explains macroscopic properties, state functions, and distinguishes between extensive and intensive properties. Additionally, the Zeroth Law of Thermodynamics is introduced, which describes thermal equilibrium between objects.
Thermodynamics introduction
- 1. Dr.P.GOVINDARAJ Associate Professor & Head , Department of Chemistry SAIVA BHANU KSHATRIYA COLLEGE ARUPPUKOTTAI - 626101 Virudhunagar District, Tamil Nadu, India THERMODYNAMICS
- 2. THERMODYNAMICS • It is the branch of physical chemistry that deals about the change of heat energy in chemical and physical process Importance of thermodynamics : • Equations relating to certain physical properties with the variation of temperature and pressure have been developed with the help of thermodynamics law • The laws of thermodynamics can be used to predict the direction in which a process would proceed
- 3. THERMODYNAMICS The three importance terms used in thermodynamics are a) system b) surrounding c) boundary Terminology of thermodynamics :
- 4. • A part of universe under our observation is called as system System THERMODYNAMICS • The remaining part of the system in the universe is called as surrounding Surrounding • The space separating the system from its surrounding is called as boundary Boundary
- 5. • System which can exchange both energy and matter with its surrounding is called as open system Types of System THERMODYNAMICS Open system Example: Heating water and cooling hot water in a glass beaker
- 6. • System which can exchange energy but not matter with its surrounding is called as closed system Closed system Example: Heating water and cooling hot water in a closed glass vessel THERMODYNAMICS
- 7. • System which can neither exchange energy nor matter with its surroundings is called as isolated system Isolated system Example: Thermally insulated scaled tube containing liquid and vapour THERMODYNAMICS
- 8. • System which contains large number of particles (molecules, atoms, ions etc..) is called as macroscopic system Macroscopic system THERMODYNAMICS • System in which matter can exist in single phase is called as homogeneous system Homogeneous system
- 9. THERMODYNAMICS • System in which matter can exist more than one phase is called as heterogeneous system Heterogeneous system Macroscopic properties • The properties associated with macroscopic system are called as macroscopic properties Example : Pressure, Volume, Temperature etc.,,
- 10. THERMODYNAMICS • State of a system is one which can be defined by telling the macroscopic properties of the system i.e., the state of a system is fixed by its macroscopic properties State of a system • When there is a change in macroscopic properties the system can change from one state to another P1, V1 & T1 P2, V2 & T2
- 11. THERMODYNAMICS • The macroscopic properties which depends on the state of the system and varied on changing the system from one state to another state are called state function Example, Pressure, volume, temperature, internal energy (E), enthalpy (H), free energy (G), etc., are some of the thermodynamic properties of the system that are state functions State function P1, V1 , T1 & E1 P2, V2 , T2 & E2
- 12. THERMODYNAMICS • The path function are the macroscopic properties which depends upon the path by which the system can change from one state to another For example, work (w) and heat (q) are some of the thermodynamic properties of the system that are path functions Path function A B V W1 W2
- 13. THERMODYNAMICS • The properties that depends on the amount of matter present in the system are called extensive properties. Example: Volume, number of moles, mass, energy, internal energy, entropy etc. Extensive properties • The properties that are independent of the amount of matter present in the system are called intensive properties. Example: boiling point, melting point, density, refractive index, surface tension etc. Intensive properties
- 14. THERMODYNAMICS Zeroth law of thermodynamics • When two objects are in thermal equilibrium with the third object, then there is thermal equilibrium between the two objects itself
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