Threadfin bream and pomfret
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This document provides information on two fish species: threadfin bream and pomfret. It discusses their taxonomic classification, identifying characteristics, distribution, breeding seasons, feeding habits, size at maturity, production trends, utilization, and exploitation. Threadfin bream belongs to the family Nemipteridae and six commercially important species are found in Indian waters. Pomfret belong to the family Stromatidae and include species like Pampus argentus and Pampus chinensis, which are an important part of local fisheries. Both species are harvested using various nets and trawlers.
Threadfin bream and pomfret
- 1. Presentation on: Thread Fin bream And Pomfret. -JOYNAL ABEDIN
- 2. INTRODUCTION • They are found in the tropical water of Indian and pecific Oceans.Most species are benthic and carnivores, preying on small fishes and cephalopodsm,however a few species eat plankton as well. • They are also known as whiptail breams and false snappers.
- 5. Dorsal spines (total): 10; Dorsal soft rays (total): 9; Anal spines: 3; Anal soft rays: 7. This species is distinguished by the following characters: lower margin of eye above a line from tip of snout to upper base of pectoral fins; a line drawn up from the posterior edge of suborbital reaching the dorsal profile 2 to 4 scale rows before origin of dorsal fin; pectoral fins very long, 1-1.3 in HL, reaching to or just beyond level of origin of anal fin; pelvic fins moderately long, 1.2-1.6 in HL, reaching to or just beyond anus; caudal fin moderately forked, upper lobe slightly longer than lower and produced into a short or moderately long filament. Colour: upper part of body pinkish, becoming silvery below; top of head behind eye with a golden sheen; 11-12 pale golden-yellow stripes along body from behind head to base of caudal fin; a prominent red-suffused yellow blotch below origin of lateral line; dorsal fin whitish, margin of fin yellow, edged with red; a pale lemon stripe near base of dorsal fin, this stripe narrow anteriorly and widening on posterior part of fin; anal fin whitish with pale lemon broken lines or scribblings over most of fin; caudal fin pink, upper tip and filament yellow
- 6. Diversity • Belongs to the Family Nemipteridea of the order Perciformes. • There are 6 commercially occurring species in India; Namely • Nemipterus japonicus • N.mesoprion • N.delagoae • N.tolu • N.luteus • N.metopias.
- 7. • Generally occurs on muddy and sandy bottom of the coastal inshore and offshore. Mostly found between the depth of 5m to 80m. • Upto the depth of 40m N.japonicus is recorded to be dominating the population. But at the deeper zones N.mesoprion is the dominant species, although some traces of japonicus is also recorded @300m. • The resource appraisal surveys indicated that the stocks occur in the 100 to 200 m depth contour off Kerala from December to April and below the 100 m depth between July and October. • They appear to move into shallow waters during the monsoon. • The immature ones appears in dept <20m and the mature ones beyond 40m depth Distribution:
- 9. Breeding Season: • The threadfin breams are “fractional spawners”. • N. japonicus spawn season is from June to September and November-April along the south-east coast. The Nemipterus mesoprion spawn season is during November-March, and N. delagoae and N. tolu spawn season is during February/March and August-October along the south-east coast. • It breeds when atleast one year old and the annual fecundity ranges from 23000- 139200/individual.
- 10. FEEDING. • The Nemipterus japonicus prefer to feed on large number of small- sized crustaceans like the penaeid and non- penaeid shrimps. • Large individuals (total length: >25 cm) diversify their feeding habit and depend on fishes and cephalopods as the secondary prey. • The Nemipterus japonicus are “asynchronous cyclic feeders”. • In a continuum between opportunistic and selective feeding, the Nemipterus japonicus tend towards opportunistic feeding.
- 12. • Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age • Maturity: Lm 14.0 cm Max length : 32.0 cm TL male/unsexed • common length : 25.0 cm TL male/unsexed; • max. published weight: 596.00 g • Peak Fishing Season.
- 13. UTILISATION
- 14. EXPLOITATION Threadfin breams are exploited exclusively by MDF trawlers
- 15. MANAGEMENT • This study was to assess parameters indicators of population of threadfin bream, to see how appropriate management strategies, the utilization of inshore Threadfin bream in shore Java Sea. Research was conducted during the ten months from January to October 2015. The study was conducted in PPI Kronjo, Banten.
- 16. POMFRET
- 17. INTRODUCTION The pomfrets constitute about 2.32% of the total marine fish production in India. The bulk of the catch comes from Maharashtra and Gujarat States, which jointly contribute to about 61% of the total all India pomfret landings. Among the demersal fishes, pomfrets belonging to the family Stromateidae are found in the catches all long the coast of India, particularly in Maharashtra and Gujarat States.
- 19. 1. Body firm, very deep, oval, and compressed. 2. Operculum absent; gill opening reduced to a vertical slit on the side of the body. 3. Pelvic fins absent. 4. Dorsal soft rays : 37-43 5. Anal soft rays : 39-45 Identifying Character
- 20. Length at first maturity / Size / Weight / Age • Maturity: Lm 25.3, • Max length : 60.0 cm SL male/unsexed • common length : 30.0 cm SL male/unsexed • max. reported age: 7 years
- 21. FECUNDITY
- 22. Distribution • Indo-West Pacific: East Africa to southern Japan and Australia.
- 23. BIOLOGY • Inshore species, usually in schools over muddy bottoms, associated with fish species like Nemipterus and Leiognathus. Adults feed on ctenophores, salps, medusae, and other zooplankton groups. Western populations spawn from late winter through the summer with peaks from April to June. Sold fresh in local markets or shipped frozen to urban centers. Used in Chinese medicine
- 25. • Pampus argentus • Often called either the silver or white pomfret, is a species of Pampus genus that lives in coastal waters off the Middle East, South Asia, and Southeast Asia. Fish of this family are characterized by their flat bodies, forked tail fins, and long pectoral fins. Lower lobe of caudal > Upper lobe of caudal. • Pampus chinensis Same like P. argentus but a lot larger than size. Major Species
- 26. 2. Parastromateus niger • The black pomfret, Parastromateus niger, is a species of carangid native • to reefs of the Indian Ocean and the western Pacific Ocean, where it is found at depths from 15 to 105 m (49 to 344 ft), though it is rarely found deeper than 40 m (130 ft). This species grows to 75 cm (30 in) in total length and is very important to local commercial fisheries. This species is the only known member of its genus.
- 27. Spawning season The wide range in the length of juveniles from 2.5 cm to 5.0 cm in December indicates that, although the spawning is restricted to a short and definite period, the spawning season is protracted over a period of three months for the different individual specimens of the population.
- 28. EXPORT VALUES
- 29. EXPLOITATION Gears used in Pomfret fishery • Gill nets • Shore seines • Trawl net • Purse seines Crafts used: Gill netters, trawlers,Seiners etc
- 30. Pomfrets are a delicacy throughout India. They not only have a high commercial sale in local markets but also they are exported. Being not so endangered species, huge exploitation is done on this fishes. Maharashtra and Gujarat are the leading producer and source of Pomfrets. Andhra Pradesh, Goa and Kerala are still following up. Pomfrets are highly nutritional and easily digestable. Hence they have a high demand. A lot of south or deccan delicacies has gained popularity.