Faces in medicine
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This document describes various medical conditions that present with distinct facial features or "facies". Some of the facies described include: 1. Mask-like facies seen in conditions like Parkinson's disease that result in an expressionless face with lack of facial movement or affect. 2. Elfin facies seen in genetic disorders like Williams syndrome, characterized by wide-set eyes, low-set ears, and hirsutism. 3. Moon facies seen in Cushing's syndrome, caused by increased fat deposition on the sides of the face, giving it a rounded appearance.
Faces in medicine
- 1. FACIES IN MEDICINE DR TRIPTHI MASK LIKE FACIES A hypomimic, expressionless physiognomyor completelack of facial affect, a finding characteristic ofParkinson's disease, which may be seen in depression, facioscapulao humeral-type muscular dystrophy,infantile botulism, Möbius' syndrome, myotonic dystrophy,Prader-Willi disease, Wilson's disease. ELFIN FACIES Facial features include wide-set eyes, low-set ears, andhirsutism; seen in children with congenital conditions such as leprechaunismand Williams syndrome. MOON FACIES Roundness of the face due to increasedfat depositionlaterally seen in patients with hyperadrenocorticalism,eitherof endogenous (e.g., Cushing's disease) or exogenous origin, such as the use of cortisone-like drugs as therapy. SNARLING FACIES Depictionof a MYASTHENIC patient. (1) markedasymmetrical ptosis (left eye almost closedwith characteristicallyvisible eyelashes); (2) conspicuous attempts toopen eyes clearly visible due to highly elevatedeyebrows and(3) characteristic flattenedor ‘snarling’ smile MITRAL FACIES The classic mitral facies,due to mitral stenosis,is a plum- coloredmalar flush, occurs only when cardiac output is low andpulmonary hypertensionis severe; cause is cutaneous vasodilationand chronic hypoxemia. ADENOID FACIES The appearancein children with adenoidhypertrophy, associatedwith a pinched nose andan open mouth LEONINE FACIES Characteristicfacies seenin Lepromatous Leprosy. Diffuse dermal infiltration is always present subclinically andmay be overtlymanifested by widening of the nasal root andfusiform swellingof the fingers. Furthercellular infiltration o f the skinand thickeningof thedermis produces folds in the skin and the LEONINE facies. BIRD FACIES Characteristicfacies seenin PIERRE ROBIN syndrome. A very small lower jaw is the commonest finding. But the growthof the mandible seems to normalize by the 5thyearof life and gives a characteristic appearance calledas "bird facies." The combination ofa small lower jaw andthe reverse tongue gives rise to acute breathingproblems in a childbecause of airway blockage DOWNS FACIES Associatedwith Downs Syndrome- Trisomy21 Mongoloidfacies – flat nasal bridge, epicanthicfolds, oblique palpebral fissures, Brushfields spots in iris, lenticular opacities, lowset ears, large protuberant tongue. SYPHILITIC FACIES Characteristicof inherited syphilis. Snuffles, when longcontinued, is liable to interfere with the development of thenasal bones, so that when the childgrows up there results a conditionknown as the “saddle-nose” deformity COARSE FACIES Coarse facies seen in most of the inborn errors of metabolism (IEM) viz. the muco- polysaccharidoses (MPS), mucolipidoses (ML), fucosidoses mannosidoses, sialidoses, aspartylglycosaminuria, generalisedgangliosidosis(GMl ) andAustin's variant of metachromaticleukodystrophy due to multiple sulfatase deficiency (MLD-MSD) POTTER FACIES Seen in Potter syndrome which refers to the typical physical appearance andassociated pulmonaryhypoplasia of a neonate as a direct result of oligohydramnios and compressionwhile in utero. Affectedinfants have a flattenednose,recessedchin, prominent epicanthal folds, and low-set abnormal ears. MARFANOID FACIES Seen in Marfans syndrome or conditions causinga marfanoid habitus. Facies is typicallya long andnarrow ACROMEGALIC FACIES Seen in Acromegaly .It is representedby massive supraorbital arcs, enlargement ofthe nose andchin. HATCHET FACIES It is the Facial appearanceof Myotonicdystrophy.Atrophyof masseter, temporalis andother facial muscles leads on to narrowingandelongation of face.